Outcome Measures of a Family-Based Education Approach with Mexican Immigrants in the Yakima Valley
ABSTRACT
With the continued incidence of obesity and health related issues in the United States and especially in the Hispanic population, it is important to provide useful healthy life education to this population. One of the barriers to providing this information is the lack of culture sensitivity in the content and presentation of current programs. In this pilot study, pre and post tests were used to measure the effectiveness of Salsa, Sabor, y Salud, a culturally sensitive program designed for Latinos. Outcome measures included dietary changes, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, reported physical activity, and healthy life score. Diet was evaluated by 24-hour diet recall for both adults and children. Difference in outcome measures was assessed using a dependent t test. Significant decreases in weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, kilocalories, and grams of carbohydrates were observed. Adults reported an increase in total minutes of physical activity and the importance of living a healthy life . This culturally sensitive education program, Salsa, Sabor, y Salud, has a positive effect on health related outcome measures.
With the continued incidence of obesity and health related issues in the United States and especially in the Hispanic population, it is important to provide useful healthy life education to this population. One of the barriers to providing this information is the lack of culture sensitivity in the content and presentation of current programs. In this pilot study, pre and post tests were used to measure the effectiveness of Salsa, Sabor, y Salud, a culturally sensitive program designed for Latinos. Outcome measures included dietary changes, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, reported physical activity, and healthy life score. Diet was evaluated by 24-hour diet recall for both adults and children. Difference in outcome measures was assessed using a dependent t test. Significant decreases in weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, kilocalories, and grams of carbohydrates were observed. Adults reported an increase in total minutes of physical activity and the importance of living a healthy life . This culturally sensitive education program, Salsa, Sabor, y Salud, has a positive effect on health related outcome measures.
Cite this paper
nullBennett, V. & Sundsmo-Switzer, C. (2011). Outcome Measures of a Family-Based Education Approach with Mexican Immigrants in the Yakima Valley. Creative Education, 2, 370-374. doi: 10.4236/ce.2011.24052.
nullBennett, V. & Sundsmo-Switzer, C. (2011). Outcome Measures of a Family-Based Education Approach with Mexican Immigrants in the Yakima Valley. Creative Education, 2, 370-374. doi: 10.4236/ce.2011.24052.
References
[1] Barrera, R., Garza, J., Guido, C., Leija, M., Lester, M., Lobo, B., et al. (2002). Salsa, Sabor y Salud: A healthy lifestyles program for young Latinos. Facilitators Guide Los Ninos Y Los Chicos. San Antonio: National Latino Children’s Institute, in collaboration with Kraft Foods Corporations. [2] Bermudez, O., Falcon, L., & Tucker, K. (2000). Intake and food sources of macronutrients among older Hispanic adults: Association with ethnicity, acculturation, and length of residence in the United States. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100, 665-673. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00195-4 [3] Biggard, J., Frederiksen, K., Tjonnelan, A., Thomsen, B., Overvad, K., Heitmann, B., et al. (2005). Waist circumference and body composition in relation to all cause mortality in middle aged men and women. International Journal of Obesity, 29, 778-784. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802976 [4] Block, G., Norris, J., Mandel, R., & DiSogra, C. (1995). Sources of energy and six nutrients in diets of low-income Hispanic-American women and their children: Quantitative data from NHANES, 1982- 1984. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95, 195-208. [5] Brown, S., Kouzekanani, K., Garcia, A., & Hanis, C. (2002). Culturally competent diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans. Diabetes Care, 25, 259-268. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.259 [6] Centers for Disease Control (2010). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system: Prevalence and trends data 2010. http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/list.asp?cat=OB&yr=2010&qkey=4409&state=All [7] Center for Prevention Research and Development (2005). An executive summary of the evaluation of the Salsa, Sabor y Salud program. Chicago: Kraft’s Foods. [8] Crespo, C., Keteyian, S., Heath, G., & Sempos, C. (1996). Leisure-time physical activity among US adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, 93-98. doi:10.1001/archinte.156.1.93 [9] Crespo, C., Smit, E., Anderson, R., Carter-Pokras, O., & Ainsworth, B. (2000). Race/ethnicity, social class and their relation to physical inactivity during leisure time: Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-1994. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18, 46-53. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00105-1 [10] Dixon, L., Sundquist, J., & Winkleby, M. (2000). Differences in energy, nutrient, and food intakes in a US sample of Mexican-American women and men: Findings from 3rd NHANES. American Journal of Epidemiology, 152, 548-557. doi:10.1093/aje/152.6.548 [11] Doty, M. (2003). Hispanic patients double burden: Lack of health insurance and limited English. The Common Wealth Fund. [12] Flegal, K., Ogden, C., & Carroll, M. (2004). Prevalence and trends in overweight in Mexican-American adults and children. Nutrition Reviews, 62, S144-148. [13] Gilmer, T., Philis-Tsimikas, A., & Walker, C. (2005). Outcomes of project dulce: A culturally specific diabetes management program. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 39, 817-822. doi:10.1345/aph.1E583 [14] Guendelman, S., & Abrams, B. (1995). Dietary intake among Mexican-American women: Generational differences and a comparison with white non-Hispanic women. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 20-25. doi:10.2105/AJPH.85.1.20 [15] Huang, D., La Torre, D., Oh, C., Harven, A., Huber, L., Leon, S., et al. (2008). An executive summary of the Afterschool Experience in Salsa, Sabor Y Salud evaluation 2007-2008. Los Angeles: CRESST/University of CA. [16] Lichtenstein, A., Appel, L., Brands, M., Carnethon, M., Daniels, S., Franch, H., et al. (2006). Diet and lifestyle recommendation revision 2006: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association nutrition committee. Journal of the American Heart Association, 114, 82-96. [17] Loria, C., Bush, T., Carroll, M., Looker, A., McDowell, M., Johnson, C., et al. (1995). Macronutrient intakes among adult Hispanics: A comparison of Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Mainland Puerto Ricans. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 684-689. doi:10.2105/AJPH.85.5.684 [18] Mauldon, M., Melkus, G., & Cagganello, M. (2006). Tomando control: A culturally appropriate diabetes education program for Spanish- speaking individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Evaluation of a pilot project. The Diabetes Educator, 32, 751-760. [19] Mier, N., Ory, M., Dongling, Z., Wang, S., & Furdine, J. (2007). Levels and correlates of exercise in border Mexican American population. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31, 159-169. [20] Mokad, A., Ford, E., Bowman, B., Dietz, W., Vinicor, F., Bales, V., et al. (2003). Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 76-79. doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.76 [21] Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E., Field, A., Colditz, G., & Dietz, H. (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1523-1529. doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 [22] Neuhouser, M., Thompson, B., Coronado, G., & Solomon, C. (2004). Higher fat intake and lower fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater acculturation among Mexicans living in Washington State. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 51-57. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.015 [23] Ogden, C., Carrol, M., Curtin, L., McDowell, M., Tabak, C., & Flegal, K. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1549- 1555. doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 [24] Slatttery, M., Sweeney, C., Edwards, S., Herrick, J., Murtaugh, M., Baumgartner, K., et al. (2006). Physical activity patterns and obesity in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33-41. [25] Venkat Narayan, K., Boyle, J., Thompson, T., Sorensen, S., & Wiliamson, D. (2003). Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 1884- 1890. doi:10.1001/jama.290.14.1884 [26] Wang, Y., & Beydoun, M. (2007). The Obesity Epidemic in the United States—Gender, Age, Socioeconomic, Racial/Ethnic, and Geographic Characteristics: A Systematic Review. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 6- 28. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm007 [27] Wilbur, J., Chandler, P., Dancy, B., & Lee, H. (2003). Correlates of physical activity in urban Midwestern Latinas. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 69-76.
[1] Barrera, R., Garza, J., Guido, C., Leija, M., Lester, M., Lobo, B., et al. (2002). Salsa, Sabor y Salud: A healthy lifestyles program for young Latinos. Facilitators Guide Los Ninos Y Los Chicos. San Antonio: National Latino Children’s Institute, in collaboration with Kraft Foods Corporations. [2] Bermudez, O., Falcon, L., & Tucker, K. (2000). Intake and food sources of macronutrients among older Hispanic adults: Association with ethnicity, acculturation, and length of residence in the United States. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100, 665-673. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(00)00195-4 [3] Biggard, J., Frederiksen, K., Tjonnelan, A., Thomsen, B., Overvad, K., Heitmann, B., et al. (2005). Waist circumference and body composition in relation to all cause mortality in middle aged men and women. International Journal of Obesity, 29, 778-784. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802976 [4] Block, G., Norris, J., Mandel, R., & DiSogra, C. (1995). Sources of energy and six nutrients in diets of low-income Hispanic-American women and their children: Quantitative data from NHANES, 1982- 1984. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95, 195-208. [5] Brown, S., Kouzekanani, K., Garcia, A., & Hanis, C. (2002). Culturally competent diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans. Diabetes Care, 25, 259-268. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.259 [6] Centers for Disease Control (2010). Behavioral risk factor surveillance system: Prevalence and trends data 2010. http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss/list.asp?cat=OB&yr=2010&qkey=4409&state=All [7] Center for Prevention Research and Development (2005). An executive summary of the evaluation of the Salsa, Sabor y Salud program. Chicago: Kraft’s Foods. [8] Crespo, C., Keteyian, S., Heath, G., & Sempos, C. (1996). Leisure-time physical activity among US adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, 93-98. doi:10.1001/archinte.156.1.93 [9] Crespo, C., Smit, E., Anderson, R., Carter-Pokras, O., & Ainsworth, B. (2000). Race/ethnicity, social class and their relation to physical inactivity during leisure time: Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-1994. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18, 46-53. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00105-1 [10] Dixon, L., Sundquist, J., & Winkleby, M. (2000). Differences in energy, nutrient, and food intakes in a US sample of Mexican-American women and men: Findings from 3rd NHANES. American Journal of Epidemiology, 152, 548-557. doi:10.1093/aje/152.6.548 [11] Doty, M. (2003). Hispanic patients double burden: Lack of health insurance and limited English. The Common Wealth Fund. [12] Flegal, K., Ogden, C., & Carroll, M. (2004). Prevalence and trends in overweight in Mexican-American adults and children. Nutrition Reviews, 62, S144-148. [13] Gilmer, T., Philis-Tsimikas, A., & Walker, C. (2005). Outcomes of project dulce: A culturally specific diabetes management program. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 39, 817-822. doi:10.1345/aph.1E583 [14] Guendelman, S., & Abrams, B. (1995). Dietary intake among Mexican-American women: Generational differences and a comparison with white non-Hispanic women. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 20-25. doi:10.2105/AJPH.85.1.20 [15] Huang, D., La Torre, D., Oh, C., Harven, A., Huber, L., Leon, S., et al. (2008). An executive summary of the Afterschool Experience in Salsa, Sabor Y Salud evaluation 2007-2008. Los Angeles: CRESST/University of CA. [16] Lichtenstein, A., Appel, L., Brands, M., Carnethon, M., Daniels, S., Franch, H., et al. (2006). Diet and lifestyle recommendation revision 2006: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association nutrition committee. Journal of the American Heart Association, 114, 82-96. [17] Loria, C., Bush, T., Carroll, M., Looker, A., McDowell, M., Johnson, C., et al. (1995). Macronutrient intakes among adult Hispanics: A comparison of Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Mainland Puerto Ricans. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 684-689. doi:10.2105/AJPH.85.5.684 [18] Mauldon, M., Melkus, G., & Cagganello, M. (2006). Tomando control: A culturally appropriate diabetes education program for Spanish- speaking individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus-Evaluation of a pilot project. The Diabetes Educator, 32, 751-760. [19] Mier, N., Ory, M., Dongling, Z., Wang, S., & Furdine, J. (2007). Levels and correlates of exercise in border Mexican American population. American Journal of Health Behavior, 31, 159-169. [20] Mokad, A., Ford, E., Bowman, B., Dietz, W., Vinicor, F., Bales, V., et al. (2003). Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 76-79. doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.76 [21] Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E., Field, A., Colditz, G., & Dietz, H. (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1523-1529. doi:10.1001/jama.282.16.1523 [22] Neuhouser, M., Thompson, B., Coronado, G., & Solomon, C. (2004). Higher fat intake and lower fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater acculturation among Mexicans living in Washington State. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 51-57. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.015 [23] Ogden, C., Carrol, M., Curtin, L., McDowell, M., Tabak, C., & Flegal, K. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1549- 1555. doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 [24] Slatttery, M., Sweeney, C., Edwards, S., Herrick, J., Murtaugh, M., Baumgartner, K., et al. (2006). Physical activity patterns and obesity in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33-41. [25] Venkat Narayan, K., Boyle, J., Thompson, T., Sorensen, S., & Wiliamson, D. (2003). Lifetime risk for diabetes mellitus in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, 1884- 1890. doi:10.1001/jama.290.14.1884 [26] Wang, Y., & Beydoun, M. (2007). The Obesity Epidemic in the United States—Gender, Age, Socioeconomic, Racial/Ethnic, and Geographic Characteristics: A Systematic Review. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 6- 28. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm007 [27] Wilbur, J., Chandler, P., Dancy, B., & Lee, H. (2003). Correlates of physical activity in urban Midwestern Latinas. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 69-76.