Dibi Millogo¹, Moméiyi Michée Bazié², Youssouf Koussoubé^3*, Prosper Nabsanna Zombré², Evariste Constant Dapola Da⁴

Show more
¹ General Direction of the Nakanbé Basin Agency, Ziniaré, Burkina Faso.
² Laboratory of Soils Science and Environment, Unit of Training and Research on Life and Earth Sciences, University Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
³ Laboratory of Georessources and Environment, Unit of Training and Research on Life and Earth Sciences, University Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
⁴ Laboratory of Physical Geography and Populations Dynamics, University Ouaga I Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Show less

Abstract: Agriculture is harming its own future through soil degradation and pollution of the water that it generates. The different chemical analyses carried out on surface waters and the land surveys carried out in the Nakanbé basin have shown that agricultural practices contribute to water pollution. The monitoring of nitrate, orthophosphate and BOD5 levels in the dams of Goinré, Ziga and Bagré during the period from August to December revealed that agricultural practices lead to variation in these parameters. The average values for nitrates are 0.833 mg/L in the Goinré fresh waterbody, 1.372 mg/L in the Ziga reservoir, and 1.267 mg/L in the Bagré fresh waterbody. As for ortho phosphate, mean values are 0.357 mg/L in the Goinré reservoir, 0.157 mg/L in the Ziga reservoir and 0.123 mg/L in the Bagré reservoir. These average values are higher than the norms established by Nisbet and Vernaux (1970) for eutrophication. Nitrates and orthophosphate are the elements that contribute to the eutrophication of water surfaces in the Nakanbé basin, although this eutrophication is of low intensity. Of all pesticides encountered in our study sites, 45% are registered by the Sahelian Pesticides Committee (CSP): 35% are non-accredited and 20% are unknown in the global list authorized by the CSP in 2010.

Keywords: Chemical Analyses, Agricultural Practices, Waterbody Pollution, Nakanbé Basin, Eutrophication, Mining Practices

Cite this paper: Millogo, D. , Bazié, M. , Koussoubé, Y. , Zombré, P. and Dapola Da, E. (2018) Assessment of Agricultural and Mining Pollutions of Waterbodies within the Nakanbé Basin (Burkina Faso): The Case of the Goinré, Ziga and Bagré Reservoirs. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 10, 41-58. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2018.101003.

References

[1]   Aronson, J., Floret, C., Le Floc’h, E., Ovalle, C. and Pontanier, R. (1993) Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Ecosystems in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. A View from the South. Restoration Ecology, 1, 8-17.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00004.x

[2]   Morin, J. (1993) Soil Crusting and Sealing in West Africa and Possible Approaches to Improved Management. Soil Tillage in Africa: Needs and Challenges, FAO Soils Bulletin, 69, 95-128.

[3]   Ministère de l'Agriculture de l'Hydraulique et des Ressources Halieutiques—MAHRH (2004) Document de Stratégie de Développement Rural à l’Horizon 2010. Version définitive, Ouagadougou, 99.

[4]   Sedogo, M.P. (1993) Evolution des sols ferrugineux lessivés sous culture: influence des modes de gestion sur la fertilité. Thèse de Docteur Es-Sciences, Université Nationale de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan.

[5]   Institut national de la statistique et de la démographie (Burkina Faso) (2016) Récensement général de la populations. Ouagadougou.

[6]   Pravin, U.S., Kalpana, U.N. and Ram, S.L. (2011) Impact Assessment of Pollution in Some Lake Water Located at and around Thane City of Maharashtra, India: Physico-Chemical Properties and Toxic Effects of Heavy Metal Content. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review, 12, 215-230.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IER.2011.041819

[7]   Casado, M., Anawar, H.M., Garcia-Sanchez, A. and Santa Regina, I. (2008) Cadmium and Zinc in Polluted Mining Soils and Uptake by Plants (El Losar Mine, Spain). International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 33, 146-159.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2008.019389

[8]   Banat, K.M., Howari, F.M. and Al-Shatnawi, S.Y. (2006) Stability and Environmental Geochemical Profile of Toxic Heavy Metals in Soils around a Crude Oil Refinery. International Journal of Environment and Pollution (IJEP), 28, No. 1/2.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2006.010882

[9]   Somé, K., Dembélé, Y., Somé, L. and Millogo, J. (2008) Pollution des eaux dans le basin du Nakanbé : cas des réservoirs de Loumbila et de Mogtédo au Burkina Faso. Revue Sud Sciences et Technologies, ISSN 0796-5419, 16, 14-22.

[10]   Guinko, S. (1984) Végétation de la Haute-Volta. Thèse de doctorat d'Etat, Université de Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, tomes 1 et 2, 394 p + annexes.

[11]   Nisbet, M. and Verneaux, J. (1970) Composantes chimiques des eaux courantes. Discussion et proposition de classes en tant que bases d’interprétation des analyses chimiques. Annales de Liminologie, 6, 16-90.
https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1970015

[12]   Toé, A.M. (2010) étude pilote des intoxications dues aux pesticides agricoles au Burkina Faso. Rapport Final. Secrétariat de la Convention de Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 103 p.

[13]   Nébié, O. (2005) Expérience de peuplement et stratégies de développement dans la vallée du Nakanbé Burkina Faso. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Neuchatel (Suisse), Neuchatel, 353 p.

[14]   Ossana, N.A., Eissa, B.L. and Salibian, A. (2009) Cadmium Bioconcentration and Genotoxicity in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). International Journal of Environment and Health, 3, 302-309.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJENVH.2009.028596

[15]   Yacouba, H., Da, D.E.C., Yonkeu, S., Zombre, P.N. and Soule, M. (2002) Caractérisation du ruissellement et de l'érosion hydrique dans le bassin supérieur du Nakanbé (Burkina Faso). 5ème Conférence Inter-Régionale sur l'environnement et l'Eau-Envirowater, 5-8 November 2002, Ouagadougou, 318-325.

[16]   Akkoyunlu, A. and Ileri, R. (2003) Evaluation of Eutrophication Process in Lake Sapanca (Sakarya, Turkey). International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 19, 576-602.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.2003.004340

[17]   Maiga, A.H., Konaté, Y., Denyigba, K., Karambiri, H. and Wethé, J. (2007) Eutrophisation et comblement des petites retenues d’eau en zone soudano-sahélienne du Burkina Faso. Actes des Journées Scientifiques Inter-Réseaux de l’Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (JSIRAUF), Hanoi, 6-7 november 2007, 60 p.

[18]   Secrétariat Permanent du Conseil National pour le développement durable (SP/CONEDD) (2010) Troisième rapport sur l’état de l’environnement au Burkina Faso. 263 p.