Microalgae Tolerance to High Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide: A Review
Author(s)
Fadhil M. Salih
ABSTRACT
The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is considered to be one of the main causes of the global warming problem. Moreover, there is an international movement to reduce the emission of CO2 by imposing different measures such as carbon tax. Biological CO2 fixation has been extensively investigated as part of efforts to solve the global warming problem. Microalgae are fast growing systems that can consume high quantities of CO2 to produce different types of biomass. The efficiency of microalgae is highly related to the concentration of CO2 in the growth atmosphere and the higher the concentration of CO2 the better is the growth and hence productivity. The present review aimed at shedding some light upon microalgal capability to sustain their viability and propagate under high CO2 concentration.
The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is considered to be one of the main causes of the global warming problem. Moreover, there is an international movement to reduce the emission of CO2 by imposing different measures such as carbon tax. Biological CO2 fixation has been extensively investigated as part of efforts to solve the global warming problem. Microalgae are fast growing systems that can consume high quantities of CO2 to produce different types of biomass. The efficiency of microalgae is highly related to the concentration of CO2 in the growth atmosphere and the higher the concentration of CO2 the better is the growth and hence productivity. The present review aimed at shedding some light upon microalgal capability to sustain their viability and propagate under high CO2 concentration.
Cite this paper
nullF. Salih, "Microalgae Tolerance to High Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide: A Review," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 2 No. 5, 2011, pp. 648-654. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.25074.
nullF. Salih, "Microalgae Tolerance to High Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide: A Review," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 2 No. 5, 2011, pp. 648-654. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.25074.
References
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Miyachi, “A New Species of Highly CO2-Tolreant Fast-Growing Marine Microalga Suitable for High-Density Culture,” Journal of Marine Biotechnology, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1993, pp. 21-25. [17] S. Miyairi, “CO2 Assimilation in a Thermophilic Cyanobacterium,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 36, No. 6-9, 1995, pp. 763-766. doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00116-U [18] Y. Nakano, K. Miyatake, H. Okuno, K. Hamazaki, S. Takenaka, N. Honami, M. Kiyota, I. Aiga and J. Kondo, “Growth of Photosynthetic Algae Euglena in High CO2 Conditions and Its Photosynthetic Characteristics,” Acta Horticulturae, Vol. 440, No. 9, 1996, pp. 49-54. [19] H. Nagase, K. Eguchi, K. Yoshihara, K. Hirata and K. Miyamoto, “Improvement of Microalgal NOx Removal in Bubble Column and Airlift Reactors,” Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, Vol. 86, No. 4, 1998, pp. 421-423. doi:10.1016/S0922-338X(99)89018-7 [20] K. Yoshihara, H. Nagase, K. Eguchi, K. Hirata and K. Miyamoto, “Biological Elimination of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas by Marine Microalga NOA-113 Cultivation in a Long Tubular Photobioreactor,” Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, Vol. 82, No. 4, 1996, pp. 351-354. doi:10.1016/0922-338X(96)89149-5 [21] Y. Miura, W. Yamada, K. Hirata, K., Miyamoto and M. Kiyohara, “Stimulation of Hydrogen Production in Algal Cells Grown under High CO2 Concentration and Low Temperature,” Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 39-40, No. 1, 1993, pp. 753-761. doi:10.1007/BF02919033 [22] H. Matsumoto, N. Shioji, A. Hamasaki, Y. Ikuta, Y. Fukuda, M. Sato, N. Endo and T. Tsukamoto, “Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Microalgae Photosynthesis Using Actual Flue Gas Discharged from a Boiler,” Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 51-52, No. 1, 1995, 681-692. doi:10.1007/BF02933469 [23] S. Hirata, M. Hayashitani, M. Taya and S. Tone, “Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Batch Culture of Chlorella sp. Using a Photobioreactior with a Sunlight-Collection Device,” Journal of fermentation and bioengineering, Vol. 81, No. 5, 1996, pp. 470-472. doi:10.1016/0922-338X(96)85151-8 [24] S. Hirata, M. Taya and S. Tone, “Characterization of Chlorella Cell Cultures in Batch and Continuos Operations under a Photoautotrophic Condition,” Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, Vol. 29, No. 6, 1996, pp. 953-959. doi:10.1252/jcej.29.953 [25] K. Maeda, M. Owada, N. Kimura, L. Omata, and I. Karube, “CO2 Fixation from the Flue Gas on Coalfired Thermal Power Plant by Microalgae,” Energy conversion Management, Vol. 36, No. 6-9, 1995, pp. 717-720. doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00105-M [26] L. E. Graham and L. W. Wilcox, “Algae,” Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 2000. [27] L. M. Brown, “Uptake of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas by Microalgae,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 37, No. 6-8, 1996, pp. 1363-1367. [28] T. M. Sobczuk, F. G. Camacho, F. C. Rubio, F. G. A. Fernandez and E. M. Grima, “Carbon Dioxide Uptake Efficiency by Outdoor Microalgal Cultures in Tubular Airlift Photobioreactors,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 67, No. 4, 2000, pp. 465-475. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000220)67:4<465::AID-BIT10>3.0.CO;2-9 [29] J. A. Oswald, “Large-Scale Algal Culture Systems (Engineering Aspects),” In: L. J. Borowitzka and M. A. Borowitzka, Eds., Microalgal biotechnology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988, pp. 357-395. [30] P. Tapie and A. Bernard, “Microalgae Production Technical and Economic Evaluations,” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 32, No. 7, 1988, pp. 873-885. doi:10.1002/bit.260320705 [31] S. Rados, B. Vaclav and D. Frantisek D, “CO2 Balance in Industrial Cultivation of Algae,” Archives of Hydrobiology, Vol. 46, No. 12, 1975, pp. 297-310. [32] Y. K. Lee and H. K. 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