Pipe Inspection System by Guide Wave Using a Long Distance Waveguide
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan. 2 Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
1 Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan. 2 Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
ABSTRACT
In the industrial fields, many high temperature structures that require a non-destructive inspection exist. However, there are currently few sensors that can carry out non-destructive testing in a high temperature environment. In particular, the ultrasonic sensor is normally not used at over 50 degrees Celsius. Also, a special sensor for high temperature is currently available, but there are various constraints; it has not yet reached a level that is useful in industry. Therefore, we have been developing a new sensor system using a long waveguide which can transmit an ultrasonic wave from a long distance. Especially, this study focuses on applying the developed technique to a pipe which is used in a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the best rectangular-shaped waveguide was studied and attempted to be wound around a pipe to be driven by an acoustic source of a guide wave. Finally, the L (0, 2) and T (0, 1)-mode guide waves were successfully detected by optimizing the shape of the opposite edge of the rectangular-shaped waveguide that could detect the reflected signal from an artificial defect machined into a test pipe.
In the industrial fields, many high temperature structures that require a non-destructive inspection exist. However, there are currently few sensors that can carry out non-destructive testing in a high temperature environment. In particular, the ultrasonic sensor is normally not used at over 50 degrees Celsius. Also, a special sensor for high temperature is currently available, but there are various constraints; it has not yet reached a level that is useful in industry. Therefore, we have been developing a new sensor system using a long waveguide which can transmit an ultrasonic wave from a long distance. Especially, this study focuses on applying the developed technique to a pipe which is used in a nuclear power plant. Therefore, the best rectangular-shaped waveguide was studied and attempted to be wound around a pipe to be driven by an acoustic source of a guide wave. Finally, the L (0, 2) and T (0, 1)-mode guide waves were successfully detected by optimizing the shape of the opposite edge of the rectangular-shaped waveguide that could detect the reflected signal from an artificial defect machined into a test pipe.
Cite this paper
Murayama, R. , Matsumoto, K. , Ushitani, K. and Makiko, M. (2015) Pipe Inspection System by Guide Wave Using a Long Distance Waveguide. Modern Mechanical Engineering, 5, 139-149. doi: 10.4236/mme.2015.54014.
Murayama, R. , Matsumoto, K. , Ushitani, K. and Makiko, M. (2015) Pipe Inspection System by Guide Wave Using a Long Distance Waveguide. Modern Mechanical Engineering, 5, 139-149. doi: 10.4236/mme.2015.54014.
References
[1] Bray, D.E. and Stanley, R.K. (1997) Nondestructive Evaluation, Chapter 8. CRC Press, New York, p. 103. [2] Raj, B., Rajendran, V. and Palanichamy, P. (2004) Science and Technology of Ultrasonics, Chapter 7. Alpha Science International Ltd., Oxford, p. 177. [3] McNab, A., Kirk, K.J. and Cochran, A. (1998) Ultrasonic Transducers for High Temperature Applications. IEE Proceedings—Science, Measurement and Technology, 145, 229-236.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19982210 [4] Muto, K. and Atsuta, Y. (1992) Applications of Brazed-Type Ultrasonic Probes for High and Low Temperature Uses. Nondstructive Testing and Evaluation, 7, 263-272.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10589759208953005 [5] Karasawa, H., Izumi, M., Suzuki, T., Nagai, S., Tamura, M. and Fujimori, S. (2000) Development of Under-Sodium Three-Dimensional Visual Inspection Technique Using Matrix-Arrayed Ultrasonic Transducer. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 37, 769-779.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2000.9714955 [6] Sakamoto, M., Tabaru, T., Akiyama, M. and Noma, H. (2007) Development of an AE Sensor for High Temperature. Hihakai Kensa, 56, 225-230. (In Japanese) [7] Kobayashi, M. and Jen, C.K. (2004) Piezoelectric Thick Bismuth Titanate/Lead Zirconate Titanate Composite Film Transducers for Smart NDE of Metals. Smart Materials and Structure, 13, 951-956.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/13/4/033 [8] Kobayashi, M., Jen, C.K., Ono, Y. and Moisan, J.F. (2005) Integratable High Temperature Ultrasonic Transducers for NDT of Metals and Industrial Process Monitoring. CINDE Journal, 26, 5-11. [9] Tittmann, B.R. (2003) A Novel Technique With a Magnetostrictive Transducer for in Situ Length Monitoring of a Distant Specimen. Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation for Material Science and Industries, 3, 73-78. [10] Murayama, R., Kobayashi, M., Matsumoto, K. and Kobayashi, M. (2014) Ultrasonic Inspection System Using a Long Waveguide with an Acoustic Horn for High-Temperature Structure. Journal of Sensor Technology, 4, 177-185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jst.2014.44017 [11] Thompson, R.B. (1973) A Model for the Electromagnetic Generation and Detection of Rayleigh and Lamb Wave. IEEE Transaction on Sonics and Ultrasonic, 20, 340-346.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-SU.1973.29770 [12] Hirao, M. and Ogi, H. (2003) EMATs for Science and Industry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht and London.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3743-1 [13] Ogi, H., Goda, E. and Hirao, M. (2003) Increase of Efficiency of Magnetostriction SH-Wave EMAT by Angled Bias Field: Piezomagnetic Theory and Measurement. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 42, 3020-3024.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.42.3020 [14] Hirao, M., Ogi, H. and Yasui, H. (2001) Contactless Measurement of Bolt Axial Stress Using a Shear-Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer. NDT & E International, 34, 179-183.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00055-4 [15] Nakahata, K., Terada, K., Kyoya, T., Tsukino, M. and Ishii, K. (2012) Simulation of Ultrasonic and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation for Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Using Image-Based FIT. Journal of Computational Science and Technology, 6, 28-37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jcst.6.28 [16] Nakahata, K., Schubert, F. and Köhler, B. (2011) 3-D Image-Based Simulation for Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Materials. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 30, 50-58.
[1] Bray, D.E. and Stanley, R.K. (1997) Nondestructive Evaluation, Chapter 8. CRC Press, New York, p. 103. [2] Raj, B., Rajendran, V. and Palanichamy, P. (2004) Science and Technology of Ultrasonics, Chapter 7. Alpha Science International Ltd., Oxford, p. 177. [3] McNab, A., Kirk, K.J. and Cochran, A. (1998) Ultrasonic Transducers for High Temperature Applications. IEE Proceedings—Science, Measurement and Technology, 145, 229-236.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19982210 [4] Muto, K. and Atsuta, Y. (1992) Applications of Brazed-Type Ultrasonic Probes for High and Low Temperature Uses. Nondstructive Testing and Evaluation, 7, 263-272.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10589759208953005 [5] Karasawa, H., Izumi, M., Suzuki, T., Nagai, S., Tamura, M. and Fujimori, S. (2000) Development of Under-Sodium Three-Dimensional Visual Inspection Technique Using Matrix-Arrayed Ultrasonic Transducer. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 37, 769-779.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2000.9714955 [6] Sakamoto, M., Tabaru, T., Akiyama, M. and Noma, H. (2007) Development of an AE Sensor for High Temperature. Hihakai Kensa, 56, 225-230. (In Japanese) [7] Kobayashi, M. and Jen, C.K. (2004) Piezoelectric Thick Bismuth Titanate/Lead Zirconate Titanate Composite Film Transducers for Smart NDE of Metals. Smart Materials and Structure, 13, 951-956.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/13/4/033 [8] Kobayashi, M., Jen, C.K., Ono, Y. and Moisan, J.F. (2005) Integratable High Temperature Ultrasonic Transducers for NDT of Metals and Industrial Process Monitoring. CINDE Journal, 26, 5-11. [9] Tittmann, B.R. (2003) A Novel Technique With a Magnetostrictive Transducer for in Situ Length Monitoring of a Distant Specimen. Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation for Material Science and Industries, 3, 73-78. [10] Murayama, R., Kobayashi, M., Matsumoto, K. and Kobayashi, M. (2014) Ultrasonic Inspection System Using a Long Waveguide with an Acoustic Horn for High-Temperature Structure. Journal of Sensor Technology, 4, 177-185.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jst.2014.44017 [11] Thompson, R.B. (1973) A Model for the Electromagnetic Generation and Detection of Rayleigh and Lamb Wave. IEEE Transaction on Sonics and Ultrasonic, 20, 340-346.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-SU.1973.29770 [12] Hirao, M. and Ogi, H. (2003) EMATs for Science and Industry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Dordrecht and London.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3743-1 [13] Ogi, H., Goda, E. and Hirao, M. (2003) Increase of Efficiency of Magnetostriction SH-Wave EMAT by Angled Bias Field: Piezomagnetic Theory and Measurement. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 42, 3020-3024.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.42.3020 [14] Hirao, M., Ogi, H. and Yasui, H. (2001) Contactless Measurement of Bolt Axial Stress Using a Shear-Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer. NDT & E International, 34, 179-183.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8695(00)00055-4 [15] Nakahata, K., Terada, K., Kyoya, T., Tsukino, M. and Ishii, K. (2012) Simulation of Ultrasonic and Electromagnetic Wave Propagation for Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Using Image-Based FIT. Journal of Computational Science and Technology, 6, 28-37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jcst.6.28 [16] Nakahata, K., Schubert, F. and Köhler, B. (2011) 3-D Image-Based Simulation for Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Materials. Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 30, 50-58.