Corrosion Caused by Sulfur Dioxide in Reinforced Concrete
Author(s)
Fernando B. Mainier,
Paulo César Fernandes Almeida,
Bruna Nani,
Lisiane H Fernandes,
Marcone Freitas Reis
ABSTRACT
The burning of fuel oil with high sulfur content in diverse industrial segments results in the generation of oxidized sulfur compounds (SOx). These emissions, directly or indirectly, lead to the deterioration of air quality with consequences including the development of lung diseases in the surrounding population, the generation of acid rain and damage to civil constructions, such as public buildings, public squares, historic monuments, bridges, etc. This article describes the mechanisms of corrosion that occur in reinforced concrete deterioration observed in an industrial plant by the action of direct emissions of sulfur dioxide. SO2 in this case study is from the burning of fuel oil high sulfur content from chimney of an industrial boiler. The deterioration of concrete was evaluated in the laboratory showing the formation of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hydrate associated with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO).
The burning of fuel oil with high sulfur content in diverse industrial segments results in the generation of oxidized sulfur compounds (SOx). These emissions, directly or indirectly, lead to the deterioration of air quality with consequences including the development of lung diseases in the surrounding population, the generation of acid rain and damage to civil constructions, such as public buildings, public squares, historic monuments, bridges, etc. This article describes the mechanisms of corrosion that occur in reinforced concrete deterioration observed in an industrial plant by the action of direct emissions of sulfur dioxide. SO2 in this case study is from the burning of fuel oil high sulfur content from chimney of an industrial boiler. The deterioration of concrete was evaluated in the laboratory showing the formation of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hydrate associated with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO).
Cite this paper
B. Mainier, F. , Almeida, P. , Nani, B. , Fernandes, L. and Reis, M. (2015) Corrosion Caused by Sulfur Dioxide in Reinforced Concrete. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 5, 379-389. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2015.54038.
B. Mainier, F. , Almeida, P. , Nani, B. , Fernandes, L. and Reis, M. (2015) Corrosion Caused by Sulfur Dioxide in Reinforced Concrete. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 5, 379-389. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2015.54038.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00101-1 [10] Xie, S., Qi, L. and Zhou, D. (2004) Investigation of the Effects of Acid Rain on the Deterioration of Cement Concrete Using Accelerated Tests Established in Laboratory. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4457-4466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.017 [11] Roberge, P.R. (2000) Handbook of Corrosion Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York. [12] Revie, R.W. and Uhlig, H.H. (2008) Corrosion and Corrosion Control. An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering. 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey. [13] Kelly, R.G., Scully, J.R., Shoesmith, D.W. and Buchheit, R.G. (2003) Electrochemical Techniques in Corrosion Science and Engineering. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. [14] von Baeckmann, W., Schwenk, W. and Prinz, W. (1997) Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion Protection. Theory and Practice of Electrochemical Protection Process. 3rd Edition, (GPF) Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston. [15] Parker, M.E. and Peattie, E.G. (1997) Pipeline Corrosion and Cathodic Protection. 3rd Edition, (GPF) Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston.
[1] Slunge, D., Ekbom, A. and Dahlberg, E. (2008) Serbia Environmental and Climate Impact Analysis. Environmental Economics Unit, Department of Economics, Göteborg University, School of Economics and Commercial Law. [2] Moskalyk, R.R. and Alfantazib, A.M. (2003) Review of Copper Pyrometallurgical Practice: Today and Tomorrow. Minerals Engineering, 16, 893-919.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2003.08.002 [3] Tasic, V., Milosevic, N., Kovacevic, R. and Petrovic, N. (2010) The Analysis of Air Pollution Caused by Particle Matter Emission from the Copper Smelter Complex Bor (Serbia). Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 16, 219-228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ090909011T [4] Dimitrijevic, M., Kostov, A., Tasic, V. and Milosevic, N. (2009) Influence of Pyrometallurgical Copper Production on the Environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, 892-899.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.099 [5] Broder, J.M. (2010) E.P.A. Tightens Sulfur Dioxide Limits. The New York Times, 3 June 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/science/earth [6] Smith, S.J., van Aardenn, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R.J., Volke, A. and Arias, D. (2011) Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide Emissions, 1850-2005. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 1101-1116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011 [7] Baird, C. and Cann, M. (2005) Environmental Chemistry, Macmillan. [8] Bravo, H.A., Soto, R.A., Sosa, R.E., Sanchez, P.A., Alarcón, A.L., Kahl, J. and Ruíz, J.B. (2006) Effect of Acid Rain on Building Material of the El Taj?n Archaeological Zone in Veracruz, Mexico. Environmental Pollution, 144, 655- 660.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.052 [9] Wang, T.J., Jin, L.S., Li, Z.K. and Lam, K.S. (2000) A Modeling Studyon Acid Rain and Recommended Emission Control Strategies in China. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 4467-4477.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00101-1 [10] Xie, S., Qi, L. and Zhou, D. (2004) Investigation of the Effects of Acid Rain on the Deterioration of Cement Concrete Using Accelerated Tests Established in Laboratory. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 4457-4466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.017 [11] Roberge, P.R. (2000) Handbook of Corrosion Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York. [12] Revie, R.W. and Uhlig, H.H. (2008) Corrosion and Corrosion Control. An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering. 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey. [13] Kelly, R.G., Scully, J.R., Shoesmith, D.W. and Buchheit, R.G. (2003) Electrochemical Techniques in Corrosion Science and Engineering. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. [14] von Baeckmann, W., Schwenk, W. and Prinz, W. (1997) Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion Protection. Theory and Practice of Electrochemical Protection Process. 3rd Edition, (GPF) Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston. [15] Parker, M.E. and Peattie, E.G. (1997) Pipeline Corrosion and Cathodic Protection. 3rd Edition, (GPF) Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston.