Effects of Media Composition and Auxins on Adventitious Rooting of Bienertia sinuspersici Cuttings
ABSTRACT
An efficient in vitro method for rapid vegetative propagation of Bienertia sinuspersici, one of four terrestrial species of family Chenopodiaceae capable of performing C4 photosynthesis within a single cell, was developed. Cuttings of B. sinuspersici were used to examine the effects of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media strength and auxins on adventitious root formation. Half-strength MS medium was determined to be ideal for adventitious root formation in Bienertia cuttings. Although cuttings cultured in medium containing 5.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) promoted the highest number of adventitious roots, cuttings cultured in medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced the longest adventitious roots and had the highest survival rate upon transplanting to soil. Histological analysis revealed variations in the root anatomy generated by the various auxins which may affect adventitious root formation and subsequent establishment of cuttings in soil. Overall, the established procedure provides a simple and cost-effective means for the rapid propagation of the single-cell C4 species B. sinuspersici.
An efficient in vitro method for rapid vegetative propagation of Bienertia sinuspersici, one of four terrestrial species of family Chenopodiaceae capable of performing C4 photosynthesis within a single cell, was developed. Cuttings of B. sinuspersici were used to examine the effects of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media strength and auxins on adventitious root formation. Half-strength MS medium was determined to be ideal for adventitious root formation in Bienertia cuttings. Although cuttings cultured in medium containing 5.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) promoted the highest number of adventitious roots, cuttings cultured in medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) produced the longest adventitious roots and had the highest survival rate upon transplanting to soil. Histological analysis revealed variations in the root anatomy generated by the various auxins which may affect adventitious root formation and subsequent establishment of cuttings in soil. Overall, the established procedure provides a simple and cost-effective means for the rapid propagation of the single-cell C4 species B. sinuspersici.
KEYWORDS
Bienertia sinuspersici, Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis, MS Media, Auxins, Adventitious Roots
Bienertia sinuspersici, Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis, MS Media, Auxins, Adventitious Roots
Cite this paper
Northmore, J. , Leung, M. and Chuong, S. (2015) Effects of Media Composition and Auxins on Adventitious Rooting of Bienertia sinuspersici Cuttings. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6, 629-636. doi: 10.4236/abb.2015.610066.
Northmore, J. , Leung, M. and Chuong, S. (2015) Effects of Media Composition and Auxins on Adventitious Rooting of Bienertia sinuspersici Cuttings. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6, 629-636. doi: 10.4236/abb.2015.610066.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/0363644054223684 [2] Voznesenskaya, E.V., Franceschi, V.R., Kiirats, O., Artyusheva, E.G., Freitag, H. and Edwards, G.E. (2001) Proof of C4 Photosynthesis without Kranz Anatomy in Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae). Plant Journal, 31, 649-662.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01385.x [3] Chuong, S.D.X., Franceschi, V.R. and Edwards, G.E. (2006) The Cytoskeleton Maintains Organelle Partitioning Required for Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae Species. Plant Cell, 18, 2207-2223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.036186 [4] Kesari, V. and Krishnamacheri, A. (2007) Effect of Auxins on Adventitious Rooting from Stem Cuttings of Candidate plus Tree Pongamia pinnata (L.), a Potential Biodiesel Plant. Trees, 23, 597-604.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-008-0304-x [5] Thorpe, T.A. (2007) History of Plant Tissue Culture. Molecular Biotechnology, 37, 169-180.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-007-0031-3 [6] Evan, B.R., Bali, G., Foston, M., Ragauskas, A.J., O’Neil, H.M., Shah, R., McGaughey, J., Reeves, D., Rempe, C.S. and Davison, B.H. (2015) Production of Deuterated Switchgrass by Hydroponic Cultivation. Planta, 242, 215-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2298-0 [7] This, P., Lacombe, T. and Thomas, M.R. (2006) Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes. Trends in Genetics, 22, 511-519.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008 [8] Belide, S., Hac, L., Singh, S.P., Green, A.G. and Wood, C.C. (2011) Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Safflower and the Efficient Recovery of Transgenic Plants via Grafting. Plant Methods, 7, 12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-7-12 [9] Jaganath, B., Subramanyam, K., Subramanian, M., Karthik, S., Elayaraja, D., Udayakumar, R., Manickavasagam, M. and Ganapathi, A. (2014) An Efficient in Planta Transformation of Jatrophacurcas (L.) and Multiplication of Transformed Plants through in Vivo Grafting. Protoplasma, 251, 591-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-013-0558-z [10] Skoog, F. and Miller, C.O. (1957) Chemical Regulation of Growth and Organ Formation in Plant Tissue Cultured in Vitro. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 11, 118-131. [11] Rosnow, J., Offermann, S., Park, J., Okita, T.W., Tarlyn, N., Dhingra, A. and Edwards, G.E. (2011) In Vitro Culture and Regeneration of Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae) under Increasing Concentrations of Sodium Chloride and Carbon Dioxide. Plant Cell Reports, 30, 1541-1553.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-011-1067-1 [12] Northmore, J.A., Zhou, V. and Chuong, S.D.X. (2012) Multiple Shoot Induction and Plant Regeneration of the Single-Cell C4 Species Bienertia sinuspersici. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 108, 101-109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0018-4 [13] Huang, L. and Murashige, T. (1977) Plant Tissue Culture Media: Major Constitutents, Their Preparation and Some Applications. Methods in Cell Science, 3, 539-548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00918758 [14] Zimmerman, R.H. (1984) Rooting Apple Cultivars in Vitro: Interactions among Light, Temperature, Phloroglucinol and Auxin. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 3, 301-311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043081 [15] Martin, K.P., Zhang, C.L., Hembrom, M.E., Slater, A. and Madassery, J. (2008) Adventitious Root Induction in Ophiorrhiza prostrata: A Tool for the Production of Camptothecin (an Anticancer Drug) and Rapid Propagation. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 2, 163-169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11816-008-0057-4 [16] Overvoorde, P., Fukaki, H. and Beeckman, T. (2010) Auxin Control of Root Development. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2, a001537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001537 [17] Grieneisen, V.A., Xu, J., Maréem, A.F.M., Hogeweg, P. and Scheres, B. (2007) Auxin Transport Is Sufficient to Generate a Maximum and Gradient Guiding Root Growth. Nature, 449, 1008-1013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06215 [18] Saxena, C., Samantaray, S., Rout, G.R. and Das, P. (2000) Effect of Auxins on in Vitro Rooting of Plumbago zeylanica: Peroxidase Activity as a Marker for Root Induction. Biologia Plantarum, 43, 121-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026519417080 [19] Foga?a, C.M. and Fett-Neto, A.G. (2004) Role of Auxin and Its Modulators in the Adventitious Rooting of Eucalyptus Species Differing in Recalcitrance. Plant Growth Regulation, 45, 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-004-6547-7 [20] Amri, E., Lyaruu, H.M.V., Nyomora, A.S. and Kanyeka, Z.L. (2009) Vegetative Propagation of African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.): Effects of Age of Donor Plant, IBA Treatment and Cutting Position on Rooting Ability of Stem Cuttings. New Forests, 39, 183-194. [21] Majeed, M., Khan, M.A. and Mughal, A.H. (2009) Vegetative Propagation of Aesculus indica through Stem Cuttings Treated with Plant Growth Regulators. Journal of Forest Research, 20, 171-173.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-009-0031-1 [22] Bettaieb, T., Mhamdi, M. and Hajlaoui, I. (2008) Micropropagation of Nolina recurvata Hemsl.: β-Cyclodextrin Effects on Rooting. Science Horticulturae, 117, 366-368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.023 [23] De Klerk, G.J., Krieken, W.V.D. and Jong, J. (1999) The Formation of Adventitious Roots: New Concepts, New Possibilities. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 35, 189-199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-999-0076-z [24] Fawcett, C.H., Wain, R.L. and Wightman, F. (1960) The Metabolism of 3-Indolylalkanecarboxylic Acids, and Their Amides, Nitriles and Methyl Esters in Plant Tissues. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 152, 231-254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0035
[1] Akhani, H., Barroca, J., Koteyeva, N., Voznesenskaya, E.V., Franceschi, V.R., Edwards, G.E., Ghaffari, S.M., Stichler, W. and Ziegler, H. (2005) Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae): A New Species from SW Asia and Discovery of a Third Terrestrial C4 Plant without Kranz Anatomy. Systematic Botany, 30, 290-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/0363644054223684 [2] Voznesenskaya, E.V., Franceschi, V.R., Kiirats, O., Artyusheva, E.G., Freitag, H. and Edwards, G.E. (2001) Proof of C4 Photosynthesis without Kranz Anatomy in Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae). Plant Journal, 31, 649-662.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01385.x [3] Chuong, S.D.X., Franceschi, V.R. and Edwards, G.E. (2006) The Cytoskeleton Maintains Organelle Partitioning Required for Single-Cell C4 Photosynthesis in Chenopodiaceae Species. Plant Cell, 18, 2207-2223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.105.036186 [4] Kesari, V. and Krishnamacheri, A. (2007) Effect of Auxins on Adventitious Rooting from Stem Cuttings of Candidate plus Tree Pongamia pinnata (L.), a Potential Biodiesel Plant. Trees, 23, 597-604.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-008-0304-x [5] Thorpe, T.A. (2007) History of Plant Tissue Culture. Molecular Biotechnology, 37, 169-180.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-007-0031-3 [6] Evan, B.R., Bali, G., Foston, M., Ragauskas, A.J., O’Neil, H.M., Shah, R., McGaughey, J., Reeves, D., Rempe, C.S. and Davison, B.H. (2015) Production of Deuterated Switchgrass by Hydroponic Cultivation. Planta, 242, 215-222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2298-0 [7] This, P., Lacombe, T. and Thomas, M.R. (2006) Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes. Trends in Genetics, 22, 511-519.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008 [8] Belide, S., Hac, L., Singh, S.P., Green, A.G. and Wood, C.C. (2011) Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Safflower and the Efficient Recovery of Transgenic Plants via Grafting. Plant Methods, 7, 12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-7-12 [9] Jaganath, B., Subramanyam, K., Subramanian, M., Karthik, S., Elayaraja, D., Udayakumar, R., Manickavasagam, M. and Ganapathi, A. (2014) An Efficient in Planta Transformation of Jatrophacurcas (L.) and Multiplication of Transformed Plants through in Vivo Grafting. Protoplasma, 251, 591-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-013-0558-z [10] Skoog, F. and Miller, C.O. (1957) Chemical Regulation of Growth and Organ Formation in Plant Tissue Cultured in Vitro. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 11, 118-131. [11] Rosnow, J., Offermann, S., Park, J., Okita, T.W., Tarlyn, N., Dhingra, A. and Edwards, G.E. (2011) In Vitro Culture and Regeneration of Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae) under Increasing Concentrations of Sodium Chloride and Carbon Dioxide. Plant Cell Reports, 30, 1541-1553.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-011-1067-1 [12] Northmore, J.A., Zhou, V. and Chuong, S.D.X. (2012) Multiple Shoot Induction and Plant Regeneration of the Single-Cell C4 Species Bienertia sinuspersici. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 108, 101-109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0018-4 [13] Huang, L. and Murashige, T. (1977) Plant Tissue Culture Media: Major Constitutents, Their Preparation and Some Applications. Methods in Cell Science, 3, 539-548.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00918758 [14] Zimmerman, R.H. (1984) Rooting Apple Cultivars in Vitro: Interactions among Light, Temperature, Phloroglucinol and Auxin. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 3, 301-311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043081 [15] Martin, K.P., Zhang, C.L., Hembrom, M.E., Slater, A. and Madassery, J. (2008) Adventitious Root Induction in Ophiorrhiza prostrata: A Tool for the Production of Camptothecin (an Anticancer Drug) and Rapid Propagation. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 2, 163-169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11816-008-0057-4 [16] Overvoorde, P., Fukaki, H. and Beeckman, T. (2010) Auxin Control of Root Development. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2, a001537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001537 [17] Grieneisen, V.A., Xu, J., Maréem, A.F.M., Hogeweg, P. and Scheres, B. (2007) Auxin Transport Is Sufficient to Generate a Maximum and Gradient Guiding Root Growth. Nature, 449, 1008-1013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06215 [18] Saxena, C., Samantaray, S., Rout, G.R. and Das, P. (2000) Effect of Auxins on in Vitro Rooting of Plumbago zeylanica: Peroxidase Activity as a Marker for Root Induction. Biologia Plantarum, 43, 121-124.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026519417080 [19] Foga?a, C.M. and Fett-Neto, A.G. (2004) Role of Auxin and Its Modulators in the Adventitious Rooting of Eucalyptus Species Differing in Recalcitrance. Plant Growth Regulation, 45, 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-004-6547-7 [20] Amri, E., Lyaruu, H.M.V., Nyomora, A.S. and Kanyeka, Z.L. (2009) Vegetative Propagation of African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.): Effects of Age of Donor Plant, IBA Treatment and Cutting Position on Rooting Ability of Stem Cuttings. New Forests, 39, 183-194. [21] Majeed, M., Khan, M.A. and Mughal, A.H. (2009) Vegetative Propagation of Aesculus indica through Stem Cuttings Treated with Plant Growth Regulators. Journal of Forest Research, 20, 171-173.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-009-0031-1 [22] Bettaieb, T., Mhamdi, M. and Hajlaoui, I. (2008) Micropropagation of Nolina recurvata Hemsl.: β-Cyclodextrin Effects on Rooting. Science Horticulturae, 117, 366-368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.023 [23] De Klerk, G.J., Krieken, W.V.D. and Jong, J. (1999) The Formation of Adventitious Roots: New Concepts, New Possibilities. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 35, 189-199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-999-0076-z [24] Fawcett, C.H., Wain, R.L. and Wightman, F. (1960) The Metabolism of 3-Indolylalkanecarboxylic Acids, and Their Amides, Nitriles and Methyl Esters in Plant Tissues. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B, 152, 231-254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1960.0035