Local Particle-Ghost Symmetry
Author(s)
Yoshiharu Kawamura*
ABSTRACT
We study the quantization of systems with local particle-ghost symmetries. The systems contain ordinary particles including gauge bosons and their counterparts obeying different statistics. The particle-ghost symmetries are new type of fermionic symmetries between ordinary particles and their ghost partners, different from the space-time supersymmetry and the BRST symmetry. There is a possibility that they are useful to explain phenomena of elementary particles at a more fundamental level, by extension of our systems. We show that our systems are formulated consistently or subsidiary conditions on states guarantee the unitarity of systems, as the first step towards the construction of a realistic fundamental theory.
We study the quantization of systems with local particle-ghost symmetries. The systems contain ordinary particles including gauge bosons and their counterparts obeying different statistics. The particle-ghost symmetries are new type of fermionic symmetries between ordinary particles and their ghost partners, different from the space-time supersymmetry and the BRST symmetry. There is a possibility that they are useful to explain phenomena of elementary particles at a more fundamental level, by extension of our systems. We show that our systems are formulated consistently or subsidiary conditions on states guarantee the unitarity of systems, as the first step towards the construction of a realistic fundamental theory.
Cite this paper
Kawamura, Y. (2015) Local Particle-Ghost Symmetry. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1721-1736. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.612174.
Kawamura, Y. (2015) Local Particle-Ghost Symmetry. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1721-1736. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.612174.
References
[1] Neveu, A. and Schwarz, J.H. (1971) Nuclear Physics B, 31, 86-112.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(71)90448-2 [2] Ramond, P. (1971) Physical Review D, 3, 2415-2418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.3.2415 [3] Aharonov, Y., Casher, A. and Susskind, L. (1971) Physics Letters B, 35, 512-514.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(71)90386-8 [4] Gervais, J.L. and Sakita, B. (1971) Nuclear Physics B, 34, 632-639.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(71)90351-8 [5] Becchi, C., Rouet, A. and Stora, R. (1975) Communications in Mathematical Physics, 42, 127-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614158 [6] Becchi, C., Rouet, A. and Stora, R. (1976) Annals of Physics, 98, 287-321.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(76)90156-1 [7] Tyutin, V. (1975) Gauge Invariance in Field Theory and Statistical Physics in Operator Formalism. Lebedev Physical Institute Report No.39, arXiv:0812.0580 [hep-th]. [8] Wess, J. and Zumino, B. (1974) Nuclear Physics B, 70, 39-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(74)90355-1 [9] Wess, J. and Bagger, J. (1991) Supersymmetry and Supergravity. 2nd Edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton. [10] Salam, A. and Strathdee, J. (1975) Physical Review D, 11, 1521-1535.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.11.1521 [11] Haag, R., Lopuszański, J.T. and Sohnius, M. (1975) Nuclear Physics B, 88, 257-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(75)90279-5 [12] Faddeev, L.D. and Popov, N. (1967) Physics Letters B, 25, 29-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(67)90067-6 [13] Kugo, T. and Ojima, I. (1978) Physics Letters B, 73, 459-462.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(78)90765-7 [14] Kugo, T. and Ojima, I. (1979) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 66, 1-130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.66.1 [15] Kawamura, Y. (2015) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 30, Article ID: 1550153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15501535 [16] Kawamura, Y. (2014) Fermionic Scalar Field.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.6155 [17] Kawamura, Y. (2015) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 30, Article ID: 1550056.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15500566 [18] Kawamura, Y. (2015) Quantization of Systems with OSp(2|2) Symmetry.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00751 [19] Giddings, S. and Strominger, A. (1988) Nuclear Physics B, 306, 890-907.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90446-4 [20] Parisi, G. and Sourlas, N. (1979) Physical Review Letters, 43, 744-745.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.744 [21] Witten, E. (1982) Journal of Differential Geometry, 17, 661-692. [22] Kawamura, Y. (2015) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 30, Article ID: 1550109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15501092 [23] Okuda, T. and Takayanagi, T. (2006) Journal of High Energy Physics, 2006, 62. [24] Terashima, S. (2006) Journal of High Energy Physics, 2006, 67.
[1] Neveu, A. and Schwarz, J.H. (1971) Nuclear Physics B, 31, 86-112.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(71)90448-2 [2] Ramond, P. (1971) Physical Review D, 3, 2415-2418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.3.2415 [3] Aharonov, Y., Casher, A. and Susskind, L. (1971) Physics Letters B, 35, 512-514.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(71)90386-8 [4] Gervais, J.L. and Sakita, B. (1971) Nuclear Physics B, 34, 632-639.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(71)90351-8 [5] Becchi, C., Rouet, A. and Stora, R. (1975) Communications in Mathematical Physics, 42, 127-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614158 [6] Becchi, C., Rouet, A. and Stora, R. (1976) Annals of Physics, 98, 287-321.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4916(76)90156-1 [7] Tyutin, V. (1975) Gauge Invariance in Field Theory and Statistical Physics in Operator Formalism. Lebedev Physical Institute Report No.39, arXiv:0812.0580 [hep-th]. [8] Wess, J. and Zumino, B. (1974) Nuclear Physics B, 70, 39-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(74)90355-1 [9] Wess, J. and Bagger, J. (1991) Supersymmetry and Supergravity. 2nd Edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton. [10] Salam, A. and Strathdee, J. (1975) Physical Review D, 11, 1521-1535.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.11.1521 [11] Haag, R., Lopuszański, J.T. and Sohnius, M. (1975) Nuclear Physics B, 88, 257-274.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(75)90279-5 [12] Faddeev, L.D. and Popov, N. (1967) Physics Letters B, 25, 29-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(67)90067-6 [13] Kugo, T. and Ojima, I. (1978) Physics Letters B, 73, 459-462.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(78)90765-7 [14] Kugo, T. and Ojima, I. (1979) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 66, 1-130.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.66.1 [15] Kawamura, Y. (2015) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 30, Article ID: 1550153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15501535 [16] Kawamura, Y. (2014) Fermionic Scalar Field.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.6155 [17] Kawamura, Y. (2015) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 30, Article ID: 1550056.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15500566 [18] Kawamura, Y. (2015) Quantization of Systems with OSp(2|2) Symmetry.
http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00751 [19] Giddings, S. and Strominger, A. (1988) Nuclear Physics B, 306, 890-907.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90446-4 [20] Parisi, G. and Sourlas, N. (1979) Physical Review Letters, 43, 744-745.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.744 [21] Witten, E. (1982) Journal of Differential Geometry, 17, 661-692. [22] Kawamura, Y. (2015) International Journal of Modern Physics A, 30, Article ID: 1550109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X15501092 [23] Okuda, T. and Takayanagi, T. (2006) Journal of High Energy Physics, 2006, 62. [24] Terashima, S. (2006) Journal of High Energy Physics, 2006, 67.