Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyaniline/ZnO Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericidal Property

Alireza  Samzadeh-Kermani; Mohsen  Mirzaee; Mansour  Ghaffari-Moghaddam

doi:10.4236/abc.2016.61001

Alireza Samzadeh-Kermani^*, Mohsen Mirzaee, Mansour Ghaffari-Moghaddam

Abstract: In this study, a new nanocomposite based on Polyvinylalcohol/Polyaniline/Zinc oxide (PVA/PANi/ ZnO) was successfully synthesized. ZnO powder was used to produce its nanoparticles (NPs) using conventional method. PVA/PANi composite was used to produce ZnO NPs. Polyaniline was synthesized in sol solution of PVA in the presence of ammonium persulphate. Morphology and the size of ZnO NPs in nanocomposites were studied via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. According to XRD results, the average size of prepared ZnO NPs was found to be at the range 22 - 34 nm. SEM images were shown hexagonal shape for ZnO NPs, which was used for the investigation of antibacterial property. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the prepared ZnO NPs and nanocomposites was evaluated against two bacteria of Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative Escherichia col using paper disc diffusion method. The results were shown that the prepared nanocomposites were effective against two bacteria.

Keywords: Nanostructure, Polymers, Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectroscopy, Antibacterial

Cite this paper: Samzadeh-Kermani, A. , Mirzaee, M. and Ghaffari-Moghaddam, M. (2016) Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyaniline/ZnO Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericidal Property. Advances in Biological Chemistry, 6, 1-11. doi: 10.4236/abc.2016.61001.

References

[1] Zhou, B. and Balee, R. (2005) Groenendaal, Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Catalysts: Technologies and Markets. Nanotech. Law Business, 2, 222.

[2] Peukert, W., Schwarzer, H.C., Gotzinger, M., Gunther, L. and Stenger, F. (2003) Control of Particle Interfaces—The Critical Issue in Nanoparticle Technology. Advanced Powder Technology, 14, 411-426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855203769710645

[3] Sun, C., Lee, J.S. and Zhang, M. (2008) Magnetic Na-noparticles in MR Imaging and Drug Delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1252-1265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.018

[4] Ko, S.H., Park, I., Pan, H., Grigoropoulos, C.P., Pisano, A.P., Luscombe, C.K. and Fréchet, J.M. (2007) Direct Nano- imprinting of Metal Nanoparticles for Nanoscale Electronics Fabrication. Nano Letters, 7, 1869-1877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl070333v

[5] Patil, S., Shinde, S. and Rajpure, K. (2013) Physical Properties of Spray Deposited Ni-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films. Ceramics International, 39, 3901-3907.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.10.234

[6] Labuayai, S., Promarak, V. and Maensiri, S. (2009) Synthesis and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powders Prepared by a Direct Thermal Decomposition Route. Applied Physics A, 94, 755-761.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4984-2

[7] Suwanboon, S., Amornpitoksuk, P., Bangrak, P. and Randorn, C. (2014) Physical and Chemical Properties of Multifunctional ZnO Nanostructures Prepared by Precipitation and Hydrothermal Methods. Ceramics International, 40, 975-983.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.06.094

[8] Yilmaz, S., Nisar, J., Atasoy, Y., McGlynn, E., Ahuja, R., Parlak, M. and Bacaksiz, E. (2013) Defect-Induced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in B-Doped ZnO. Ceramics International, 39, 4609-4617.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.11.060

[9] Suwanboon, S., Amornpitoksuk, P., Sukolrat, A. and Muensit, N. (2013) Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of La-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared via Precipitation and Mechanical Milling Method. Ceramics International, 39, 2811-2819.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.050

[10] Yu, A., Qian, J., Pan, H., Cui, Y., Xu, M., Tu, L., Chai, Q. and Zhou, X. (2011) Micro-Lotus Constructed by Fe-Doped ZnO Hierarchically Porous Nanosheets: Preparation, Characterization and Gas Sensing Property. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 158, 9-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.03.052

[11] Zhang, C. (2007) The Influence of Post-Growth Annealing on Optical and Electrical Properties of P-Type ZnO Films. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 10, 215-221.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2008.01.001

[12] Seo, M., Jung, Y., Lim, D., Cho, D. and Jeong, Y. (2013) Piezoe-lectric and Field Emitted Properties of Controlled ZnO Nanorods on CNT Yarns. Materials Letters, 92, 177-180.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.10.076

[13] Li, R., Yabe, S., Yamashita, M., Momose, S., Yoshida, S., Yin, S. and Sato, T. (2002) Synthesis and UV-Shielding Properties of ZnO- and CaO-Doped CeO2 via Soft Solution Chemical Process. Solid State Ionics, 151, 235-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00715-4

[14] Qin, L., Shing, C., Sawyer, S. and Dutta, P.S. (2011) Enhanced Ultraviolet Sensitivity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Photoconductors by Surface Passivation. Optical Materials, 33, 359-362.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2010.09.020

[15] Mousa, M., Bayoumy, W. and Khairy, M. (2013) Characterization and Photo-Chemical Applications of Nano-ZnO Prepared by Wet Chemical and Thermal Decomposition Methods. Materials Research Bulletin, 48, 4576-4582.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.07.050

[16] Talebian, N., Amininezhad, S.M. and Doudi, M. (2013) Controllable Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Morphology-Dependent Antibacterial and Optical Properties. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 120, 66-73.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.004

[17] Lee, S.D., Nam, S.H., Kim, M.H. and Boo, J.H. (2012) Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Spray-Pyrolysis Method. Physics Procedia, 32, 320-326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.563

[18] Sharma, D., Sharma, S., Kaith, B., Rajput, J. and Kaur, M. (2011) Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Surfactant Free In-Air and Microwave Method. Applied Surface Science, 257, 9661-9672.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.06.094

[19] Kazeminezhad, I., Sadollahkhani, A. and Farbod, M. (2013) Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Flower-Like Nanostructures Using Nonsono- and Sono-Electrooxidation Methods. Materials Letters, 92, 29-32.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.10.064

[20] Ba-Abbad, M.M., Kadhum, A.A.H., Bakar Mohamad, A., Takriff, M.S. and Sopian, K. (2013) The Effect of Process Parameters on the Size of ZnO Na-noparticles Synthesized via the Sol-Gel Technique. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 550, 63-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.076

[21] Aneesh, P.M., Vanaja, K.A. and Jayaraj, M.K. (2007) Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method. Proceedings of SPIE, 6639, 66390J-1-66390J-9.

[22] Stankovic, A., Veselinovic, L., Skapin, S., Markovic, S. and Uskokovic, D. (2011) Controlled Mechanochemically Assisted Synthesis of ZnO Nanopowders in the Presence of Oxalic Acid. Journal of Materials Science, 46, 3716-3724.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5273-6

[23] Sawai, J., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, A., Kokugan, T. and Shimizu, M. (1995) Evaluation of Growth Inhibitory Effect of Ceramics Powder Slurry on Bacteria by Conductance Method. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 28, 288-293.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.28.288

[24] Tankhiwale, R. and Bajpai, S. (2012) Preparation, Characterization and Antibacterial Applications of ZnO-Nanoparticles Coated Polyethylene Films for Food Packaging. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 90, 16-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.09.031

[25] Sharma, D., Rajput, J., Kaith, B., Kaur, M. and Sharma, S. (2010) Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Study of Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties. Thin Solid Films, 519, 1224-1229.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.08.073

[26] Tam, K., Djurisic, A., Chan, C., Xi, Y., Tse, C., Leung, Y., Chan, W., Leung, F. and Au, D. (2008) Antibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanorods Prepared by a Hydrothermal Method. Thin Solid Films, 516, 6167-6174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.11.081

[27] Wang, H.H., Shyr, T.W. and Hu, M.S. (1999) The Elastic Property of Polyvinyl Alcohol Gel with Boric Acid as a Cross-Linking Agent. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74, 3046-3052.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19991220)74:13<3046::AID-APP6>3.0.CO;2-1

[28] Scotchford, C., Cascone, M., Downes, S. and Giusti, P. (1998) Osteoblast Responses to Collagen-PVA Bioartificial Polymers in Vitro: The Effects of Cross-Linking Method and Collagen Content. Biomaterials, 19, 1-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(97)00236-6

[29] Chandrakala, H., Ramaraj, B. and Lee, J.H. (2013) Poly-vinyl Alcohol/Carbon Coated Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: Electrical, Optical, Structural and Morphological Characteristics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 580, 392-400.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.091

[30] Hebeish, A., Abdelhady, M. and Youssef, A. (2013) TiO2 Nanowire and TiO2 Nanowire Doped Ag-PVP Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial and Self-Cleaning Cotton Textile. Carbohydrate Polymers, 91, 549-559.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.068

[31] Shin, J., Kim, Y., Lee, K., Lim, Y.M. and Nho, Y.C. (2008) Significant Effects of Sodium Acetate, an Impurity Present in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Solution on the Radiolytic Formation of Silver Nanoparticle. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 77, 871-876.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.12.006

[32] Cruz-Silva, R., Ruiz-Flores, C., Arizmendi, L., Romero-Garcia, J., Arias-Marin, E., Moggio, I., Castillon, F. and Farias, M. (2006) Enzymatic Synthesis of Colloidal Poly-aniline Particles. Polymer, 47, 1563-1568.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.12.082

[33] Sarno, D.M., Manohar, S.K. and MacDiarmid, A.G. (2005) Controlled Interconversion of Semiconducting and Metallic Forms of Polyaniline Nanofibers. Synthetic Metals, 148, 237-243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.09.038

[34] Stejskal, J. and Gilbert, R. (2002) Polyaniline. Preparation of a Conducting Polymer (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 857-867.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274050857

[35] AbdElhady, M. (2012) Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Imparting Antimicrobial and UV Protection to Cotton Fabric. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2012, 1-6.

[36] Bhadra, J. and Sarkar, D. (2010) Size Variation of Polyaniline Nanoparticles Dispersed in Polyvinyl Alcohol Matrix. Bulletin of Materials Science, 33, 519-523.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-010-0079-8

[37] Hwang, J.J. and Ma, T.W. (2012) Preparation, Morphology, and Antibacterial Properties of Poly Acrylonitrile/Montmorillonite/Silver Nanocomposites. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 136, 613-623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.07.034

[38] Maensiri, S., Laokul, P. and Promarak, V. (2006) Synthesis and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO Powders by a Simple Method Using Zinc Acetate Dihydrate and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). Journal of Crystal Growth, 289, 102-106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.145

[39] Sankara Reddy, B., Venkatramana Reddy, S., Koteeswara Reddy, N. and Pramoda, K. (2013) Synthesis, Structural, Optical Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Co-Doped (Ag, Co) ZnO Nanoparticles. Research Journal of Material Sciences, 1, 11-20.

[40] Guo, M., Diao, P. and Cai, S. (2005) Hydrothermal Growth of Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays: Dependence of Morphology and Alignment Ordering upon Preparing Conditions. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 178, 1864-1873.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2005.03.031

[41] Brayner, R., Ferrari-Iliou, R., Brivois, N., Djediat, S., Benedetti, M.F. and Fiévet, F. (2006) Toxicological Impact Studies Based on Escherichia coli Bacteria in Ultrafine ZnO Nanoparticles Colloidal Medium. Nano Letters, 6, 866-870.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl052326h