Production of CH4 in a Low-Pressure CO2/H2 Discharge with Magnetic Field
Affiliation(s)
Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
ABSTRACT
Production of CH4 has been established using a low-pressure square-pulse cross-field CO2/H2 discharge with magnetic field. The conversion rate from CO2 to CH4 was investigated by changing the discharge parameters such as applied power and discharge distance, together with magnetic field strength. Carbon dioxide was reduced by hydrogen. The discharge took place across the magnetic field inside a glass tube. Decomposition of CO2 and CH4 selectivity are found to be dependent on power density. Energy efficiency for methane production is increased in a narrow discharge. Preferable improvements of CO2 decomposition, CH4 selectivity, and energy efficiency were established.
Production of CH4 has been established using a low-pressure square-pulse cross-field CO2/H2 discharge with magnetic field. The conversion rate from CO2 to CH4 was investigated by changing the discharge parameters such as applied power and discharge distance, together with magnetic field strength. Carbon dioxide was reduced by hydrogen. The discharge took place across the magnetic field inside a glass tube. Decomposition of CO2 and CH4 selectivity are found to be dependent on power density. Energy efficiency for methane production is increased in a narrow discharge. Preferable improvements of CO2 decomposition, CH4 selectivity, and energy efficiency were established.
Cite this paper
Arita, K. and Iizuka, S. (2015) Production of CH4 in a Low-Pressure CO2/H2 Discharge with Magnetic Field. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 3, 69-77. doi: 10.4236/msce.2015.312011.
Arita, K. and Iizuka, S. (2015) Production of CH4 in a Low-Pressure CO2/H2 Discharge with Magnetic Field. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 3, 69-77. doi: 10.4236/msce.2015.312011.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4956(13)60055-8 [20] Aerts, R., Somers, W. and Bogaerts, A. (2015) Carbon Dioxide Splitting in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. ChemSusChem, 8, 702-716.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402818 [21] Kano, M., Satoh, G. and Iizuka, S. (2012) Reforming of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol by Electric Impulse Low-Pressure Discharge with Hydrogen. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 32, 177-185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9333-0 [22] Tsuchiya, T. and Iizuka, S. (2013) Conversion of Methane to Methanol by a Low-Pressure Steam Plasma. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Technology, 2, 35-39. [23] Arita, K. and Iizuka, S. (2015) Hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 Using a Low-Pressure Cross-Field Pulse Discharge with Hydrogen. Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry, Antwerp, 5-10 July 2015. [24] Mazloomi, K., Sulaiman, N. and Moayedi, H. (2012) Electrical Efficiency of Electrolytic Hydrogen Production. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7, 3314-3326. [25] Wei, Z.D., Ji, M.B., Chen, S.G., Liu, Y., Sun, C.X., Yin, G.Z., Shen, P.K. and Chan, S.H. (2007) Water Electrolysis on Carbon Electrodes Enhanced by Surfactant. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 3323-3329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.10.011 [26] Schaaf, T., Grunig, J., Schuster, M.R., Rothenfluh, T. and Orth, A. (2014) Methanation of CO2—Storage of Renewable Energy in a Gas Distribution System. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 4, 29. [27] Fujita, S., Teruuma, H., Nakamura, M. and Takezawa, N. (1991) Mechanisms of Methanation of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide over Nickel. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 30, 1146-1151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00054a012 [28] Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A., Robbins, C. and Purcell, R. (2010) CO2 Recycling by Reaction with Renewably-Generated Hydrogen. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 4, 44-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.09.012
[1] BP: World Reserves of Fossil Fuels.
http://jp.knoema.com/smsfgud/bp-world-reserves-of-fossil-fuels [2] Gore, A. The End of Fossil Fuels. https://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/energy-independence/the-end-of-fossil-fuels [3] Shafiee, S. (2008) An Overview of Fossil Fuel Reserve Depletion Time. 31st IAEE International Conference, Istanbul, 18-20 June 2008.
http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:197790 [4] Struckmann, L.K.R., Pesched, A., Rauschenbach, R.H. and Sundmacher, K. (2010) Assessment of Methanol Synthesis Utilizing Exhaust CO2 for Chemical Storage of Electrical Energy. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 11073.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie100508w [5] Lunsford, J.H. (2000) Catalytic Conversion of Methane to More Useful Chemicals and Fuels: A Challenge for the 21st Century. Catalysis Today, 63, 165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00456-9 [6] McDonough, W., Braungart, M., Anastas, P. and Zimmerman, J. (2003) Applying the Principles of Green Engineering to Cradle-to-Cradle Design. Environmental Science & Technology, 37, 434A.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0326322 [7] Schaaf, T., Grunig, J., Schuster, M.R., Rothenfluh, T. and Orth, A. (2014) Methanation of CO2—Storage of Renewable Energy in a Gas Distribution System. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 4, 29. [8] Eliasson, B., Kogelschatz, U., Xue, B. and Zhou, L.M. (1998) Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol with a Discharge-Activated Catalyst. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 37, 3350.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie9709401 [9] Gouyard, V., Ttibouet, J. and Duperyrat, C.B. (2009) Influence of the Plasma Power Supply Nature on the Plasma-Catalyst Synergism for the Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 37, 2342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2009.2033695 [10] Larkin, D.W., Lobban, L.L. and Mallinson, R.G. (2001) Production of Organic Oxygenates in the Partial Oxidation of Methane in a Silent Electric Discharge Reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40, 1594.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie000527k [11] Mei, D., Zhu, X., He, Y.K., Yan, J.D. and Tu, X. (2015) Plasma-Assisted Conversion of CO2 in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor: Understanding the Effect of Packing Materials. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 24, Article ID: 015011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/24/1/015011 [12] Hoeben, W.F.L.M., Boekhoven, W., Beckers, F.J.C.M., Van Heesch, E.J.M. and Pemen, A.J.M. (2014) Partial Oxidation of Methane by Pulsed Corona Discharges. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47, Article ID: 355202.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/35/355202 [13] Spencer, L.F. and Gallimore, A.D. (2011) Efficiency of CO2 Dissociation in a Radio-Frequency Discharge. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 31, 79-89.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-010-9273-0 [14] Ross, J.R.H. (2005) Natural Gas Reforming and CO2 Mitigation. Catalysis Today, 100, 151-158.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.03.044 [15] Mikkelsen, M., Jorgensen, M. and Krebs, F.C. (2010) The Teraton Challenge. A Review of Fixation and Transformation of Carbon Dioxide. Energy & Environmental Science, 3, 43-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B912904A [16] Snoeckx, R., Aerts, R., Tu, X. and Bogaerts, A. (2013) Plasma-Based Dry Reforming: A Computational Study Ranging from the Nanoseconds to Seconds Time Scale. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117, 4957-4970.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp311912b [17] Dorai, R., Hassouni, H. and Kushner, M.J. (2000) Interaction between Soot Particles and NOX during Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Remediation of Simulated Diesel Exhaust. Journal of Applied Physics, 88, 6060-6071.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1320004 [18] Tao, X., Bai, M., Li, X., Long, H., Shaung, S., Yin, Y. and Dai, X. (2011) CH4-CO2 Reforming by Plasma—Challenges and Opportunities. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 37, 113-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2010.05.001 [19] Xu, C. and Tu, X. (2013) Plasma-Assisted Methane Conversion in an Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 22, 420-425.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4956(13)60055-8 [20] Aerts, R., Somers, W. and Bogaerts, A. (2015) Carbon Dioxide Splitting in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. ChemSusChem, 8, 702-716.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402818 [21] Kano, M., Satoh, G. and Iizuka, S. (2012) Reforming of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol by Electric Impulse Low-Pressure Discharge with Hydrogen. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 32, 177-185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-011-9333-0 [22] Tsuchiya, T. and Iizuka, S. (2013) Conversion of Methane to Methanol by a Low-Pressure Steam Plasma. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Technology, 2, 35-39. [23] Arita, K. and Iizuka, S. (2015) Hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 Using a Low-Pressure Cross-Field Pulse Discharge with Hydrogen. Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry, Antwerp, 5-10 July 2015. [24] Mazloomi, K., Sulaiman, N. and Moayedi, H. (2012) Electrical Efficiency of Electrolytic Hydrogen Production. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 7, 3314-3326. [25] Wei, Z.D., Ji, M.B., Chen, S.G., Liu, Y., Sun, C.X., Yin, G.Z., Shen, P.K. and Chan, S.H. (2007) Water Electrolysis on Carbon Electrodes Enhanced by Surfactant. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 3323-3329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.10.011 [26] Schaaf, T., Grunig, J., Schuster, M.R., Rothenfluh, T. and Orth, A. (2014) Methanation of CO2—Storage of Renewable Energy in a Gas Distribution System. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 4, 29. [27] Fujita, S., Teruuma, H., Nakamura, M. and Takezawa, N. (1991) Mechanisms of Methanation of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide over Nickel. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 30, 1146-1151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00054a012 [28] Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A., Robbins, C. and Purcell, R. (2010) CO2 Recycling by Reaction with Renewably-Generated Hydrogen. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 4, 44-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.09.012