The Y-SNP Z-381 Is a Patrilineal DNA Marker of the Royal Bourbon Family of France

Gérard  Lucotte; Florent  Dieterlen

doi:10.4236/aa.2019.91005

Gérard Lucotte^*, Florent Dieterlen

Abstract: More than 1100 unrelated males from West-Europe were analysed by molecular hybridization experiments for the p49, f Taq I polymorphisms, and by polymerase chain reaction for the R-S21 and Z381 Y-SNP markers. The corresponding two SNP haplogroups showed similar packty frequency distribution patterns centred on Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and the north of Germany. Louis XVI, the last French King, is Z381⁺. A complete corrected Y-STRs profile is established for Prince Sixte-Henri of Bourbon-Parma, a living representative descendant of the French Bourbon family; exploration of further Y-SNP markers located under Z381 shows that he is of the DF98 haplogroup.

Keywords: Y-Chromosome DNA Markers, Y-STRs Profile, Y-SNPs, French Bourbons, Prince Sixte-Henri of Bourbon-Parma

Cite this paper: Lucotte, G. and Dieterlen, F. (2019) The Y-SNP Z-381 Is a Patrilineal DNA Marker of the Royal Bourbon Family of France. Advances in Anthropology, 9, 70-79. doi: 10.4236/aa.2019.91005.

References

[1] Dieterlen, F., & Lucotte, G. (2005). Haplotype XV of the Y-Chromosome Is the Main Haplotype in West-Europe. Biomedecine and Pharmacotherapy, 59, 269-272.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2004.08.023

[2] Gautreau, C., Rahuel, C., Cartron, J. P., & Lucotte, G. (1983). Comparison of Two Methods of High Molecular Weight DNA Isolation from Human Leucocytes. Analytical Biochemistry, 134, 320-324.
https://doi.org/10.1016/003-2697(83)90304-4

[3] Larmuseau, M. H. D., Delorme, P., Germain, P., Vanderheyden, N., Gilissen, A., VanGeystelen, A., Cassiman, J. J., & Decorte, R. (2013b). Genetic Genealogy Reveals True Y Haplogroup of House of Bourbon Condradicting Recent Identification of the Presumed Remains of Two French Kings. European Journal of Human Genetics, 22, 681-687.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2013.211

[4] Larmuseau, M. H. D., Ottoni, C., Raeymaeckers, J. A. M., Vanderheyden, N., Larmuseau, H. F. M., & Decorte, R. (2012). Temporal Differentiation across a West-European Y-Chromosome Cline: Genealogy as a Tool in Human Population Genetics. European Journal of Human Genetics, 20, 434-440.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2011.218

[5] Larmuseau, M. H. D., Vanderheyden, N., Van Geystelen, A., Van Oven, M., Kayser, M., & Decorte, R. (2013a). Increasing Phylogenetic Resolution Still Informative for Y Chromosomal Studies of West-European Populations. Forensic Science International: Genetics, 9, 179-185.

[6] Little, B. D. (2012). The King Son (The Evidence), (2nd Edition). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

[7] Lucotte, G. (2015a). The Major Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b-M269 in West-Europe, Subdivided by the Three SNPs S21/U106, S145/L21 and S28/U152, Shows a Clear Pattern of Geographic Differentiation. Advances in Anthropology, 5, 22-30.
https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2015.51003

[8] Lucotte, G., & Hazout, S. (1996). Y-Chromosome DNA Haplotypes in Basques. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 42, 472-475.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02498642

[9] Lucotte, G., & Loirat, F. (1999). Y-Chromosome DNA Haplotype XV in Europe. Human Biology, 42, 472-475.

[10] Lucotte, G., Gérard, N., Krichnamoorthy, R., David, F., Aouizérate, A., & Galzot, P. (1994). Reduced Variability in Y-Chromosome Specific Haplotypes from Some Central African Populations. Human Biology, 66, 519-526.

[11] Lucotte, G., Hrechdakian, P., & Savard, D. (2015b). Towards a Full-Length Y-Chromosome DNA Sequence of Napoléon the First: Beyond the E-34 SNP Sub-Haplogroup. Austin Journal of Genetics and Genomic Research, 2, 1-4.

[12] Lucotte, G., Thomasset, T., & Wen, S. (2016). The DNA Y-STR Profile of Louis XVI (1754-1793). International Journal of Sciences, 5, 68-93.
https://doi.org/10.18483/ijSci.1005

[13] Rocca, R. A., Magoon, G., Reynolds, D. F., Krahn, T., Tibroe, V. O., OpdenVeldeBoots, P. M., & Grieson, A. J. (2012). Discovery of Western European R1b1a2Y Chromosome Variants in 1000 Genomes Project Data: An Online Community Approach. PLoS One, 7, e41634.
https://doi.org/10.1371/annotation/5d0f79cd-30a5-45b7-aaff-4e27892a9d20