Preparation of PDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Using Ink-Jet Printing
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan. 2 Advanced Mechanical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan. 3 School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan.
1 Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan. 2 Advanced Mechanical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagoshima College, Kirishima, Japan. 3 School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan.
ABSTRACT
Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and possess conductivity. The present study improved the characteristics of a transparent conductive film that was made of poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesul-fonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic conductive material, and that had been prepared using ink-jet printing. To improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of the film, the film substrate was first cleaned with ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and then the film was annealed after it was deposited on the substrate and dipped into a polar solvent. Consequently, the resistance value of the thin film decreased. However, the surface state of the film changed according to the treatment method and affected its visible light transmittance. Thus, the surface state of the film substrate, the annealing temperature after film deposition, and the dipping treatment with a polar solvent influenced the characteristics of a thin film.
Flexible devices produced using organic materials have attracted the attention of many researchers. Important components of these flexible devices include transparent electrodes, which transmit visible light and possess conductivity. The present study improved the characteristics of a transparent conductive film that was made of poly(3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesul-fonate) (PEDOT:PSS), an organic conductive material, and that had been prepared using ink-jet printing. To improve the resistance value and visible light transmittance of the film, the film substrate was first cleaned with ultraviolet/ozone treatment, and then the film was annealed after it was deposited on the substrate and dipped into a polar solvent. Consequently, the resistance value of the thin film decreased. However, the surface state of the film changed according to the treatment method and affected its visible light transmittance. Thus, the surface state of the film substrate, the annealing temperature after film deposition, and the dipping treatment with a polar solvent influenced the characteristics of a thin film.
Cite this paper
Nitta, A. , Shimono, K. (2015) Preparation of PDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Using Ink-Jet Printing. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 5, 467-476. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2015.512047.
Nitta, A. , Shimono, K. (2015) Preparation of PDOT:PSS Transparent Conductive Film Using Ink-Jet Printing. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 5, 467-476. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2015.512047.
References
[1] Gasiorskia, P., Gondekb, E., Danelc, K.S., Pokladko-Kowarb, M., Armatysd, P. and Kityka, A.V. (2013) Green Electroluminescence from Azafluoranthene Derivatives in Polymer Based Electroluminescent Devices. Optical Materials, 35, 681-684.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2012.09.027 [2] Zhang, H., Xiao, J., Zeng, W. and Huang, W. (2014) Effect of PEDOT:PSS vs. MoO3 as the Hole Injection Layer on Performance of C545T-Based Green Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes. Displays, 35, 171-175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2014.04.004 [3] Laura, C., Jose, A., Javier, P. and Antonio, U. (2015) Wavelength Influence on the Photodegradation of P3HT:PCBM Organic Solar Cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 141, 423-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.023 [4] Albrecht, G., Heuser, S., Keil, C. and Schlettwein, D. (2015) Strategy for Preparation of Transparent Organic Thin Film Transistors with PEDOT:PSS Electrodes and a Polymeric Gate Dielectric. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 40, 772-776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.057 [5] Wang, Z., Brown, E.S. and Maldonado, S. (2015) Hybrid Solar Cells Constructed of Macroporous N-Type GaP Coated with PEDOT:PSS. Chinese Chemical Letters, 26, 469-473.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2015.03.009 [6] Wegener, M., Eckert, D. and Roosen, A. (2015) Manufacture of Sub-μm Thin, Particulate-Based ITO Layers by Roller Coating. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 35, 2321-2332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.02.012 [7] Kim, H.J., Seo, K.W., Kim, Y.H., Choi, J. and Kim, H.K. (2015) Direct Laser Patterning of Transparent ITO-Ag-ITO Multilayer Anodes for Organic Solar Cells. Applied Surface Science, 328, 215-221.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.017 [8] Saghaei, J., Fallahzadeh, A. and Saghaei, T. (2015) ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Using Highly Conductive Phenol-Treated PEDOT:PSS Anodes. Organic Electronics, 24, 188-194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.06.002 [9] Maniruzzaman, Md., Rahman, M.A., Jeong, K. and Lee, J. (2014) MoO3/Au/MoO3-PEDOT:PSS Multilayer Electrodes for ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 27, 114-120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2014.06.034 [10] Miura, S., Tashiro, M., Suzuki, K., Noda, S., Hori, S. and Nonomura, S. (2015) Stacked Nanoparticle-Transparent Conductive Oxide Substrate Combining High Haze with Low Surface Roughness for Improvement of Thin Film Si Solar-Cell Performance. Thin Solid Films, 574, 78-83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.11.086 [11] Tashkhourian, J., Hemmateenejad, B., Beigizadeh, H., Hosseini-Sarvari, M. and Razmi, Z. (2014) ZnO Nanoparticles and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Naproxen Using Electrochemical Techniques. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 714-715, 103-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.026 [12] Han, S.H., Kim, B.J. and Park, J.S. (2014) Effects of the Corona Pretreatment of PET Substrates on the Properties of Flexible Transparent CNT Electrodes. Thin Solid Films, 572, 73-78.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.09.066 [13] Kim, B.J., Han, S.H. and Park, J.S. (2015) Properties of CNTs Coated by PEDOT:PSS Films via Spin-Coating and Electrophoretic Deposition Methods for Flexible Transparent Electrodes. Surface and Coatings Technology, 271, 22-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.01.045 [14] Orgiu, E., Manunza, I., Sanna, M., Cosseddu, P. and Bonfiglio, A. (2008) Transparent Dielectric Films for Organic Thin-Film Transistors: A Perspective for Low Cost, Low Size Technologies. Thin Solid Films, 516, 1533-1537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.157 [15] Kim, I., Kwak, S.W., Ju, Y., Park, G.Y., Lee, T.M., Jang, Y., Choi, Y.M. and Kang, D. (2015) Roll-Offset Printed Transparent Conducting Electrode for Organic Solar Cells. Thin Solid Films, 580, 21-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.02.075 [16] Hübler, A.C., Schmidt, G.C., Kempa, H., Reuter, K., Hambsch, M. and Bellmann, M. (2011) Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Using Printed Electronics. Organic Electronics, 12, 419-423.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2010.12.010 [17] Willmann, J., Stocker, D. and Dorsam, E. (2014) Characteristics and Evaluation Criteria of Substrate-Based Manufacturing. Is Roll-to-Roll the Best Solution for Printed Electronics? Organic Electronics, 15, 1631-1640.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.022 [18] Zhang, Z. and Zhu, W. (2015) Controllable Synthesis and Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles for Inkjet-Printed Flexible Electronics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 649, 687-693.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.195 [19] Ali, S., Bae, J., Lee, C.H., Choi, K.H. and Doh, Y.H. (2015) All-Printed and Highly Stable Organic Resistive Switching Device Based on Graphene Quantum Dots and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite. Organic Electronics, 25, 225-231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.06.040 [20] Castro, H.F., Sowade, E., Rocha, J.G., Alpuim, P., Machado, A.V., Baumann, R.R. and Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2015) Degradation of All-Inkjet-Printed Organic Thin-Film Transistors with TIPS-Pentacene under Processes Applied in Textile Manufacturing. Organic Electronics, 22, 12-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.03.028 [21] Jonsson, S.K.M., Birgerson, J., Crispin, X., Greczynski, G., Osikowicz, W., Denier van der Gon, A.W., Salaneck, W.R. and Fahlman, M. (2003) The Effects of Solvents on the Morphology and Sheet Resistance in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)-Polystyrenesulfonic Acid (PEDOT-PSS) Films. Synthetic Metals, 139, 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01259-6 [22] Yan, H. and Okuzaki, H. (2009) Effect of Solvent on PEDOT/PSS Nanometer-Scaled Thin Films: XPS and STEM/ AFM Studies. Synthetic Metals, 159, 2225-2228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.07.032 [23] Shimono, K. and Nitta, A. (2013) A Study of Transparent Conductive Film by Inkjet Printing. The 66th Joint Conference of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Kyushu, Kumamoto, 24-25 September 2013, 285. [24] Takano, T., Masunaga, H., Fujiwara, A., Okuzaki, H. and Sasaki, T. (2012) PEDOT Nanocrystal in Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Polymer Films. Macromolecules, 45, 3859-3865.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma300120g
[1] Gasiorskia, P., Gondekb, E., Danelc, K.S., Pokladko-Kowarb, M., Armatysd, P. and Kityka, A.V. (2013) Green Electroluminescence from Azafluoranthene Derivatives in Polymer Based Electroluminescent Devices. Optical Materials, 35, 681-684.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2012.09.027 [2] Zhang, H., Xiao, J., Zeng, W. and Huang, W. (2014) Effect of PEDOT:PSS vs. MoO3 as the Hole Injection Layer on Performance of C545T-Based Green Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes. Displays, 35, 171-175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2014.04.004 [3] Laura, C., Jose, A., Javier, P. and Antonio, U. (2015) Wavelength Influence on the Photodegradation of P3HT:PCBM Organic Solar Cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 141, 423-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2015.06.023 [4] Albrecht, G., Heuser, S., Keil, C. and Schlettwein, D. (2015) Strategy for Preparation of Transparent Organic Thin Film Transistors with PEDOT:PSS Electrodes and a Polymeric Gate Dielectric. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 40, 772-776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.057 [5] Wang, Z., Brown, E.S. and Maldonado, S. (2015) Hybrid Solar Cells Constructed of Macroporous N-Type GaP Coated with PEDOT:PSS. Chinese Chemical Letters, 26, 469-473.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2015.03.009 [6] Wegener, M., Eckert, D. and Roosen, A. (2015) Manufacture of Sub-μm Thin, Particulate-Based ITO Layers by Roller Coating. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 35, 2321-2332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.02.012 [7] Kim, H.J., Seo, K.W., Kim, Y.H., Choi, J. and Kim, H.K. (2015) Direct Laser Patterning of Transparent ITO-Ag-ITO Multilayer Anodes for Organic Solar Cells. Applied Surface Science, 328, 215-221.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.017 [8] Saghaei, J., Fallahzadeh, A. and Saghaei, T. (2015) ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Using Highly Conductive Phenol-Treated PEDOT:PSS Anodes. Organic Electronics, 24, 188-194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.06.002 [9] Maniruzzaman, Md., Rahman, M.A., Jeong, K. and Lee, J. (2014) MoO3/Au/MoO3-PEDOT:PSS Multilayer Electrodes for ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 27, 114-120.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2014.06.034 [10] Miura, S., Tashiro, M., Suzuki, K., Noda, S., Hori, S. and Nonomura, S. (2015) Stacked Nanoparticle-Transparent Conductive Oxide Substrate Combining High Haze with Low Surface Roughness for Improvement of Thin Film Si Solar-Cell Performance. Thin Solid Films, 574, 78-83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.11.086 [11] Tashkhourian, J., Hemmateenejad, B., Beigizadeh, H., Hosseini-Sarvari, M. and Razmi, Z. (2014) ZnO Nanoparticles and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Naproxen Using Electrochemical Techniques. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 714-715, 103-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.026 [12] Han, S.H., Kim, B.J. and Park, J.S. (2014) Effects of the Corona Pretreatment of PET Substrates on the Properties of Flexible Transparent CNT Electrodes. Thin Solid Films, 572, 73-78.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2014.09.066 [13] Kim, B.J., Han, S.H. and Park, J.S. (2015) Properties of CNTs Coated by PEDOT:PSS Films via Spin-Coating and Electrophoretic Deposition Methods for Flexible Transparent Electrodes. Surface and Coatings Technology, 271, 22-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.01.045 [14] Orgiu, E., Manunza, I., Sanna, M., Cosseddu, P. and Bonfiglio, A. (2008) Transparent Dielectric Films for Organic Thin-Film Transistors: A Perspective for Low Cost, Low Size Technologies. Thin Solid Films, 516, 1533-1537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.157 [15] Kim, I., Kwak, S.W., Ju, Y., Park, G.Y., Lee, T.M., Jang, Y., Choi, Y.M. and Kang, D. (2015) Roll-Offset Printed Transparent Conducting Electrode for Organic Solar Cells. Thin Solid Films, 580, 21-28.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.02.075 [16] Hübler, A.C., Schmidt, G.C., Kempa, H., Reuter, K., Hambsch, M. and Bellmann, M. (2011) Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit Using Printed Electronics. Organic Electronics, 12, 419-423.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2010.12.010 [17] Willmann, J., Stocker, D. and Dorsam, E. (2014) Characteristics and Evaluation Criteria of Substrate-Based Manufacturing. Is Roll-to-Roll the Best Solution for Printed Electronics? Organic Electronics, 15, 1631-1640.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.022 [18] Zhang, Z. and Zhu, W. (2015) Controllable Synthesis and Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles for Inkjet-Printed Flexible Electronics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 649, 687-693.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.195 [19] Ali, S., Bae, J., Lee, C.H., Choi, K.H. and Doh, Y.H. (2015) All-Printed and Highly Stable Organic Resistive Switching Device Based on Graphene Quantum Dots and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite. Organic Electronics, 25, 225-231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.06.040 [20] Castro, H.F., Sowade, E., Rocha, J.G., Alpuim, P., Machado, A.V., Baumann, R.R. and Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2015) Degradation of All-Inkjet-Printed Organic Thin-Film Transistors with TIPS-Pentacene under Processes Applied in Textile Manufacturing. Organic Electronics, 22, 12-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2015.03.028 [21] Jonsson, S.K.M., Birgerson, J., Crispin, X., Greczynski, G., Osikowicz, W., Denier van der Gon, A.W., Salaneck, W.R. and Fahlman, M. (2003) The Effects of Solvents on the Morphology and Sheet Resistance in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)-Polystyrenesulfonic Acid (PEDOT-PSS) Films. Synthetic Metals, 139, 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(02)01259-6 [22] Yan, H. and Okuzaki, H. (2009) Effect of Solvent on PEDOT/PSS Nanometer-Scaled Thin Films: XPS and STEM/ AFM Studies. Synthetic Metals, 159, 2225-2228.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.07.032 [23] Shimono, K. and Nitta, A. (2013) A Study of Transparent Conductive Film by Inkjet Printing. The 66th Joint Conference of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Kyushu, Kumamoto, 24-25 September 2013, 285. [24] Takano, T., Masunaga, H., Fujiwara, A., Okuzaki, H. and Sasaki, T. (2012) PEDOT Nanocrystal in Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Polymer Films. Macromolecules, 45, 3859-3865.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma300120g