Qualitative analysis of re mineralized carious lesions subjected to fluoride supplement through confocal laser scanning microscope
ABSTRACT
Aim: 1] Comparative evaluation of the linear depth of induced remineralized lesions after subjecting to fluoride supplements and 2] To assess the average fluorescence at both the demineralized and the remi-neralized zones in all the three study groups under confocal laser scanning microscope. Method: Forty five sound human premolars extracted for orthodon-tic reasons were decoronated 1 mm below the ce-mento-enamel junction and coated with nail varnish except for a 3 × 3 mm window on the buccal surface. The samples were placed in 50 ml of de mineralizing solution at pH 4.6 for 96 hours. Following deminera-lization, the lower half of the 3 × 3 mm window in all the samples were covered with nail varnish to serve as control. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of fifteen teeth each (n = 15) and speci-mens in group A[Nfd] were remineralized using non-fluoridated dentifrice [control], those in groups B [Fd5] and group C [Fd10] using 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of fluoride containing dentifrice, respectively. The specimens were subjected to a 20 day reminera-lization treatment regimen and were sectioned into 100 µm thick sections and two images were captured on the buccal surface from either side of the midpoint of occluso-cervical length using confocal laser scan-ning microscope [CLSM]. Results: were tabulated and statistically analyzed by Anova. Study concluded that 1000 ppm fluoridated dentifrice showed a greater degree of remineralization than other groups and confocal laser scanning microscopes gives promising results in the diagnosis of early enamel lesions over the conventional methods.
Aim: 1] Comparative evaluation of the linear depth of induced remineralized lesions after subjecting to fluoride supplements and 2] To assess the average fluorescence at both the demineralized and the remi-neralized zones in all the three study groups under confocal laser scanning microscope. Method: Forty five sound human premolars extracted for orthodon-tic reasons were decoronated 1 mm below the ce-mento-enamel junction and coated with nail varnish except for a 3 × 3 mm window on the buccal surface. The samples were placed in 50 ml of de mineralizing solution at pH 4.6 for 96 hours. Following deminera-lization, the lower half of the 3 × 3 mm window in all the samples were covered with nail varnish to serve as control. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of fifteen teeth each (n = 15) and speci-mens in group A[Nfd] were remineralized using non-fluoridated dentifrice [control], those in groups B [Fd5] and group C [Fd10] using 500 ppm and 1000 ppm of fluoride containing dentifrice, respectively. The specimens were subjected to a 20 day reminera-lization treatment regimen and were sectioned into 100 µm thick sections and two images were captured on the buccal surface from either side of the midpoint of occluso-cervical length using confocal laser scan-ning microscope [CLSM]. Results: were tabulated and statistically analyzed by Anova. Study concluded that 1000 ppm fluoridated dentifrice showed a greater degree of remineralization than other groups and confocal laser scanning microscopes gives promising results in the diagnosis of early enamel lesions over the conventional methods.
Cite this paper
nullShashikala, K. and Sheela, N. (2011) Qualitative analysis of re mineralized carious lesions subjected to fluoride supplement through confocal laser scanning microscope. Open Journal of Stomatology, 1, 55-60. doi: 10.4236/ojst.2011.13010.
nullShashikala, K. and Sheela, N. (2011) Qualitative analysis of re mineralized carious lesions subjected to fluoride supplement through confocal laser scanning microscope. Open Journal of Stomatology, 1, 55-60. doi: 10.4236/ojst.2011.13010.
References
[1] Sturdevant, C.M., Roberson, T.M. and Heymann, H.O. (2006) The art and science of operative dentistry. 5th Edition, Mosby Publishers. [2] Queiroz, C.S. and Hara, A.T. (2008) PH-cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride dentifrice on enamel de- and remineralization. Brazilian Dental Journal, 19, 21-27. doi:10.1590/S0103-64402008000100004 [3] Kishen, A., Shrestha, A. and Rafique, A. (2008) Fiber optic backscatter spectroscopic sensor to monitor enamel demineralization and remineralization in vitro. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 11, 63-70. doi:10.4103/0972-0707.44053 [4] Ferriera-Zandona, A.G., Analoui, M. and Beiswanger, B.B. (1998) An in vitro comparison between laser fluorescence and visual examination for detection of demineralization in occlusal pits and fissures. Caries Research, 32, 210-218. doi:10.1159/000016455 [5] Hicks, J., Garcia-Godoy, F. and Flaitz, C. (2004) Biolog-ical factors in dental caries: role of saliva and dental plaque in the dynamic process of demineralization and re-mineralisation (Part II). Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 28, 119-124. [6] Kumar, V.L.N., Itthagarun, A. and King, N.M. (2008) The effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on the remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions: An in vitro study. Australian Dental Journal, 53, 34-40. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.00006.x [7] Zaura, E., ten Cate, J.M. (2004) Dental plaque as a biofilm: A pilot study of the effects of nutrients on plaque pH and dentin demineralization. Caries Research, 38, 9-15. doi:10.1159/000074357 [8] Fontana, M., Li, Y. and Dunipace, A.J. (1996) Measure-ment of enamel demineralization using microradiography and confocal microscopy. A correlation study. Caries Research, 30, 317-325. doi:10.1159/000262337 [9] Watson, T.F. (1991) Applications of confocal scanning optical microscopy to dentistry. British Dental Journal, 171, 287-291. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4807695 [10] Gonzalez-Cabezas, C. and Fontana, M. (1998) Mea-surement of enamel remineralization using microradio-graphy and confocal microscopy. Caries Research, 32, 385-392. doi:10.1159/000016475 [11] Hall, A.F., DeSchepper, E. and Ando, M. (1997) In vitro studies of laser fluorescence for detection and quantifica-tion of mineral loss from dental caries. Advance Dental Research, 11, 507-514. doi:10.1177/08959374970110041901 [12] Hafstrom-Bjorkman, U. (1996) Comparison of laser fluo-rescence and longitudinal microradiography for quantita-tive assessment of in vitro enamel caries. Caries Research, 26, 241-247. doi:10.1159/000261446 [13] Wefel, J.S. and Harless, J.D. (1984) Comparison of ar-tificial white spots by microradiography and polarized light microscopy. Journal of Dental Research, 63, 1271-1275. doi:10.1177/00220345840630110301
[1] Sturdevant, C.M., Roberson, T.M. and Heymann, H.O. (2006) The art and science of operative dentistry. 5th Edition, Mosby Publishers. [2] Queiroz, C.S. and Hara, A.T. (2008) PH-cycling models to evaluate the effect of low fluoride dentifrice on enamel de- and remineralization. Brazilian Dental Journal, 19, 21-27. doi:10.1590/S0103-64402008000100004 [3] Kishen, A., Shrestha, A. and Rafique, A. (2008) Fiber optic backscatter spectroscopic sensor to monitor enamel demineralization and remineralization in vitro. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 11, 63-70. doi:10.4103/0972-0707.44053 [4] Ferriera-Zandona, A.G., Analoui, M. and Beiswanger, B.B. (1998) An in vitro comparison between laser fluorescence and visual examination for detection of demineralization in occlusal pits and fissures. Caries Research, 32, 210-218. doi:10.1159/000016455 [5] Hicks, J., Garcia-Godoy, F. and Flaitz, C. (2004) Biolog-ical factors in dental caries: role of saliva and dental plaque in the dynamic process of demineralization and re-mineralisation (Part II). Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 28, 119-124. [6] Kumar, V.L.N., Itthagarun, A. and King, N.M. (2008) The effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on the remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions: An in vitro study. Australian Dental Journal, 53, 34-40. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.00006.x [7] Zaura, E., ten Cate, J.M. (2004) Dental plaque as a biofilm: A pilot study of the effects of nutrients on plaque pH and dentin demineralization. Caries Research, 38, 9-15. doi:10.1159/000074357 [8] Fontana, M., Li, Y. and Dunipace, A.J. (1996) Measure-ment of enamel demineralization using microradiography and confocal microscopy. A correlation study. Caries Research, 30, 317-325. doi:10.1159/000262337 [9] Watson, T.F. (1991) Applications of confocal scanning optical microscopy to dentistry. British Dental Journal, 171, 287-291. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4807695 [10] Gonzalez-Cabezas, C. and Fontana, M. (1998) Mea-surement of enamel remineralization using microradio-graphy and confocal microscopy. Caries Research, 32, 385-392. doi:10.1159/000016475 [11] Hall, A.F., DeSchepper, E. and Ando, M. (1997) In vitro studies of laser fluorescence for detection and quantifica-tion of mineral loss from dental caries. Advance Dental Research, 11, 507-514. doi:10.1177/08959374970110041901 [12] Hafstrom-Bjorkman, U. (1996) Comparison of laser fluo-rescence and longitudinal microradiography for quantita-tive assessment of in vitro enamel caries. Caries Research, 26, 241-247. doi:10.1159/000261446 [13] Wefel, J.S. and Harless, J.D. (1984) Comparison of ar-tificial white spots by microradiography and polarized light microscopy. Journal of Dental Research, 63, 1271-1275. doi:10.1177/00220345840630110301