Evaluation of Fast Flood Diffusion through a Drainage Channel: A Flood Disaster Case Study of Japan’s Kinugawa River, September 10, 2015

Kazuaki  Ohtsuki; Yasuo  Nihei

doi:10.4236/jwarp.2017.99070

Kazuaki Ohtsuki, Yasuo Nihei

Abstract: On September 10, 2015, unprecedented flood was occurred in Kinugawa River basin located on eastern Japan. It inundated 40 km2 of flood plain in Joso city, Ibaraki Prefecture, and more than 4000 people there called for help despite supposedly having sufficient time to evacuate. Some said that small initial flood before main severe flood arrived made them make a mistake in deciding whether to evacuate or stay there, despite having to actually evacuate in reality. This study focused on flood behaviour in this area, in particular, the effect of a small drainage channel lying on the flood plain which caused fast flood diffusion in case of occurring huge overflowing. Field investigations starting on time of the disaster with high-resolution positioning system were conducted to obtain spatial maps of flood depth and height. For appropriate modelling of the effect of small channel, we applied simulation model coupling 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) hydraulic scheme on the field and compared results from the 1D/2D coupled model and model without 1D scheme. The models provided information that the flood could reach 4 hours earlier to the city central of Joso city comparing in case of model without 1D scheme. The water depth rose irregularly and it was more confusing and difficult for the victims to make appropriate evacuation act.

Keywords: Flood Diffusion, 1- and 2-Dimensional Coupled Flood Simulation, Channel, Kinugawa River

Cite this paper: Ohtsuki, K. and Nihei, Y. (2017) Evaluation of Fast Flood Diffusion through a Drainage Channel: A Flood Disaster Case Study of Japan’s Kinugawa River, September 10, 2015. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 9, 1063-1081. doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2017.99070.

References

[1] Domingo, N.S., Refsgaard, A., Mark, O. and Paludan, B. (2010) Flood Analysis in Mixed-Urban Areas Reflecting Interactions with the Complete Water Cycle through Coupled Hydrologic-Hydraulic Modelling. Water Science & Technology, 62, 1386-1392.
http://wst.iwaponline.com/content/62/6/1386

[2] Leandro, J., Chen, A.S., Djordjevic, S. and Savic, D.A. (2009) Comparison of 1D/1D and 1D/2D Coupled (Sewer/Surface) Hydraulic Models for Urban Flood Simulation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135, 495-504.
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000037
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000037

[3] Tayefi, V., Lane, S.N., Hardy, R.J. and Yu, D. (2007) A Comparison of One- and Two-Dimensional Approaches to Modelling Flood Inundation over Complex Upland Floodplains. Hydrological Processes, 21, 3190-3202.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.6523/abstra
ct https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6523

[4] Han, K.Y., Lee, J.T. and Park, J.H. (1998) Flood Inundation Analysis Resulting from Levee-Break. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 36, 747-759.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221689809
498600 https://doi.org/10.1080/00221689809498600

[5] Mark, O., Weesakul, S., Apirumanekul, C., Aroonnet, S.B. and Djordjevic, S. (2004) Potential and Limitations of 1D Modelling of Urban Flooding. Journal of Hydrology, 299, 284-299.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(04)00373-7
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169404003737

[6] Vanderkrimpen, P., Melger, E. and Peeters, P.L. (2009) Flood Risk Management: Research and Practice: Flood Modeling for Risk Evaluation—A MIKE FLOOD vs. SOBEK 1D2D Benchmark Study. Taylor & Francis, London, 77-84.

[7] The Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (2016) Summary of Damages by Heavy Rain and Flooding on September, 2015 (2016/2/19 12:00 in Press) (Heisei 27 nen 9 gatsu Kanto-Tohoku Gouu ni yoru higai jokyo tou ni tsuite). [In Japanese]
http://www.bousai.go.jp/updates/h27typhoon18/pdf/h27typhoon18_28.pdf

[8] Ibaraki Prefecture Government (2015) Summary of Damages and Response in Heavy Rain and Flooding on September, 2015 (Heisei 27 nen 9 gatsu Kanto-Tohoku Gouu ni yoru honken no hidai oyobi taiou ni tsuite) (2015/9/29 16:00 in press). [In Japanese]
http://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/1saigai/201509/09291600.html

[9] Ushiyama, M. (2016) Characteristics of Victims of the September 2015 Heavy Rainfall Disaster in the Kanto and Tohoku District. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Series B1, 72, I_1297-I_1302. [In Japanese with English Abstract]
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscejhe/72/4/72_I_1297/_article/-char/en/

[10] Sayama, H. and Takara, K. (2016) Estimation of Inundation Depth Distribution for the Kinu River Flooding by 2015.09 Kanto-Tohoku Heavy Rainfall. Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Series B1, 72, I_1171-I_1176. [In Japanese]
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jscejhe/72/4/72_I_1171/_article

[11] Sekine, M. and Ikeda, R. (2014) Numerical Simulation of Inundation in Lowland Areas of East Tokyo. Proceedings of Hydraulic Engineering, 70, I_1429-I_1434. [In Japanese with English Abstract]
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/prohe1990/52/0/52_0_859/_article