The higher air temperature was closely associated with higher ambulance transports due to heat stroke in elderly Japanese
ABSTRACT
To investigate the link between higher air temperature and ambulance transports due to heat stroke, especially in elderly subjects, using daily data in Sai-tama prefecture in August, 2010, Japan. We obtained daily data of air temperature in Saitama prefecture in August, 2010, Japan from Japan Meteorological Agency. Number of ambulance transports due to heat stroke was also used by Saitama prefecture official website. The effect of high air temperature on am-bulance transports due to heat stroke was evaluated. A total of 1688 ambulance transports due to heat stroke was observed in Saitama prefecture in August, 2010, Japan. Seven hundred and twenty one subjects (42.7%) were over the age of 65. Mean air temperature, the highest air temperature and day light hours were significantly associated with ambulance transports due to heat stroke in total subjects (mean air temperature: r = 0.749, p < 0.0001) and the over the age of 7. In addition, by separate analysis as classified by age groups, the correlation coefficient between ambulance transports due to heat stroke and mean air temperature was the highest in subjects with over 65. However, the lowest air temperature was not cor-related with ambulance transports due to heat stroke. Higher air temperature was closely associated with higher ambulance transports due to heat stroke using daily data in Saitama prefecture in August, 2010, Ja-pan, especially in elderly subjects.
To investigate the link between higher air temperature and ambulance transports due to heat stroke, especially in elderly subjects, using daily data in Sai-tama prefecture in August, 2010, Japan. We obtained daily data of air temperature in Saitama prefecture in August, 2010, Japan from Japan Meteorological Agency. Number of ambulance transports due to heat stroke was also used by Saitama prefecture official website. The effect of high air temperature on am-bulance transports due to heat stroke was evaluated. A total of 1688 ambulance transports due to heat stroke was observed in Saitama prefecture in August, 2010, Japan. Seven hundred and twenty one subjects (42.7%) were over the age of 65. Mean air temperature, the highest air temperature and day light hours were significantly associated with ambulance transports due to heat stroke in total subjects (mean air temperature: r = 0.749, p < 0.0001) and the over the age of 7. In addition, by separate analysis as classified by age groups, the correlation coefficient between ambulance transports due to heat stroke and mean air temperature was the highest in subjects with over 65. However, the lowest air temperature was not cor-related with ambulance transports due to heat stroke. Higher air temperature was closely associated with higher ambulance transports due to heat stroke using daily data in Saitama prefecture in August, 2010, Ja-pan, especially in elderly subjects.
Cite this paper
nullMiyatake, N. , Sakano, N. and Murakami, S. (2011) The higher air temperature was closely associated with higher ambulance transports due to heat stroke in elderly Japanese. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 1, 1-4. doi: 10.4236/ojepi.2011.11001.
nullMiyatake, N. , Sakano, N. and Murakami, S. (2011) The higher air temperature was closely associated with higher ambulance transports due to heat stroke in elderly Japanese. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 1, 1-4. doi: 10.4236/ojepi.2011.11001.
References
[1] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N., Murakami, S., Suna, S., Suzue, T. and Hirao, T. (2011) Comparison of temperatures among rural, urban and metropolitan areas around the Inland Sea in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and As-sessment, 181, 525-530. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1846-0 [2] Sakano, N., Miyatake, N., Murakami, S., Suzue, T., Hirao, T. and Ogino, K. (2011) Changes in temperatures in Okayama area compared with different urbanization areas, Japan. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2, 162-167. doi:10.4236/jep.2011.22018 [3] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N., Murakami, S., Suna, S., Suzue, T. and Hirao, T. (2011) Higher temperatures were closely associated with higher ambulance transports in Takamatsu area, Japan. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2, 72-75. doi:10.4236/jep.2011.21007 [4] Sakano, N., Miyatake, N., Suzue, T., Suna, S., Hirao, T. and Ogino, K. (2011) The relation between high tem-peratures and ambulance transports in Okayama city, Ja-pan (in Japanese). Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6, 17-20. [5] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N., Murakami, S., Suzue, T., Yoda, T., Yoshioka, A. and Hirao, T. (2011) Air temperature was associated with ambulance transports in Osaka area, Japan. Health, 3, 545-548. doi:10.4236/health.2011.39092 [6] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N. and Murakami, S. (in press) The relation between ambulance transports stratified by heat stroke and air temperatures in all 47 prefectures of Japan in August 2009, Japan: Ecological study. Environ-mental Health and Preventive Medicine. [7] Saitama prefecture official website (2011).http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/site/english-top/english-saitama-prefecture-at-a-glance.html [8] Saitama prefecture official website (2011). http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/454090.pdf [9] Japan Meteorological Agency (2011). http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/daily_a1.php?prec_no=43&prec_ch=%8D%E9%8B%CA%8C%A7&block_no=0363&block_ch=%82%B3%82%A2%82%BD%82%DC&year=2010&month=8&day=&elm=daily&view= [10] Qiu, D., Tanihata, T., Aoyama, H., Fujita, T., Inaba, Y. and Minowa, M. (2002) Relationship between a high mortality rate and extreme heat during the summer of 1999 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Epidemiology, 12, 254-257. doi:10.2188/jea.12.254 [11] Bai, H., Islam, M.N., Kuroki, H., Honda, K. and Waka-sugi, C. (1995) Deaths due to heat waves during the summer of 1994 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan (in Japanese). Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi, 49, 265-274. [12] Nakai, S., Itoh, T. and Morimoto, T. (1999) Deaths from heat-stroke in Japan: 1968-1994. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43, 124-127. doi:10.1007/s004840050127 [13] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001) Cli-mate change 2001, “The scientific basis: Contribution of working group 1 to the third assessment report”. Cam-bridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-994.
[1] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N., Murakami, S., Suna, S., Suzue, T. and Hirao, T. (2011) Comparison of temperatures among rural, urban and metropolitan areas around the Inland Sea in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and As-sessment, 181, 525-530. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1846-0 [2] Sakano, N., Miyatake, N., Murakami, S., Suzue, T., Hirao, T. and Ogino, K. (2011) Changes in temperatures in Okayama area compared with different urbanization areas, Japan. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2, 162-167. doi:10.4236/jep.2011.22018 [3] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N., Murakami, S., Suna, S., Suzue, T. and Hirao, T. (2011) Higher temperatures were closely associated with higher ambulance transports in Takamatsu area, Japan. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2, 72-75. doi:10.4236/jep.2011.21007 [4] Sakano, N., Miyatake, N., Suzue, T., Suna, S., Hirao, T. and Ogino, K. (2011) The relation between high tem-peratures and ambulance transports in Okayama city, Ja-pan (in Japanese). Journal of Preventive Medicine, 6, 17-20. [5] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N., Murakami, S., Suzue, T., Yoda, T., Yoshioka, A. and Hirao, T. (2011) Air temperature was associated with ambulance transports in Osaka area, Japan. Health, 3, 545-548. doi:10.4236/health.2011.39092 [6] Miyatake, N., Sakano, N. and Murakami, S. (in press) The relation between ambulance transports stratified by heat stroke and air temperatures in all 47 prefectures of Japan in August 2009, Japan: Ecological study. Environ-mental Health and Preventive Medicine. [7] Saitama prefecture official website (2011).http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/site/english-top/english-saitama-prefecture-at-a-glance.html [8] Saitama prefecture official website (2011). http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/454090.pdf [9] Japan Meteorological Agency (2011). http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/daily_a1.php?prec_no=43&prec_ch=%8D%E9%8B%CA%8C%A7&block_no=0363&block_ch=%82%B3%82%A2%82%BD%82%DC&year=2010&month=8&day=&elm=daily&view= [10] Qiu, D., Tanihata, T., Aoyama, H., Fujita, T., Inaba, Y. and Minowa, M. (2002) Relationship between a high mortality rate and extreme heat during the summer of 1999 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Epidemiology, 12, 254-257. doi:10.2188/jea.12.254 [11] Bai, H., Islam, M.N., Kuroki, H., Honda, K. and Waka-sugi, C. (1995) Deaths due to heat waves during the summer of 1994 in Osaka Prefecture, Japan (in Japanese). Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi, 49, 265-274. [12] Nakai, S., Itoh, T. and Morimoto, T. (1999) Deaths from heat-stroke in Japan: 1968-1994. International Journal of Biometeorology, 43, 124-127. doi:10.1007/s004840050127 [13] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001) Cli-mate change 2001, “The scientific basis: Contribution of working group 1 to the third assessment report”. Cam-bridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-994.