Migratory Phenomenons, Bioethics and Vaccinations
Author(s)
Giulio Tarro1,2
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 2 Committee on Biotechnologies and Virus Sphere, World Academy of Biomedical Technologies, UNESCO, Paris, France.
1 Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 2 Committee on Biotechnologies and Virus Sphere, World Academy of Biomedical Technologies, UNESCO, Paris, France.
ABSTRACT
The evolution of the HIV following migratory phenomenons is reported in an interesting study carried on for 15 years. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique in molecular biology that amplifies a specific region of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and has been useful in the molecular characterization of viruses as poxviruses. In many countries, such as Italy,the vaccinations are included in the so-called sanitary obliged not coercive treatments. This means that the obligation is anticipated for all the subjects belonging to one determined range of age to undergo some vaccinations, but these are not subministrated by force in case of refusal. The legitimacy of the obligatory vaccination against the smallpox, with all the risks connected, stated that such “risks were too much reduced to be seriously taken in consideration for the benefits produced on the collectivity”. To ratify this obligation brings, however, to the reimbursement of the incidental damages produced by the vaccination. Nevertheless, mass vaccination against smallpox continues to be a leading initiative in western countries to guard against bioterrorist attack.
The evolution of the HIV following migratory phenomenons is reported in an interesting study carried on for 15 years. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique in molecular biology that amplifies a specific region of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and has been useful in the molecular characterization of viruses as poxviruses. In many countries, such as Italy,the vaccinations are included in the so-called sanitary obliged not coercive treatments. This means that the obligation is anticipated for all the subjects belonging to one determined range of age to undergo some vaccinations, but these are not subministrated by force in case of refusal. The legitimacy of the obligatory vaccination against the smallpox, with all the risks connected, stated that such “risks were too much reduced to be seriously taken in consideration for the benefits produced on the collectivity”. To ratify this obligation brings, however, to the reimbursement of the incidental damages produced by the vaccination. Nevertheless, mass vaccination against smallpox continues to be a leading initiative in western countries to guard against bioterrorist attack.
Cite this paper
Tarro, G. (2015) Migratory Phenomenons, Bioethics and Vaccinations. Advances in Microbiology, 5, 720-723. doi: 10.4236/aim.2015.510075.
Tarro, G. (2015) Migratory Phenomenons, Bioethics and Vaccinations. Advances in Microbiology, 5, 720-723. doi: 10.4236/aim.2015.510075.
References
[1] Tarro, G. (2014) New Development on Tumor Associated Antigen with Specific Target toward Lung Cancer. International Journal of Research in Medical and Health Sciences, 3, 2307-2083. [2] Tarro, G. (2013) Origin of the Viruses and Their Evolutionary History. Advance Studies in Biology, 5, 423-430. [3] Tarro, G. and Altucci, P. (2014) Mycoplasmas and Mycoplasmosis: 20 Years Ago. Atti dell’Accademia Lancisiana Simposio Il Policlinico, 121, 229-245. [4] Tarro, G. (2014) Viral Latency, Molecular Pathogenesis and Malignancy. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science, 14, 2249-4626. [5] Tarro, G. and Esposito, C. (2011) Emerging Viral Agents at Risk in Global Health Approaches to Early Diagnosis and Prompt Therapy. International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BIOCOM’11), Las Vegas, Nevada, 18-21 July 2011.
[1] Tarro, G. (2014) New Development on Tumor Associated Antigen with Specific Target toward Lung Cancer. International Journal of Research in Medical and Health Sciences, 3, 2307-2083. [2] Tarro, G. (2013) Origin of the Viruses and Their Evolutionary History. Advance Studies in Biology, 5, 423-430. [3] Tarro, G. and Altucci, P. (2014) Mycoplasmas and Mycoplasmosis: 20 Years Ago. Atti dell’Accademia Lancisiana Simposio Il Policlinico, 121, 229-245. [4] Tarro, G. (2014) Viral Latency, Molecular Pathogenesis and Malignancy. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science, 14, 2249-4626. [5] Tarro, G. and Esposito, C. (2011) Emerging Viral Agents at Risk in Global Health Approaches to Early Diagnosis and Prompt Therapy. International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BIOCOM’11), Las Vegas, Nevada, 18-21 July 2011.