Safety Evaluation of New Polymer Materials Proposed for Relining Drinking Water Pipes in the City of Milano
Author(s)
Marinella Palmiotto1,
Giancarlo Bianchi1,
Laura Brunelli1,
Maurizio Lualdi2,
Carlo Lezzi3,
Angela Manenti4,
Enrico Davoli1*
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy. 2 Politecnico of Milano, Milano, Italy. 3 Beca Engineering S.r.l., Milano, Italy. 4 Metropolitana Milanese S.p.A., Milano, Italy.
1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy. 2 Politecnico of Milano, Milano, Italy. 3 Beca Engineering S.r.l., Milano, Italy. 4 Metropolitana Milanese S.p.A., Milano, Italy.
ABSTRACT
Relining is a trenchless technology of recoating the inside walls of damaged water pipes using composite materials. In the Safe Pipe project, co-financed by Regione Lombardia, alternative polymeric materials for relining the drinking water distribution system of the city of Milan have been developed. Relining polymers have been evaluated for their toxicity. The identification of product impurities was performed by HPLC/HRMS and GC/MS analysis and safety evaluation was conducted applying toxicity data, when available, or applying QSAR models. Results showed low level of toxic substances in polymerized resins and in water samples in a migration/leaching test performed in a field experiment.
Relining is a trenchless technology of recoating the inside walls of damaged water pipes using composite materials. In the Safe Pipe project, co-financed by Regione Lombardia, alternative polymeric materials for relining the drinking water distribution system of the city of Milan have been developed. Relining polymers have been evaluated for their toxicity. The identification of product impurities was performed by HPLC/HRMS and GC/MS analysis and safety evaluation was conducted applying toxicity data, when available, or applying QSAR models. Results showed low level of toxic substances in polymerized resins and in water samples in a migration/leaching test performed in a field experiment.
Cite this paper
Palmiotto, M. , Bianchi, G. , Brunelli, L. , Lualdi, M. , Lezzi, C. , Manenti, A. and Davoli, E. (2015) Safety Evaluation of New Polymer Materials Proposed for Relining Drinking Water Pipes in the City of Milano. International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, 3, 63-79. doi: 10.4236/ijamsc.2015.34008.
Palmiotto, M. , Bianchi, G. , Brunelli, L. , Lualdi, M. , Lezzi, C. , Manenti, A. and Davoli, E. (2015) Safety Evaluation of New Polymer Materials Proposed for Relining Drinking Water Pipes in the City of Milano. International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography, 3, 63-79. doi: 10.4236/ijamsc.2015.34008.
References
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[1] MM Metropolitana Milanese SPA (2012) Bilancio di sostenibilità del Servizio Idrico Integrato. http://www.metropolitanamilanese.it/pub/page/it/MM/bilancio_sociale [2] ChemSec Intenational Chemical Secretariat (2013) BPA Found in Tap Water from Relined Water Pipes in Sweden. http://www.chemsec.org/news/news-2013/january-march/1144-bpa-found-in-tap-water [3] Martinez Bueno, M.J., Uclés, S., Hernando, M.D., Davoli, E. and Fernandez-Alba, A.R. (2011) Evaluation of Selected Ubiquitous Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment and Their Transformation Products. A Pilot Study of Their Removal from a Sewage Treatment Plant. Water Research, 45, 2331-2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.01.011 [4] Ziaee, S. and Palmese, G.R. (1999) Effects of Temperature on Cure Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of vinyl-Ester Resins. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 37, 725-744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19990401)37:7<725::AID-POLB23>3.0.CO;2-E [5] Weiss, K.D. (1997) Paint and Coatings: A Mature Industry in Transition. Progress in Polymer Science, 22, 203-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(96)00019-6 [6] Kurochkin, S.A., Silant’ev, M.A., Perepelitsyna, E.O. and Grachev, V.P (2013) Molecular Oxygen as a Regulator of Primary Chain Length of Branched Polymers Formed in 3D Radical Polymerization. Oxidative Polymerization of Styrene. Polymer, 54, 31-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.11.026 [7] Brent Strong, A. (2008) Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Methods and Applications. Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Dearborn, Michigan. [8] La Scala, J.J., Sands, J.M. and Palmese, G.R. (2004) Liquid Resins with Low VOC Emissions. Army Research laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Weapons and Materials Research Directorate. Technical Report. [9] Alavi, S., Sabu, T., Sandeep, K.P., Kalarikkal, N., Varghese, J. and Yaragalla, S. (2015) Polymers for Packaging Applications. Apple Academic Press, Toronto.