The Sunspots
Author(s)
Angel Fierros Palacios*
Affiliation(s)
Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas, División de Energías Alternas, Mexico City, México.
Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas, División de Energías Alternas, Mexico City, México.
ABSTRACT
In the present paper, the theoretical frame work of magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) is used to give a solution of the problem about the origin, persistence and disappearance of the Sunspots; as well as their tendency to appear as bipolar magnetic couples. According to the results obtained, a possible explanation about the change of polarity in both solar hemispheres is given. Heuristic but logical arguments about the periodicity of the phenomenon of the observed magnetic polarity and the tendency of couples of Sunspots to appear solely in certain latitudes that can be called tropical regions of the Sun are presented. Finally, an indirect experimental test is proposed to show the possible process that produces the polarity of the Sunspots in a given cycle, as well as the invertion of that polarity in the next solar cycle.
In the present paper, the theoretical frame work of magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) is used to give a solution of the problem about the origin, persistence and disappearance of the Sunspots; as well as their tendency to appear as bipolar magnetic couples. According to the results obtained, a possible explanation about the change of polarity in both solar hemispheres is given. Heuristic but logical arguments about the periodicity of the phenomenon of the observed magnetic polarity and the tendency of couples of Sunspots to appear solely in certain latitudes that can be called tropical regions of the Sun are presented. Finally, an indirect experimental test is proposed to show the possible process that produces the polarity of the Sunspots in a given cycle, as well as the invertion of that polarity in the next solar cycle.
KEYWORDS
Magnetic Field of the Spots, Sunspots’ Theory, Magnetic Regulation of Thermal Convection, Polarity of the Sunspots Couples, Solar Cycle, Structure and Stability of the Spots, Life Time of the Spots
Magnetic Field of the Spots, Sunspots’ Theory, Magnetic Regulation of Thermal Convection, Polarity of the Sunspots Couples, Solar Cycle, Structure and Stability of the Spots, Life Time of the Spots
Cite this paper
Palacios, A. (2015) The Sunspots. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 1, 72-87. doi: 10.4236/jhepgc.2015.12007.
Palacios, A. (2015) The Sunspots. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 1, 72-87. doi: 10.4236/jhepgc.2015.12007.
References
[1] Wilson, P.R. (1994) Solar and Stellar Activity Cycles. Cambridge Astrophysics Series: 24. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511564833 [2] Fierros Palacios, A. (1994) La generación de un estímulo atmosférico y el problema de la contaminación del aire en el Valle de México. Rev. del IMP, XXVI, 47-55. [3] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1959) Fluid Mechanics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [4] Cowling, T.G. (1968) Magnetohidrodinámica. Editorial Alhambra, S.A., Madrid, Buenos Aires, México. [5] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1960) Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [6] Fierros-Palacios, A. (1992) Las ecuaciones de un fluido viscoso a partir de un principio variacional tipo Hamilton. Revista Mexicana De Fisica, 38, 518-531. [7] Fierros Palacios, A. (1998) Las ecuaciones diferenciales de campo de la magnetohidrodinámica. Revista Mexicana De Fisica, 44, 120-127. [8] Fierros-Palacios, A. (1993) La ecuación de campo para la densidad de masa. Rev. del IMP, XXV. [9] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1959) Theory of Elasticity. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [10] Gamow, G. (1967) Una estrella llamada Sol. Espasa Calpe, S.A., Madrid. [11] Spigel, M.R. (1959) Vector Analysis and an Introduction to Tensor Analysis. Schaum Publishing Co., New York. [12] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1958) Statistical Physics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [13] Unsold, A. (1979) El Nuevo Cosmos. Siglo Veintiuno Editores, S.A. [14] Resnick, R. and Halliday, D. (1966) Physics. John Wiley and Son, Inc., New York, London, Sydney. [15] Goldstein, H. (1959) Classical Mechanics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. [16] Fierros Palacios, A. (1997 y 1998) El principio tipo Hamilton en la Dinámica de los Fluidos. Primera y segunda ediciones. McGraw-Hill, Caps, VIII y XI. [17] Fierros Palacios, A. (2006) The Hamilton-Type Principle in Fluid Dynamics. Fundamentals and Applications to Magnetohydrodynamics, Thermodynamics, and Astrophysics. Springer-Verlag, Wien. [18] Reif, F. (1965) Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. International Student Edition, McGraw-Hill, London, New York.
[1] Wilson, P.R. (1994) Solar and Stellar Activity Cycles. Cambridge Astrophysics Series: 24. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511564833 [2] Fierros Palacios, A. (1994) La generación de un estímulo atmosférico y el problema de la contaminación del aire en el Valle de México. Rev. del IMP, XXVI, 47-55. [3] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1959) Fluid Mechanics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [4] Cowling, T.G. (1968) Magnetohidrodinámica. Editorial Alhambra, S.A., Madrid, Buenos Aires, México. [5] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1960) Electrodynamics of Continuous Media. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [6] Fierros-Palacios, A. (1992) Las ecuaciones de un fluido viscoso a partir de un principio variacional tipo Hamilton. Revista Mexicana De Fisica, 38, 518-531. [7] Fierros Palacios, A. (1998) Las ecuaciones diferenciales de campo de la magnetohidrodinámica. Revista Mexicana De Fisica, 44, 120-127. [8] Fierros-Palacios, A. (1993) La ecuación de campo para la densidad de masa. Rev. del IMP, XXV. [9] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1959) Theory of Elasticity. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [10] Gamow, G. (1967) Una estrella llamada Sol. Espasa Calpe, S.A., Madrid. [11] Spigel, M.R. (1959) Vector Analysis and an Introduction to Tensor Analysis. Schaum Publishing Co., New York. [12] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1958) Statistical Physics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. [13] Unsold, A. (1979) El Nuevo Cosmos. Siglo Veintiuno Editores, S.A. [14] Resnick, R. and Halliday, D. (1966) Physics. John Wiley and Son, Inc., New York, London, Sydney. [15] Goldstein, H. (1959) Classical Mechanics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. [16] Fierros Palacios, A. (1997 y 1998) El principio tipo Hamilton en la Dinámica de los Fluidos. Primera y segunda ediciones. McGraw-Hill, Caps, VIII y XI. [17] Fierros Palacios, A. (2006) The Hamilton-Type Principle in Fluid Dynamics. Fundamentals and Applications to Magnetohydrodynamics, Thermodynamics, and Astrophysics. Springer-Verlag, Wien. [18] Reif, F. (1965) Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. International Student Edition, McGraw-Hill, London, New York.