Characteristics of Drainage Water Quality and Loading from Paddy Field under Cyclic Irrigation and Its Management Options

Nobumasa  Hatcho; Yutaka  Matsuno; Kazuyuki  Kurihara; Haruhiko  Horino

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2018.101005

Nobumasa Hatcho¹, Kazuyuki Kurihara², Yutaka Matsuno¹^*, Haruhiko Horino³

Abstract: The cyclic irrigation system has been practiced in Japan for reducing pollutant outflow loadings from paddy fields. The cyclic irrigation is an irrigation method to reuse water by pumping drainage water and re-distributing it to the farmland. Quantification and assessment of the effects of the cyclic irrigation are needed to identify management options for maximizing the benefits of cyclic irrigation. The study was aimed at assessing loading characteristics from paddy field area under the cyclic irrigation and developing a model for simulating water and material flow in paddy field area that can be used as a management tool. The study was carried out in a paddy field in the Asagoi District, Oumihatiman city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Using the results of water quality analysis, the average net loadings of T-N and T-P were estimated for both cyclic and non-cyclic irrigation sites. The result indicates a higher nutrient absorption rate in the cyclic irrigation site than that in the non-cyclic irrigation site. The developed cyclic irrigation model showed good agreements between observed and simulated drainage volumes and nitrogen loadings. The scenario analysis by application of the model showed a potential of reducing the loading amount by increasing the cyclic irrigation ratio and reducing the amount of fertilizer application without affecting the rice yield.

Keywords: Cyclic Irrigation, Water Saving, Simulation Model, Water Balance, Material Balance, Drainage Water

Cite this paper: Hatcho, N. , Kurihara, K. , Matsuno, Y. and Horino, H. (2018) Characteristics of Drainage Water Quality and Loading from Paddy Field under Cyclic Irrigation and Its Management Options. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 10, 73-84. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2018.101005.

References

[1] Sato, Y., Okubo, T., Okamoto, T. and Uehara, H. (2009) Biwako ryuuiki kannri sisutemu ni kannsuru seisaku kadai kennkyuu (In Japanese). Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, 6, 31-45.

[2] Van, T.T.H. (2017) Water Saving through Reuse of Return Flow in Paddy Fields. In: Liniger, H., et al., Eds., Making Sense of Research for Sustainable Land Management. Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Switzerland and Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig.

[3] Hama, T., Nakamura, K., Kawashima, S. and Mitsuno, T. (2008) Effect of Cyclic Irrigation on Reduction of Net Effluent Loadings of Nitrogen and Phosphorus during Sunny Days in Irrigation Period after Puddling Season. Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan, 76, 419-425.

[4] Aiba, N., Obayasi, H., Hasukawa, H. and Yamada, Y. (2011) Runoff Load Reduction by Circulatory Irrigation in Paddy Field Region. Bull. Shiga. Pref. Agric. Tech. Promo. Cent, 50, 37-40.

[5] Wu, R.S., Sue, W.R., Chien, C.B., Chen, C.H., Chang, J.S. and Lin, K.M. (2001) A Simulation Model for Investigating the Effects of Rice Paddy Fields on the Runoff System. Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 33, 649-658.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7177(00)00269-7

[6] Andiego, G., Waseem, M., Usman, M. and Mani, N. (2018) The Influence of Rain Gauge Network Density on the Performance of a Hydrological Model. Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, 7, 27-50.
https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2018.81002

[7] Kim, S.M., Im, S.J., Park, S.W., Lee, J.J., Benham, B.L. and Jang, T.I. (2008) Assessment of Wastewater Reuse Effects on Nutrient Loads from Paddy Field Using Field-Scale Water Quality Model. Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 13, 305-313.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-007-9093-7

[8] Jeon, J.H., Yoon, C.G., Ham, J.H. and Jung, K.W. (2005) Model Development for Surface Drainage Loading Estimates from Paddy Rice Fields. Paddy and Water Environment, 3, 93-101.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-005-0007-5

[9] Kunimatsu, T. and Sudo, M. (1994) Taikikoukabutu niyoru chitso, rinn no kyoukyu to sonohenndou (In Japanese). Society of Environmental Conservation Engineering, 23, 710-713.
https://doi.org/10.5956/jriet.23.710

[10] Sato, K. and Takahashi, T. (1998) Analysis of the Relation between Soil Nitrogen Absorption by Paddy Rice and Accumulated Temperature Using a Logistics Curve. Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 69, 29-37.

[11] Tabuchi, T. (2006) To Develop the Theory for Nitrate Removal in Wetland. Journal of the Agricultural Engineering Society, Japan, 74, 7-10.