Outline of a String Cosmology
Author(s)
Joseph Towe
ABSTRACT
Recent discussions attributed fermion mass to an analogue of Weyl curvature which occurred by hypothesis when closed, spin
strings swept out closed world tubes. A new degree of freedom and corresponding curvature class were attributed to “second order tubes” that were swept out by initially introduced closed tubes, etc. Curvature classes were associated by hypothesis with composite masses 
where d
enoted a mass-less spin 
field and where a
and 
respectively denoted an LH quark and an RH anti-lepton that were characterized by opposite I3 values and shared a common generation. The resulting model accounted for known quark masses and predicted a new quark of mass 30 GeV/c2. The composite masses 
form a symmetry, the preservation of which is equivalent to the conservation of electrical charge and string scale. SUGRA interactions that preserve the proposed symmetry can therefore be precisely defined. In this context, gauge transformations that establish the proposed curvature classes also associate with a second realization of the originally generated symmetry, the preservation of which is equivalent to the conservation of string length and of the curvature 
from which the postulated model generates admissible increments of large scale expansion. The latter symmetry is associated by hypothesis with the large scale structure of the observable universe, thereby motivating a theoretical approximation of the total number of galaxies. This result parallels the approximation that is indicated by observation.
Recent discussions attributed fermion mass to an analogue of Weyl curvature which occurred by hypothesis when closed, spin
strings swept out closed world tubes. A new degree of freedom and corresponding curvature class were attributed to “second order tubes” that were swept out by initially introduced closed tubes, etc. Curvature classes were associated by hypothesis with composite masses where d enoted a mass-less spin field and where a and respectively denoted an LH quark and an RH anti-lepton that were characterized by opposite I3 values and shared a common generation. The resulting model accounted for known quark masses and predicted a new quark of mass 30 GeV/c2. The composite masses form a symmetry, the preservation of which is equivalent to the conservation of electrical charge and string scale. SUGRA interactions that preserve the proposed symmetry can therefore be precisely defined. In this context, gauge transformations that establish the proposed curvature classes also associate with a second realization of the originally generated symmetry, the preservation of which is equivalent to the conservation of string length and of the curvature from which the postulated model generates admissible increments of large scale expansion. The latter symmetry is associated by hypothesis with the large scale structure of the observable universe, thereby motivating a theoretical approximation of the total number of galaxies. This result parallels the approximation that is indicated by observation.
Cite this paper
Towe, J. (2015) Outline of a String Cosmology. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1856-1863. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.613190.
Towe, J. (2015) Outline of a String Cosmology. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1856-1863. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.613190.
References
[1] Weyl, H. (1922) Space, Time and Matter. Chapter 4, Section 35, Methuen and Co. Ltd., London. [2] London, F. (1927) Quantenmechanische Deutung die Theorie von Weyl. Zeitschrift für Physik, 42, 375-389.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01397316 [3] Towe, J. (2013) On Approximating Fermion Masses in Terms of Stationary Super-String States. Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 551-554.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.44076 [4] Towe, J. (2004) A Realistic Superunification.
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0412273 [5] SLAC Virtual Visitor Center (2009) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA.
www.slac.stanford.edu [6] D’Hoker, E. and Freedman, D. (2002) Super-Symmetric Gauge Theories and the AdS/CFT Correspon-Dance.
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0201253 [7] Kaku, M. (1993) Quantum Field Theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 692-696. [8] Towe, J. (2008) The Gauge Invariant Spectrum of Local Super-Symmetry as the Universe that Is Observed. The International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 47, 2898-2903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-008-9722-1 [9] Wheeler, J.A. (1962) Curved, Empty Space as the Building Material of the Physical World, an Assessment, In: Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, Proceedings of the 1960 International Congress, 311-374.
[1] Weyl, H. (1922) Space, Time and Matter. Chapter 4, Section 35, Methuen and Co. Ltd., London. [2] London, F. (1927) Quantenmechanische Deutung die Theorie von Weyl. Zeitschrift für Physik, 42, 375-389.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01397316 [3] Towe, J. (2013) On Approximating Fermion Masses in Terms of Stationary Super-String States. Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 551-554.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.44076 [4] Towe, J. (2004) A Realistic Superunification.
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0412273 [5] SLAC Virtual Visitor Center (2009) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA.
www.slac.stanford.edu [6] D’Hoker, E. and Freedman, D. (2002) Super-Symmetric Gauge Theories and the AdS/CFT Correspon-Dance.
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0201253 [7] Kaku, M. (1993) Quantum Field Theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 692-696. [8] Towe, J. (2008) The Gauge Invariant Spectrum of Local Super-Symmetry as the Universe that Is Observed. The International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 47, 2898-2903.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-008-9722-1 [9] Wheeler, J.A. (1962) Curved, Empty Space as the Building Material of the Physical World, an Assessment, In: Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, Proceedings of the 1960 International Congress, 311-374.