Parkinson Kinetic Graph: Are Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson Disease Related with Disease Duration?

Esther  Berghuis; Barbera  Van Harten; Nicolaas  Verwey; Mirjam  Van Kesteren-Biegstraaten; Wijnand  Rutgers

doi:10.4236/apd.2018.71001

Esther Berghuis¹, Barbera Van Harten¹, Mirjam Van Kesteren-Biegstraaten², Wijnand Rutgers³, Nicolaas Verwey¹^*

Abstract:

Introduction: The Parkinson’s KinetiGraph (PKG) is a digital measurement system for motor fluctuations (FS). The aim of this study is to investigate whether FS, measured by the PKG, are associated with disease duration of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients. Material and Methods: 172 PD were included. PKG measurements, clinical data and disease duration were collected. Patients were categorized in four disease duration categories (0 - 5 years, 6 - 7 years, 8 - 11 years and ≥12 years). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients is 69.2 years (SD ± 8.13). Disease duration varies between 1 and 28 years. Significant difference was found between the four disease categories in FS (p = 0.050); between group 1 - 3, p = 0.005. Conclusions: As expected, FS measured by PKG increase during disease progression in PD. In advanced disease stages, FS stabilise, indicating that PKG is the most useful in early and moderate stages of PD.

Keywords: Late Stage Parkinson Disease, Levodopa, Disease Duration, Fluctuations, Dyskinesia, Bradykinesia

Cite this paper: Berghuis, E. , Van Harten, B. , Van Kesteren-Biegstraaten, M. , Rutgers, W. and Verwey, N. (2018) Parkinson Kinetic Graph: Are Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson Disease Related with Disease Duration?. Advances in Parkinson's Disease, 7, 1-6. doi: 10.4236/apd.2018.71001.

References

[1] Kalia, L.V. and Lang, A.E. (2015) Parkinson’s Disease. Lancet, 386, 896-912.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61393-3

[2] Nutt, J.G. (2008) Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Levodopa. Move-ment Disorders, 23, S580-S584.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22037

[3] Griffiths, R.I., Kotschet, K., Arfon, S., et al. (2012) Automated Assessment of Brady-kinesia and Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease. J Parkinsons Dis, 2, 47-55.

[4] Bergquist, F. and Horne, M. (2014) Can Objective Measurements Improve Treat-ment Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease? European Neurological Review, 9, 27-30.
https://doi.org/10.17925/ENR.2014.09.01.27

[5] Horne, M.K., McGregor, S. and Bergquist, F. (2015) An Objective Fluctuation Score for Parkinson’s Disease. PLoS ONE, 10, e0124522.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124522

[6] Postuma, R.B., Berg, D., Stern, M., et al. (2015) MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s Disease. Movement Disorders, 30, 1591-1599.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26424

[7] Kempster, P.A., Williams, D.R., Selikhova, M., Holton, J., Revesz, T. and Lees, A.J. (2007) Patterns of Levodopa Response in Parkinson’s Disease: A Clinico-Patho-logical Study. Brain, 130, 2123-2128.
https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm142

[8] Papapetropoulos, S. and Mash, D.C. (2007) Motor Fluctuations and Dyskinesias in Advanced/End Stage Parkinson’s Disease: A Study from a Population of Brain Do-nors. Journal of Neural Transmission, 114, 341-345.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-006-0603-6

[9] Coelho, M., Marti, M.J., Tolosa, E., et al. (2010) Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease: The Barcelona and Lisbon Cohort. Journal of Neurology, 257, 1524-1532.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5566-8

[10] Connolly, B.S. and Lang, A.E. (2014) Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson Di-sease. A Review. JAMA, 311, 1670-1683.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.3654

[11] Fabbri, M., Coelho, M., Abreu, D., et al. (2016) Do Patients with Late-Stage Parkin-son’s Disease Still Respond to Levodopa? Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 26, 10-16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.021

[12] Coelho, M., Marti, M.J., Sampaio, C., et al. (2015) Dementia and Severity of Parkin-sonism Determines the Handicap of Patients in Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease: The Barcelona-Lisbon Cohort. European Journal of Neurology, 22, 305-312.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12567

[13] Hand, A., Gray, W.K., Oates, L.L., et al. (2016) Medication Use in People with Late Stage Parkinson’s Disease and Parkinsonism Living at Home and in Institutional Care in North-East England: A Balance of Symptoms and Side-Effects? Parkin-sonism & Related Disorders, 32, 120-123.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.09.001