A Comparative Analysis on Human Capital and Wage Structure in the Spanish Hospitality Sector
Author(s)
Juan A. Campos-Soria,
A. García-Pozo,
José Luis Sánchez-Ollero,
Carlos G. Benavides-Chicón
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the wage structures in the Spanish hospitality sector and other private service industries. Using data from the 2006 Spanish Wage Structure Survey (Encuesta de Estructura Salarial) [1], we estimate human capital returns in the hospitality industries. These results have been compared to those obtained in other private services. Education returns in these estimations are lower in the hospitality sector although there are significant differences between regions. Similar results were found for the other human capital variables used. Finally, the paper provides new empirical evidence on the regional wage gap in this sector. The main wage gap in the Canary Islands and the Madrid region is due to differences in returns in the observed variables, whereas in other regions most of the differences are due to the resources allocated.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the wage structures in the Spanish hospitality sector and other private service industries. Using data from the 2006 Spanish Wage Structure Survey (Encuesta de Estructura Salarial) [1], we estimate human capital returns in the hospitality industries. These results have been compared to those obtained in other private services. Education returns in these estimations are lower in the hospitality sector although there are significant differences between regions. Similar results were found for the other human capital variables used. Finally, the paper provides new empirical evidence on the regional wage gap in this sector. The main wage gap in the Canary Islands and the Madrid region is due to differences in returns in the observed variables, whereas in other regions most of the differences are due to the resources allocated.
Cite this paper
nullJ. Campos-Soria, A. García-Pozo, J. Sánchez-Ollero and C. Benavides-Chicón, "A Comparative Analysis on Human Capital and Wage Structure in the Spanish Hospitality Sector," Journal of Service Science and Management, Vol. 4 No. 4, 2011, pp. 458-468. doi: 10.4236/jssm.2011.44052.
nullJ. Campos-Soria, A. García-Pozo, J. Sánchez-Ollero and C. Benavides-Chicón, "A Comparative Analysis on Human Capital and Wage Structure in the Spanish Hospitality Sector," Journal of Service Science and Management, Vol. 4 No. 4, 2011, pp. 458-468. doi: 10.4236/jssm.2011.44052.
References
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[1] Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Encuesta de Es- tructura Salarial 2006 (Microdatos), Madrid: INE, 2007. [2] M. Fernández and Y. Pena-Boquete, “Condiciones de Trabajo y Empleo en la Hostelería en Espa?a: Existe un Modelo Nacional?” XVI Jornadas de la Asociación de Economía de la Educación, Palma de Gran Canaria, 2007. [3] R. Oaxaca and M. R. Ransom, “On Discrimination and the Decomposition of Wage Differentials,” Journal of Econometrics, No. 61, 1994, pp. 5-21. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)90074-4 [4] R. Oaxaca, “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets,” International Economic Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1973, pp. 693-709. doi:10.2307/2525981 [5] A. Blinder, “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates,” Journal of Human Resources, No. 8, 1973, pp. 436-455. doi:10.2307/144855 [6] L. Serrano, “Salarios Regionales y Dotaciones de Capital Humano,” Revista de Economía Aplicada, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2002, pp. 23-38. [7] J. Cotton “On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials,” Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 70, 1988, pp. 236-243. doi:10.2307/1928307 [8] M. Arrazola, J. Hevia, M. Risue?o and J. F. Sanz, “Re- turns to Education in Spain: Some Evidence on the En- dogeneity of Schooling,” Education Economics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2003, pp. 293-304. doi:10.1080/0964529032000148818 [9] J. Alcaide and P. Alcaide, “Avance de las Magnitudes Económicas Espa?olas en 2008 y Serie Provisional del Balance Económico Regional. A?os 2000 a 2008,” Cua- dernos de Información Económica, No. 208, 2009, pp. 1-65. [10] Instituto de Estudios Turísticos (IET), El turismo espa?ol en cifras, Madrid: IET, 2007. [11] C. M. Schmidt and K. F. Zimmermann, “Work Characteristics, Firm Size and Wages,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 73, No. 4, 1991, pp. 705-710. doi:10.2307/2109410 [12] H. Strauss and C. Maisonneuve, “The Wage Premium on Tertiary Education: New Estimates for 21 OECD Coun- tries,” OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, No. 589, 2007. [13] Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Clasificación Na- cional de Ocupaciones, Madrid: INE, 1994. [14] A. E. Aguiló and J. Alegre, “La Madurez de los Destinos Turísticos de Sol y Playa,” Papeles de Economía Es- pa?ola, No. 102, 2004, pp. 250-270. [15] A. J. Marchante, B. Ortega and R. Pagán, “Educational Mismatch and Wages in the Hospitality Sector,” Tourism Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005, pp. 103-117. doi:10.5367/0000000053297149 [16] D. Nickson, “Human Resource Management for the Hos- pitality and Tourism Industries,” Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007. [17] J. M. Pastor, J. L. Raymond, J. L. Roig and L. Serrano, “El Rendimiento del Capital Humano en Espa?a,” Val- encia: IVIE, 2006. [18] A. Lillo-Ba?uls and J. M. Casado-Díaz, “Rewards to Education in the Tourism Sector: One Step Ahead,” Tou- rism Economics, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2010, pp. 11-23. doi:10.5367/000000010790872033 [19] R. Halvorsen and R. Palmquist, “The Interpretation of Dummy Variables in Semilogarithmic Equations,” Am- erican Economic Review, Vol. 70, No. 3, 1980, pp. 474- 475. [20] A. Lillo-Ba?uls and A. B. Ramón-Rodríguez, “Returns to Education in the Spanish Tourism Labour Market,” Tou- rism Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2005, pp. 119-132. doi:10.5367/0000000053297176 [21] C. Thrane, “Earnings Differentiation in the Tourism In- dustry: Gender, Human Capital and Socio-Demographic Effects,” Tourism Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2008, pp. 514-524. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.017 [22] C. W. Ng and R. Pine, “Women and Men in Hotel Ma- nagement in Hong Kong: Perceptions of Gender and Ca- reer Development Issues,” International Journal of Hospitality Management, No. 22, 2003, pp. 85-102. [23] L. D. Delfim and J. Varejao, “Employment, Pay and Dis- crimination in the Tourism Industry,” Tourism Economics, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2007, pp. 225-240. doi:10.5367/000000007780823186 [24] O. Skalpe, “The CEO Gender Pay Gap in Tourism Industry: Evidence from Norway,” Tourism Management, No. 28, 2007, pp. 845-853. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.06.005 [25] J. A. Campos-Soria, B. Ortega and M. A. Ropero-García, “Gender Segregation and Wage Difference in the Hos- pitality Industry,” Tourism Economics, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2009, pp. 847-866. doi:10.5367/000000009789955152 [26] R. Aláez, J. C. Longás and M. Ullibarri, “Diferencias Sa- lariales en Espa?a: Un Análisis Sectorial/Regional,” Inve- stigaciones Regionales, No. 3, 2003, pp. 5-24.