The Precise Inner Solutions of Gravity Field Equations of Hollow and Solid Spheres and the Theorem of Singularity
Author(s)
Xiaochu Mei
ABSTRACT
The precise inner solutions of gravity field equations of hollow and solid spheres are calculated in this paper. To avoid space curvature infinite at the center of solid sphere, we set an integral constant to be zero directly at present. However, according to the theory of differential equation, the integral constant should be determined by the known boundary conditions of spherical surface, in stead of the metric at the spherical center. By considering that fact that the volumes of three dimensional hollow and solid spheres in curved space are different from that in flat space, the integral constants are proved to be nonzero. The results indicate that no matter what the masses and densities of hollow sphere and solid sphere are, there exist space-time singularities at the centers of hollow sphere and solid spheres. Meanwhile, the intensity of pressure at the center point of solid sphere can not be infinite. That is to say, the material can not collapse towards the center of so-called black hole. At the center and its neighboring region of solid sphere, pressure intensities become negative values. There may be a region for hollow sphere in which pressure intensities may become negative values too. The common hollow and solid spheres in daily live can not have such impenetrable characteristics. The results only indicate that the singularity black holes predicated by general relativity are caused by the descriptive method of curved space-time actually. If black holes exist really in the universe, they can only be the Newtonian black holes, not the Einstein’s black holes. The results revealed in the paper are consistent with the Hawking theorem of singularity actually. They can be considered as the practical examples of the theorem.
The precise inner solutions of gravity field equations of hollow and solid spheres are calculated in this paper. To avoid space curvature infinite at the center of solid sphere, we set an integral constant to be zero directly at present. However, according to the theory of differential equation, the integral constant should be determined by the known boundary conditions of spherical surface, in stead of the metric at the spherical center. By considering that fact that the volumes of three dimensional hollow and solid spheres in curved space are different from that in flat space, the integral constants are proved to be nonzero. The results indicate that no matter what the masses and densities of hollow sphere and solid sphere are, there exist space-time singularities at the centers of hollow sphere and solid spheres. Meanwhile, the intensity of pressure at the center point of solid sphere can not be infinite. That is to say, the material can not collapse towards the center of so-called black hole. At the center and its neighboring region of solid sphere, pressure intensities become negative values. There may be a region for hollow sphere in which pressure intensities may become negative values too. The common hollow and solid spheres in daily live can not have such impenetrable characteristics. The results only indicate that the singularity black holes predicated by general relativity are caused by the descriptive method of curved space-time actually. If black holes exist really in the universe, they can only be the Newtonian black holes, not the Einstein’s black holes. The results revealed in the paper are consistent with the Hawking theorem of singularity actually. They can be considered as the practical examples of the theorem.
KEYWORDS
General Relativity, Inner Solutions of Hollow and Solid Spheres, Black Hole, Theorem of Singularity
General Relativity, Inner Solutions of Hollow and Solid Spheres, Black Hole, Theorem of Singularity
Cite this paper
nullX. Mei, "The Precise Inner Solutions of Gravity Field Equations of Hollow and Solid Spheres and the Theorem of Singularity," International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 1 No. 3, 2011, pp. 109-116. doi: 10.4236/ijaa.2011.13016.
nullX. Mei, "The Precise Inner Solutions of Gravity Field Equations of Hollow and Solid Spheres and the Theorem of Singularity," International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 1 No. 3, 2011, pp. 109-116. doi: 10.4236/ijaa.2011.13016.
References
[1] J. R. Oppenheimer and H. Snyder, “On Continued Gravitational Contraction,” Physical Review, Vol. 56, No. 5, 1939, pp. 455-459. [2] Zhang Yongli, “Introduce to Relativity,” The Publishing Company of Yunnan People, Kunming, 1989, p. 388. [3] L. B. Feng, X. C. Liu and M. C. Li, “Genarel Relativity,” Jilin Science Publishing Company, Jilin, 1995, p. 109. [4] S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Eills, “The Large Scale Structure of Space Time,” Cambridge University Press, New York, 1972. [5] R. E. Schild, D. J. Leiter and S. L. Robertson, “Black Hole or Meco: Decided by a thin Luminous Ring Structure Deep within Quasar Q0957 + 561,” Journal of Cosmology, Vol. 6, 2010, pp.1400-1437.
[1] J. R. Oppenheimer and H. Snyder, “On Continued Gravitational Contraction,” Physical Review, Vol. 56, No. 5, 1939, pp. 455-459. [2] Zhang Yongli, “Introduce to Relativity,” The Publishing Company of Yunnan People, Kunming, 1989, p. 388. [3] L. B. Feng, X. C. Liu and M. C. Li, “Genarel Relativity,” Jilin Science Publishing Company, Jilin, 1995, p. 109. [4] S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Eills, “The Large Scale Structure of Space Time,” Cambridge University Press, New York, 1972. [5] R. E. Schild, D. J. Leiter and S. L. Robertson, “Black Hole or Meco: Decided by a thin Luminous Ring Structure Deep within Quasar Q0957 + 561,” Journal of Cosmology, Vol. 6, 2010, pp.1400-1437.