Application of Geographic Information System (GIS)in Mapping Groundwater Quality in Uyo, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
In recent years there has been serious concern on the deteriorating groundwater quality due to the activities of man. Geographic Information System (GIS), a high performance computer based tool is playing a critical role in water resource management and pollution study. In this work, the GIS software was used to analyze the effects of various data layers (topographic slope, groundwater table variation, soil porosity and land use activities) on the distribution of groundwater pollution in the Nigerian city of Uyo. Spatial variability map of different groundwater quality parameters were generated using interpolation operation in the software. A good correlation exists between some of the pollution indicators (total dissolved solids, TDS and conductiveity, CN, 0.8; chloride and TDS, 0.17 as well as TDS and sulphate, 0.23). The results of spatial variability maps of different groundwater quality parameters indicate an increase in the percentages of pollution levels during the last five years. Cross operation was also used to explain the effects of various data layers viz. topographic slope, groundwater slope, depth to groundwater layer and land use activities on the distribution of groundwater pollution.
In recent years there has been serious concern on the deteriorating groundwater quality due to the activities of man. Geographic Information System (GIS), a high performance computer based tool is playing a critical role in water resource management and pollution study. In this work, the GIS software was used to analyze the effects of various data layers (topographic slope, groundwater table variation, soil porosity and land use activities) on the distribution of groundwater pollution in the Nigerian city of Uyo. Spatial variability map of different groundwater quality parameters were generated using interpolation operation in the software. A good correlation exists between some of the pollution indicators (total dissolved solids, TDS and conductiveity, CN, 0.8; chloride and TDS, 0.17 as well as TDS and sulphate, 0.23). The results of spatial variability maps of different groundwater quality parameters indicate an increase in the percentages of pollution levels during the last five years. Cross operation was also used to explain the effects of various data layers viz. topographic slope, groundwater slope, depth to groundwater layer and land use activities on the distribution of groundwater pollution.
Cite this paper
nullM. Igboekwe and A. Akankpo, "Application of Geographic Information System (GIS)in Mapping Groundwater Quality in Uyo, Nigeria," International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 394-397. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2011.24042.
nullM. Igboekwe and A. Akankpo, "Application of Geographic Information System (GIS)in Mapping Groundwater Quality in Uyo, Nigeria," International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 394-397. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2011.24042.
References
[1] A. O. Akankpo, G. T. Akpabio and I. O. Akpabio, “Phy- sicochemistry and Biological Properties of Ground-Water Samples from Boreholes Sited near Waste Dumps in Uyo, Southwestern Nigeria,” Natural and Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, pp. 156-165. [2] C. C. Asonye, N. P. Okolie, E. E. Okenwa and U. G. Iwuanyawu, “Some Physio-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Profile of Nigeria Rivers, Streams and Wetlands,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 6, No. 5, 2007, pp. 617-624. [3] A. N. Amadi and P. I. Olasehinde, “Application of Re- mote Sensing Techniques in Hydrogeological Mapping of parts of Bosso Area, Minna, North-Central Nigeria,” International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 9, 2010, pp. 1465-1474. [4] A. O. Akankpo and M. U. Igboekwe, “Monitoring Ground- Water Contamination Using Surface Electrical Resistivity and Geochemical Methods,” Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 3, No. 5, 2011, pp. 318-324. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2011.35040 [5] A. N. Ugbaja and A. E. Edet, “Groundwater Pollution near Shallow Waste Dumps in Southern Calabar, South- Eastern Nigeria,” Global Journal of Geological Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2004, pp. 199-206. [6] A. E. Edet and C. S. Okereke, “Delineation of Shallow Groundwater Aquifers in the Coastal Plain Sand of Cala- bar Area Using Surface Resistivity and Hydro-Geologi- cal,” Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2002, pp. 433-441. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00148-3 [7] WHO, International Drinking Water Standards, 3rd Edi- tion, WHO, Geneva, 2007. [8] WHO, Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd Edition, Ge- neva, 2004.
[1] A. O. Akankpo, G. T. Akpabio and I. O. Akpabio, “Phy- sicochemistry and Biological Properties of Ground-Water Samples from Boreholes Sited near Waste Dumps in Uyo, Southwestern Nigeria,” Natural and Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, pp. 156-165. [2] C. C. Asonye, N. P. Okolie, E. E. Okenwa and U. G. Iwuanyawu, “Some Physio-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metal Profile of Nigeria Rivers, Streams and Wetlands,” African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 6, No. 5, 2007, pp. 617-624. [3] A. N. Amadi and P. I. Olasehinde, “Application of Re- mote Sensing Techniques in Hydrogeological Mapping of parts of Bosso Area, Minna, North-Central Nigeria,” International Journal of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 9, 2010, pp. 1465-1474. [4] A. O. Akankpo and M. U. Igboekwe, “Monitoring Ground- Water Contamination Using Surface Electrical Resistivity and Geochemical Methods,” Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 3, No. 5, 2011, pp. 318-324. doi:10.4236/jwarp.2011.35040 [5] A. N. Ugbaja and A. E. Edet, “Groundwater Pollution near Shallow Waste Dumps in Southern Calabar, South- Eastern Nigeria,” Global Journal of Geological Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2004, pp. 199-206. [6] A. E. Edet and C. S. Okereke, “Delineation of Shallow Groundwater Aquifers in the Coastal Plain Sand of Cala- bar Area Using Surface Resistivity and Hydro-Geologi- cal,” Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 3, 2002, pp. 433-441. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00148-3 [7] WHO, International Drinking Water Standards, 3rd Edi- tion, WHO, Geneva, 2007. [8] WHO, Background Document for Development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd Edition, Ge- neva, 2004.