Kyung-Hwan Min

Show more
Rail Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
Show less

Abstract: In recent years, the development and application of high performance fiber reinforced concrete or cementitious composites are increasing due to their high ductility and energy absorption characteristics. However, it is difficult to obtain the required properties of the FRCC by simply adding fiber to the concrete matrix. Many researchers are paying attention to fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for the reinforcement of construction structures because of their significant advantages over high strain rates. However, the actual FRP products are skill-dependent, and the quality may not be uniform. Therefore, in this study, two-way punching tests were carried out to evaluate the performances of FRP strengthened and steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced concrete specimens for impact and static loads. The FRP reinforced normal concrete (NC), steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), and PVA FRCC specimens showed twice the amount of enhanced dissipated energy (total energy) under impact loadings than the non-retrofitted specimens. In the low-velocity impact test of the two-way NC specimens strengthened by FRPs, the total dissipated energy increased by 4 to 5 times greater than the plain NC series. For the two-way specimens, the total energy increased by 217% between the non-retrofitted SFRC and NC specimens. The total dissipated energy of the CFRP retrofitted SFRC was twice greater than that of the plain SFRC series. The PVA FRCC specimens showed 4 times greater dissipated energy than for the energy of the plain NC specimens. For the penetration of two-way specimens with fibers, the Hughes formula considering the tensile strength of concrete was a better predictor than other empirical formulae.

Keywords: Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Steel Fiber, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Low-Velocity Impact Load, Punching, Penetration Depth

Cite this paper: Min, K. (2018) Punching and Local Damages of Fiber and FRP Reinforced Concrete under Low-Velocity Impact Load. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 8, 64-81. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2018.81006.

References

[1]   Bindiganavile, V., Banthia, N. and Aarup, B. (2002) Impact Response of Ultra-High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite. ACI Material Journal, 99, 543-548.

[2]   Rao, H.S., Ghorpade, V.G., Ramana, N.V. and Gnanwswar, K. (2010) Response of SIFCON Two-Way Slabs under Impact Loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37, 452-458.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.06.003

[3]   Sukontajukkul, P., Mindess, S., Banthia, N. and Mikami, T. (2001) Impact Resistance of Laterally Confined Fibre Reinforced Concrete Plates. Material and Structures, 34, 612-618.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482128

[4]   Habel, K. and Gauvreau, P. (2008) Response of Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) to Impact and Static Loading. Cement and Concrete Composite, 30, 938-946.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.09.001

[5]   Li, V.C. (2005) Engineered Cementitious Composites. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Construction Materials, D-documents/1-05-SS-GF01_FP.pdf, 22-24August, 2005, Vancouver, Canada.

[6]   Min, K.H., Cho, S.H., Kim, Y.W., Shin, H.O. and Yoon, Y.S. (2009) Assessment on Impact Resisting Performance of HPFRCCs Using Hybrid PVA Fibers. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Performance, Protection & Strengthening of Structures under Extreme Loading, 19-21 August 2009, Hayama, Japan.

[7]   Min, K.H., Kim, Y.W., Yang, J.M., Lee, J.S. and Yoon, Y.S. (2009) Enhancing the Flexural Performance of Hybrid HPFRCC. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Construction Materials: Performance, Innovations and Structural Implications, August 24-26, 2009, Nagoya, Japan.

[8]   Buchan, P.A. and Chen, J.F. (2007) Blast Resistance of FRP Composites and Polymer Strengthened Concrete and Masonry Structures—A State-of-The-Art Review. Composite Part B: Engineering, 38, 509-522.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.07.009

[9]   Chen, C.C. and Li, C.Y. (2005) Punching Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates. ACI Structural Journal, 102, 535-542.

[10]   Malvar, L.J., Crawford, J.E. and Morrill, K.B. (2007) Use of Composites to Resist Blast. Journal of Composite for Construction, 11, 601-610.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:6(601)

[11]   Silva, P.F. and Lu, B. (2007) Improving the Blast Resistance Capacity of RC Slabs with Innovative Composite Materials. Composite Part B: Engineering, 38, 523-534.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.06.015

[12]   ACI Committee 440 (2002) Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structures, ACI 440.2R-02. American Concrete Institute, MI, USA.

[13]   Bank, L.C. (2006) Composites for Construction: Structural Design with FRP Materials. John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA, 214-271.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470121429

[14]   Teng, J.G., Chen, J.F., Smith, S.T. and Lam, L. (2002) FRP-Strengthened RC Structures. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK, 31-46.

[15]   Kim, Y.W. (2008) Enhancing the Structural Behavior of High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites Using Hybrid PVA Fibers. M.Sc. Thesis, Korea University, South Korea.

[16]   Kim, Y.W., Min, K.H., Yang, J.M. and Yoon, Y.S. (2008) Flexural and Impact Resisting Performance of HPFRCCs using Hybrid PVA Fibers. Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute, 21, 705-712. (In Korean)
https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2009.21.6.705

[17]   Min, K.H., Yang, J.M., Yoo, D.Y. and Yoon, Y.S. (2010) Flexural and Punching Performances of FRP and Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Impact Loading. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, Beijing, 27-29 September 2010, 410-414.

[18]   Min, K.H., Shin, H.O., Yoo, D.Y. and Yoon, Y.S. (2011) Flexural and Punching Behaviors of Concrete Strengthening with FRP Sheets and Steel Fibers under Low-Velocity Impact Loading. Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute, 23, 31-38. (In Korean)
https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.1.031

[19]   Kennedy, R.P. (1976) A Review of Procedures for the Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures to Resist Missile Impact Effects. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 37, 183-203.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(76)90015-7

[20]   Berriaud, C., Sokolovsky, A., Gueraud, R., Dulac, J. and Labrot, R. (1978) Local Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Walls under Missile Impact. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 45, 457-469.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(78)90235-2

[21]   Li, Q.M., Reid, S.R., Wen, H.M. and Telford, A.R. (2005) Local Impact Effects of Hard Missiles on Concrete Targets. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32, 224-284.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.04.005

[22]   Chung, C.H., Choi, H., Lee, J.W. and Choi, K.R. (2010) Evaluation of Local Effect Prediction Formulas for RC Slabs Subjected to Impact Loading. Journal of Korean Civil Engineering Society, 30, 543-560. (In Korean)

[23]   Samuely, F.J. and Hamann, C.W. (1939) Civil Protection. The Architectural Press, Princeton.

[24]   Amirikian, A. (1950) Design of Protective Structures (A New Concept of Structural Behavior). Report NT-3726, Bureau of Yards and Docks, Department of the Navy.

[25]   Hughes, G. (1984) Hard Missile Impact on Reinforced Concrete. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 77, 23-35.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(84)90058-X

[26]   Gwaltney, R.C. (1968) Missile Generation and Protection in Light-Water-Cooled Power Reactor Plants. ORNL NSIC-22, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge.

[27]   Adeli, H. and Amin, A.M. (1985) Local Effects of Impactors on Concrete Structures. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 88, 301-317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(85)90165-7

[28]   Bangash, M.Y.H. (1989) Concrete and Concrete Structures: Numerical Modelling and Application. Elsevier Applied Science, London.

[29]   Chelapati, C.V., Kennedy, R.P. and Wall, I.B. (1972) Probabilistic Assessment of Aircraft Hazard for Nuclear Power Plants. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 19, 333-364.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(72)90136-7

[30]   ACE (1946) Fundamentals of Protective Design. Report AT120 AT1207821, Army Corps of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers.

[31]   Kennedy, R.P. (1966) Effects of an Aircraft Crash into a Concrete Reactor Containment Building. Holmes & Narver Inc., Anaheim.

[32]   NDRC (1946) Effects of Impact and Explosion. Summary Technical Report of Division 2, Vol. 1, National Defense Research Committee, Washington DC.

[33]   Whiffen, P. (1943) UK Road Research Laboratory. Note No. MOS/311.

[34]   Kar, A.K. (1978) Local Effects of Tornado-Generated Missiles. Journal of the Structural Division, 104, 809-816.

[35]   Barr, P. (1990) Guidelines for the Design and Assessment of Concrete Structures Subjected to Impact. Report, UK Atomic Energy Authority, Safety and Reliability Directorate, HMSO, London.

[36]   Haldar, A. and Hamieh, H. (1984) Local Effect of Solid Missiles on Concrete Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 110, 948-960.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1984)110:5(948)

[37]   Haldar, A. (1985) Energy-Balanced Approach to Evaluation Local Effects of Impact of Nondeformable Missiles on Concrete Structures. Transactions of the International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, J, 203-214.

[38]   Bangash, M.Y.H. (1993) Impact and Explosion: Structural Analysis and Design. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

[39]   Kojima, I. (1991) An Experimental Study on Local Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Slabs to Missile Impact. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 130, 121-132.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(91)90121-W