[1] Shrieves, R.E. (1978) Market Structure and Innovation: A New Perspective. Journal of Industrial Economics, 26, 329-347. https://doi.org/10.2307/2098078
[2] Carmichael, J. (1981) The Effects of Mission-Oriented Public R & D Spending on Private Industry. Journal of Finance, 36, 617-627. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1981.tb00648.x
[3] Higgins, R.S. and Link, A.N. (1981) Federal Support of Technological Growth in Industry: Some Evidence of Crowding out. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 28, 86-88. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1981.6447450
[4] David, P.A., Hall, B.H. and Toole, A.A. (2000) Is Public R & D a Complement or Substitute for Private R & D? A Review of the Econometric Evidence. Research Policy, 29, 497-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00087-6
[5] Diamond, A.M. (1999) Does Federal Funding “Crowd in” Private Funding of Science. Contemporary Economic Policy, 17, 423-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1999.tb00694.x
[6] Duguet, E. (2004) Are R & D Subsidies a Substitute or a Complement to Privately Funded R & D? Evidence from France Using Propensity Score Methods for Non-Experimental Data. Revue D’Economie Politique, 114, 263-292. https://doi.org/10.3917/redp.142.0245
[7] González, X. and Pazó, C. (2008) Do Public Subsidies Stimulate Private R & D Spending? Research Policy, 37, 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.10.009
[8] Bérubé, C. and Mohnen, P. (2009) Are Firms That Receive R & D Subsidies More Innovative? Canadian Journal of Economics, 42, 206-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2008.01505.x
[9] Aschhoff, B. (2009) The Effect of Subsidies on R & D Investment and Success. Do Subsidy History and Size Matter? ZEW Discussion Paper No. 032, Mannheim.
[10] Carboni, O.A. (2011) R & D Subsidies and Private R & D Expenditures: Evidence from Italian Manufacturing Data. International Review of Applied Economics, 25, 419-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2010.529427
[11] Czarnitzki, D., Hottenrott, H. and Thorwarth, S. (2011) Industrial Research versus Development Investment: The Implications of Financial Constraints. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35, 527-544. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/beq038
[12] Henningsen, M., Haegeland, T. and Møen, J. (2012) Estimating the Additionality of R & D Subsidies Using Proposal Evaluation Data to Control for Firms’ R & D Intentions. Statistics Norway Discussion Paper, 729.
[13] Mamuneas, T.P. and Nadiri, M.I. (1996) Public R & D Policies and Cost Behavior of the US Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Public Economics, 63, 57-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(96)01588-5
[14] Busom, I. (2000) An Empirical Evaluation of R & D Subsidies. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 9, 111-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590000000006
[15] Wallsten S.J. ,et al. (2000)The Effects of Government-Industry R & D Programs on Private R & D: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program RAND Journal of Economics 31, 82-100.
[16] Lach, S. (2002) Do R & D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R & D? Evidence from Israel. Journal of Industrial Economics, 50, 369-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00182
[17] Kleer, R. (2010) Government R & D Subsidies as a Signal for Private Investors. Research Policy, 39, 1361-1374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.08.001
[18] Montmartin, B. and Herrera, M. (2015) Internal and External Effects of R & D Subsidies and Fiscal Incentives: Empirical Evidence Using Spatial Dynamic Panel Models. Research Policy, 44, 1065-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.11.013
[19] Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (2008) Europe’s R & D: Missing the Wrong Targets. Intereconomics, 43, 220-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-008-0254-y