A Stock-Recruitment Relationship Applicable to Pacific Bluefin Tuna and the Pacific Stock of Japanese Sardine
Author(s)
Kazumi Sakuramoto
Affiliation(s)
Department of Ocean Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Ocean Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
ABSTRACT
This study shows that the stock-recruitment relationship (SRR) for Pacific bluefin tuna and the Pacific stock of Japanese sardine can be expressed by the same SRR model. That is,
(environmental factors), where Rt and St-1 denote the recruitment in year t and spawning stock biomass in year t - 1, and f(.) is a function that evaluates the effect of environmental factors in year t. The simulations showed that when the fluctuation in environmental factors cyclically changed, 1) the shape of the apparent SRR assumed clockwise loops for the shorter maturity age of fish, and 2) the apparent SRR comprised scattered anticlockwise loops for the longer maturity age of fish. These features coincided well with those observed. This finding gives us a new paradigm in SRR, which is far different from the concept that has predominated in the field for more than 60 years.
This study shows that the stock-recruitment relationship (SRR) for Pacific bluefin tuna and the Pacific stock of Japanese sardine can be expressed by the same SRR model. That is,
(environmental factors), where Rt and St-1 denote the recruitment in year t and spawning stock biomass in year t - 1, and f(.) is a function that evaluates the effect of environmental factors in year t. The simulations showed that when the fluctuation in environmental factors cyclically changed, 1) the shape of the apparent SRR assumed clockwise loops for the shorter maturity age of fish, and 2) the apparent SRR comprised scattered anticlockwise loops for the longer maturity age of fish. These features coincided well with those observed. This finding gives us a new paradigm in SRR, which is far different from the concept that has predominated in the field for more than 60 years.
Cite this paper
Sakuramoto, K. (2015) A Stock-Recruitment Relationship Applicable to Pacific Bluefin Tuna and the Pacific Stock of Japanese Sardine. American Journal of Climate Change, 4, 446-460. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2015.45036.
Sakuramoto, K. (2015) A Stock-Recruitment Relationship Applicable to Pacific Bluefin Tuna and the Pacific Stock of Japanese Sardine. American Journal of Climate Change, 4, 446-460. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2015.45036.
References
[1] Pacific Bluefin Tuna Working Group (PBFWG) (2014) Stock Assessment of Pacific Bluefin Tuna 2014. Report of the Pacific Bluefin Tuna Working Group. International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean, 1-121. [2] Ricker, W.E. (1954) Stock and Recruitment. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 11, 559-623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f54-039 [3] Beverton, R.J.H. and Holt, S.J. (1957) On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations Fishery Investigations, Series II 19 [1-533], Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. [4] Barrowman, N.J. and Myers, R.A. (2000) Still More Spawner-Recruitment Curves: The Hockey Stick and Its Generalizations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57, 665-676.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-282 [5] Myers, R.A. (2001) Stock and Recruitment: Generalizations about Maximum Reproductive Rate, Density Dependence, and Variability Using Meta-Analytic Approaches. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58, 937-951.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2001.1109 [6] Sibly, R.M., Barker, D., Denham, M.C., Hone, J. and Pagel, M. (2005) On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects. Science, 22, 607-610.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110760 [7] Brook, B.W. and Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2006) Strength of Evidence for Density Dependence in Abundance Time Series of 1198 Species. Ecology, 87, 1445-1451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1445:SOEFDD]2.0.CO;2 [8] Sundstrom, L.F., Kaspersson, R., Naslund, J. and Johnsson, J.I. (2013) Density-Dependent Compensatory Growth in Brawn Trout (Salmo trutta) in Nature. PLoS ONE, 8, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063287 [9] Sakuramoto, K. (2013) A Recruitment Forecasting Model for the Pacific Stock of the Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) That Does Not Assume Density-Dependent Effects. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 1-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.46A001 [10] Sakuramoto, K. (2013) A Common Concept of Population Dynamics Applicable to Both Thrips imaginis (Thysanoptera) and the Pacific Stock of the Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus). Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 4, 140-151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000085 [11] Sakuramoto, K. (2015) Illusion of a Density-Dependent Effect in Biology. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 479-488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2015.65047 [12] Kawabata, J., Honda, S., Watanabe, C., Okamura, H. and Ichinokawa, M. (2014) Stock Assessment and Evaluation for the Pacific Stock of Japanese Sardine (Fiscal Year 2013). In: Marine Stock Fisheries Stock Assessment and Evaluation for Japanese Waters (Fiscal Year 2013/2014), Fisheries Agency and Fisheries Research Agency of Japan, 15-46. [13] Yatsu, A., Watanabe, T., Ishida, M., Sugisaki, H. and Jacobson, L.D. (2005) Environmental Effects on Recruitment and Productivity of Japanese Sardine Sardinops melanostictus and Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus with Recommendations for Management. Fisheries Oceanography, 14, 263-278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00335.x [14] AO (Arctic Oscillation, NOAA Climate Prediction Center) (2015) Web.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii [15] Singh, A.A., Sakuramoto, K. and Suzuki, N. (2014) Model for Stock-Recruitment Dynamics of the Peruvian Anchoveta (Eugraulis ringens) off Peru. The Open Fish Science Journal, 5, 140-151. [16] Sakuramoto, K. (2005) Does the Ricker or Beverton and Holt Type of Stock-Recruitment Relationship Truly Exist? Fisheries Science, 71, 577-592.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2005.01002.x [17] Sakuramoto, K. and Suzuki, N. (2012) Effect of Process and/or Observation Errors on the Stock-Recruitment Curve and the Validity of the Proportional Model as a Stock-Recruitment Relationship. Fisheries Science, 78, 41-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-011-0438-4
[1] Pacific Bluefin Tuna Working Group (PBFWG) (2014) Stock Assessment of Pacific Bluefin Tuna 2014. Report of the Pacific Bluefin Tuna Working Group. International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean, 1-121. [2] Ricker, W.E. (1954) Stock and Recruitment. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 11, 559-623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f54-039 [3] Beverton, R.J.H. and Holt, S.J. (1957) On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations Fishery Investigations, Series II 19 [1-533], Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. [4] Barrowman, N.J. and Myers, R.A. (2000) Still More Spawner-Recruitment Curves: The Hockey Stick and Its Generalizations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57, 665-676.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-282 [5] Myers, R.A. (2001) Stock and Recruitment: Generalizations about Maximum Reproductive Rate, Density Dependence, and Variability Using Meta-Analytic Approaches. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 58, 937-951.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2001.1109 [6] Sibly, R.M., Barker, D., Denham, M.C., Hone, J. and Pagel, M. (2005) On the Regulation of Populations of Mammals, Birds, Fish, and Insects. Science, 22, 607-610.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1110760 [7] Brook, B.W. and Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2006) Strength of Evidence for Density Dependence in Abundance Time Series of 1198 Species. Ecology, 87, 1445-1451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1445:SOEFDD]2.0.CO;2 [8] Sundstrom, L.F., Kaspersson, R., Naslund, J. and Johnsson, J.I. (2013) Density-Dependent Compensatory Growth in Brawn Trout (Salmo trutta) in Nature. PLoS ONE, 8, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063287 [9] Sakuramoto, K. (2013) A Recruitment Forecasting Model for the Pacific Stock of the Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) That Does Not Assume Density-Dependent Effects. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 1-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.46A001 [10] Sakuramoto, K. (2013) A Common Concept of Population Dynamics Applicable to Both Thrips imaginis (Thysanoptera) and the Pacific Stock of the Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus). Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, 4, 140-151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2150-3508.1000085 [11] Sakuramoto, K. (2015) Illusion of a Density-Dependent Effect in Biology. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 479-488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2015.65047 [12] Kawabata, J., Honda, S., Watanabe, C., Okamura, H. and Ichinokawa, M. (2014) Stock Assessment and Evaluation for the Pacific Stock of Japanese Sardine (Fiscal Year 2013). In: Marine Stock Fisheries Stock Assessment and Evaluation for Japanese Waters (Fiscal Year 2013/2014), Fisheries Agency and Fisheries Research Agency of Japan, 15-46. [13] Yatsu, A., Watanabe, T., Ishida, M., Sugisaki, H. and Jacobson, L.D. (2005) Environmental Effects on Recruitment and Productivity of Japanese Sardine Sardinops melanostictus and Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus with Recommendations for Management. Fisheries Oceanography, 14, 263-278.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00335.x [14] AO (Arctic Oscillation, NOAA Climate Prediction Center) (2015) Web.
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/daily_ao_index/monthly.ao.index.b50.current.ascii [15] Singh, A.A., Sakuramoto, K. and Suzuki, N. (2014) Model for Stock-Recruitment Dynamics of the Peruvian Anchoveta (Eugraulis ringens) off Peru. The Open Fish Science Journal, 5, 140-151. [16] Sakuramoto, K. (2005) Does the Ricker or Beverton and Holt Type of Stock-Recruitment Relationship Truly Exist? Fisheries Science, 71, 577-592.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2005.01002.x [17] Sakuramoto, K. and Suzuki, N. (2012) Effect of Process and/or Observation Errors on the Stock-Recruitment Curve and the Validity of the Proportional Model as a Stock-Recruitment Relationship. Fisheries Science, 78, 41-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-011-0438-4