[1] Satish, B., Bunker, M. and Seddon, P. (2003) Management of Thoracic Empyema in Childhood: Does the Pleural Thickening Matter? Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88, 918-921.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.10.918
[2] Yilmaz, E., Dogan, Y., Aydinoglu, A.H., Gurgoze, M.K. and Aygun, D. (2002) Parapneumonic Empyema in Children: Conservative Approach. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 44, 134-138.
[3] Long, A.M., Smith-Williams, J., Mayell, S., Couriel, J., Jones, M.O. and Losty, P.D. (2015) “Less May Be Best”— Pediatric Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema Management: Lessons from a UK Center. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 12, 455-458.
[4] Yao, C.T., Wu, J.M., Liu, C.C., Wu, M.H., Chuang, H.Y. and Wang, J.N. (2004) Treatment of Complicated Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion with Intrapleural Streptokinase in Children. Chest, 125, 566-571.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.125.2.566
[5] Light, R.W. (1995) A New Classification of Parapneumonic Effusions and Empyema. Chest, 108, 299-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.108.2.299
[6] Rzyman, W., Skokowski, J., Romanowicz, G., Lass, P. and Dziadziuszko, R. (2002) Decortications in Chronic Pleural Empyema—Effect on Lung Function. European Journal Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 21, 502-507.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(01)01167-8
[7] Goyal, V., Kumar, A., Gupta, M., Sandhu, H.P. and Dhir, S. (2014) Empyema Thoracis in Children: Still a Challenge in Developing Countries. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery, 11, 206-210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0189-6725.137326
[8] Misthos, P., Sepsas, E., Konstantinou, M., Athanassiadi, K., Skottis, I. and Lioulias, A. (2005) Early Use of Intrapleural Fibrinolytics in the Management of Postpneumonic Empyema. A Prospective Study. European Journal Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 28, 599-603.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.07.005
[9] Huang, H.C., Chang, H.Y., Chen, C.W. and Lee, C.H. (1999) Predicting Factors for Outcome of Tube Thoracostomy in Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion or Empyema. Chest, 115, 751-756.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.115.3.751
[10] Mandal, A.K., Thadepalli, H., Mandal, A.K. and Chetipally, U. (1998) Outcome of Primary Emypema Thoracis: Therapeutic and Microbiologic Aspects. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 66, 1782-1786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00601-8
[11] Ris, H.B., Pezzetta, E., Krueger, T. and Lardinois, D. (2004) Surgical Treatment of Pleural Infections: The Surgeon’s Point of View. European Respiratory Monograph, 29, 181-188.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1025448x.00029012
[12] Waller, D.A. and Rengarajan, A. (2001) Thoracoscopic Decortication: A Role for Video-Assisted Surgery in Chronic Postpneumonic Pleural Empyema. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 71, 1813-1816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02471-7
[13] Roberts, J.R. (2003) Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Treatment of Empyema: Intraoperative Decision Making. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 76, 225-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)00025-0
[14] Scarci, M., Abah, U. and Solli, P. (2015) EACTS Expert Consensus Statement for Surgical Management of Pleural Empyema. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 48, 642-653.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezv272
[15] Bose, K., Saha, S., Mridha, D., Das, K., Mondal, P. and Das, I. (2015) Analysis of Outcome of Intraplueral Streptokinase in Pediatric Empyema Thoracis Even in Advanced Stages: A Prospective Study. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 25, e3154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijp.3154
[16] Jaffe, A. and Cohen, G. (2003) Thoracic Empyema. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88, 839-841.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.10.839
[17] Cohen, G., Hjortdal, V., Ricci, M., et al. (2003) Primary Thoracoscopic Treatment of Empyema in Children. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 125, 79-83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2003.88
[18] Doski, J.J., Lou, D., Hicks, B.A., et al. (2000) Management of Parapneumonic Collections in Infants and Children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 35, 265-268.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3468(00)90022-8
[19] Alexiou, C., Goyal, A., Firmin, R.K. and Hickey, M.S. (2003) Is Open Thoracotomy Still a Good Treatment Option for the Management of Empyema in Children? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 76, 1854-1858.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01076-2
[20] Hilliard, T.N., Henderson, A.J. and Langton Hewer, S.C. (2003) Management of Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88, 915-917.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.10.915
[21] Saleem, A.F., Shaikh, A.S., Khan, R.S., Khan, F., Faruque, A.V. and Khan, M.A. (2014) Empyema Thoracis in Children: Clinical Presentation, Management and Complications. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 24, 573-576.
[22] Avansino, J.R., Goldman, B., Sawin, R.S. and Flum, D.R. (2005) Primary Operative versus Nonoperative Therapy for Pediatric Empyema: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics, 115, 1652-1659.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1405