Potential for Growing Salvia hispanica L., Areas under Rainfed Conditions in Mexico
Affiliation(s)
1 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)-Centro de Investigación Regional Sureste, Programa para el Desarrollo de los Trópicos, Mérida, México. 2 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Mocochá, México.
1 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)-Centro de Investigación Regional Sureste, Programa para el Desarrollo de los Trópicos, Mérida, México. 2 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Mocochá, México.
ABSTRACT
The Salvia hispanica L. is an endemic species Mexican plant, which relevance relies upon its properties as a natural source of omega 3 (α-linolenic acid), soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, plus some other significant nutritional components. Due to the growing relevance generated by this crop, it became necessary to characterize its physical environment, as well as the natural factors related with its cultivation nationwide, aiming to find those most suitable for its production under rainfed conditions, looking forward to provide the basis to make a decision regarding where to target the agriculture promotion of such cropland. The software used for data process and analysis was the Arc/View 3.3 version. Thus, the crop requirements were recognized in order to analyze those most suitable for chia development in each one of its selected variables in the study hereby. The regionalization and mapping aimed to detect both the optimal and suboptimal potential areas for such crop were carried out, afterwards. It was finally determined that Mexico holds a total of 2,512,359 hectares with an optimal or high cultivation potential, whereas the areas with a medium or suboptimal potential are close to 3,658,089 hectares, which can be set under rainfed conditions.
The Salvia hispanica L. is an endemic species Mexican plant, which relevance relies upon its properties as a natural source of omega 3 (α-linolenic acid), soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, plus some other significant nutritional components. Due to the growing relevance generated by this crop, it became necessary to characterize its physical environment, as well as the natural factors related with its cultivation nationwide, aiming to find those most suitable for its production under rainfed conditions, looking forward to provide the basis to make a decision regarding where to target the agriculture promotion of such cropland. The software used for data process and analysis was the Arc/View 3.3 version. Thus, the crop requirements were recognized in order to analyze those most suitable for chia development in each one of its selected variables in the study hereby. The regionalization and mapping aimed to detect both the optimal and suboptimal potential areas for such crop were carried out, afterwards. It was finally determined that Mexico holds a total of 2,512,359 hectares with an optimal or high cultivation potential, whereas the areas with a medium or suboptimal potential are close to 3,658,089 hectares, which can be set under rainfed conditions.
Cite this paper
Ramírez-Jaramillo, G. and Lozano-Contreras, M. (2015) Potential for Growing Salvia hispanica L., Areas under Rainfed Conditions in Mexico. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 1048-1057. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.69100.
Ramírez-Jaramillo, G. and Lozano-Contreras, M. (2015) Potential for Growing Salvia hispanica L., Areas under Rainfed Conditions in Mexico. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 1048-1057. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.69100.
References
[1] Salazar-Vega, M.I., Rosado-Rubio, J.G., Chel-Guerrero, L.A., Betancur-Ancona, D.A. and Castellanos-Ruelas, A.F. (2009) Composición en ácido graso alfa linolénico (ω3) en huevo y carne de aves empleando chia (Salvia hispanica L.) en el alimento. Interciencia, 34, 209-213.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33911542012 [2] Codex Mendoza 1542 (1925) Edition of Francisco del Paso and Troncoso. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Etnografia, Mexico. [3] Ayerza, R. and Coates, W. (2004) Composition of Chia (Salvia hispanica) Grown in Six Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems of South America. Tropical Science, 44, 131-135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ts.154 [4] Servicio de Información y Estadística Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP) (2014) Sistema de Información Agropecuarias de Consulta (SIACON). Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Versión 1.1. México, D.F.
http://www.siap.gob.mx [5] Muñozab, L.A., Cobosa, A., Diaza, O. and Aguilerab, J.M. (2013) Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food. Food Reviews International, 29, 394-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2013.818014 [6] Vázquez-Ovando, A., Rosado-Rubio, G.L., Chel-Guerrero, L. and Betancur-Ancona, D. (2009) Physicochemical Properties of a Fibrous Fraction from Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Food Science and Technology, 42, 168-173. [7] Ayerza, R., Coates, W. and Lauria, M. (2002) Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as an ω-3 Fatty Acid Source for Broilers: Influence on Fatty Acid Composition, Cholesterol and Fat Content of White and Dark Meats, Growth Performance, and Sensory Characteristics. Poultry Science, 81, 826-837.
http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/content/81/6/826.full.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.6.826 [8] Cahill, J.P. (2004) Genetic Diversity among Varieties of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51, 773-781.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:GRES.0000034583.20407.80 [9] Beltrán-Orozco, M.C. and Romero, M.R. (2003) Chía, alimento milenario. In: Alfa Editores Técnicos, S.A., Ed., Revista Industria Alimentaria, Septiembre-Octubre, Iztapalapa, México D.F., 22-25. [10] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1996) Informe nacional para la conferencia técnica internacional de la FAO sobre los recursos filogenéticos. Elaborado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP), México, 15. [11] Baradas, M.W. (1994) Crop Requirements of Tropical. In: Griffiths, J.F., Ed., Handbook of Agricultural Meteorology, Oxford University Press, New York, 10-15. [12] Benacchio, S.S. (1982) Algunas exigencias agroecológicas en 58 especies de cultivo con potencial de producción en el Trópico Americano. In: FONAIAP-Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría, Maracay, 35-39. [13] Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A.H. (1979) Efectos del agua sobre los rendimientos de los cultivos. Estudio FAO: Riego y Drenaje No. 33, Roma. [14] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2014) Ecocrop, Requerimientos ecológicos de las especies vegetales, base de datos. Roma. [15] García, E. (1988) Modificaciones al Sistema de Clasificación Climática de Köppen. UNAM, México, D.F. [16] Ruiz Corral, J.A., Medina García, G., González Acuña, I.J., Flores López, H.E., Ramírez Ojeda, G., Ortiz Trejo, C., Byerly Murphy, K.F. and Martínez Parra, R.A. (1999) Requerimientos agroecológicos de Cultivos. Libro Técnico No. 3. Centro de Investigación Regional Pacífico Centro. INIFAP, SAGAR, Guadalajara. [17] Warrington, I.J. and Kanemasu, E.T. (1983) Corn Growth Response to Temperature and Photoperiod. I. Seedling Emergence, Tassel Initiation and Anthesis. Agronomy Journal, 75, 749-754.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1983.00021962007500050008x [18] INIFAP-SARH (1993) Determinación del Potencial Productivo de Especies Vegetales por Distrito de Desarrollo Rural en Campeche, SARH-INIFAP. Mérida, Yucatan. [19] INIFAP-SARH (1993) Determinación del Potencial Productivo de Especies Vegetales para el estado de Yucatán, SARH-INIFAP. Mérida, Yucatan. [20] INIFAP-SARH (1993) Determinación del Potencial Productivo de Especies Vegetales por Distrito de Desarrollo Rural en Yucatán, SARH-INIFAP. Mérida, Yucatan. [21] Ramírez, J.G. (1995) áreas con Potencial para el Cultivo de Palma Aceitera en Campeche. INIFAP. Campo Experimental Edzná. Folleto técnico, 4-10. [22] Ramírez, J.G. (2000) Atlas Geográfico del Estado de Yucatán. CD interactivo INIFAP-SISIERRA-CONACYT-Fundación Produce Yucatán A.C., Campo Experimental Mocochá. Mocochá, Yucatan. [23] Ramírez, J.G., Dzib, E.R., Avilés, B.W.I. and Perez, M.L.A. (2006) Estudio Estratégico de la Cadena Agroindustrial: Chile Habanero. CD interactivo INIFAP-ENPRODAY. Campo Experimental Mococha, Mococha. [24] ESRI (1996) ArcView GIS. The Geographic Information System for Everyone. [25] Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) (2012) Chía, una alternativa productiva en auge. INTA informa. José Luis Giménez Monge, jefe de la división legumbres y cultivos extensivos del INTA. Salta. [26] Dubois, V., Breton, S., Linder, M., Fanni, J. and Parmentier, M. (2007) Fatty Acid Profiles of 80 Vegetable Oils with Regard to Their Nutritional Potential. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109, 710-732.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200700040 [27] Ayerza, R. and Coates, W. (2009) Influence of Environment on Growing Period and Yield, Protein, Oil and Alfa-Linolenic Content of Three Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Selections. Industrial Crops and Products, 30, 321-324.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.03.009 [28] Peiretti, P.G. and Gai, F. (2009) Fatty Acid and Nutritive Quality of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds and Plant during Growth. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 148, 267-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.04.006 [29] Ayerza, R. (2010) Effects of Seed Color and Growing Locations on Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Two Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Genotypes. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 87, 1161-1165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1597-7 [30] Ayerza, R. (1995) Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) from Five Northwestern Locations in Argentina. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 72, 1079-1081.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02660727 [31] Ayerza, R. and Coates, W. (2011) Protein Content, Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profiles as Potential Criteria to Determine the Origin of Commercially Grown Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 2, 1366-1371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.12.007
[1] Salazar-Vega, M.I., Rosado-Rubio, J.G., Chel-Guerrero, L.A., Betancur-Ancona, D.A. and Castellanos-Ruelas, A.F. (2009) Composición en ácido graso alfa linolénico (ω3) en huevo y carne de aves empleando chia (Salvia hispanica L.) en el alimento. Interciencia, 34, 209-213.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=33911542012 [2] Codex Mendoza 1542 (1925) Edition of Francisco del Paso and Troncoso. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Historia y Etnografia, Mexico. [3] Ayerza, R. and Coates, W. (2004) Composition of Chia (Salvia hispanica) Grown in Six Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems of South America. Tropical Science, 44, 131-135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ts.154 [4] Servicio de Información y Estadística Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP) (2014) Sistema de Información Agropecuarias de Consulta (SIACON). Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Versión 1.1. México, D.F.
http://www.siap.gob.mx [5] Muñozab, L.A., Cobosa, A., Diaza, O. and Aguilerab, J.M. (2013) Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica): An Ancient Grain and a New Functional Food. Food Reviews International, 29, 394-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2013.818014 [6] Vázquez-Ovando, A., Rosado-Rubio, G.L., Chel-Guerrero, L. and Betancur-Ancona, D. (2009) Physicochemical Properties of a Fibrous Fraction from Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Food Science and Technology, 42, 168-173. [7] Ayerza, R., Coates, W. and Lauria, M. (2002) Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as an ω-3 Fatty Acid Source for Broilers: Influence on Fatty Acid Composition, Cholesterol and Fat Content of White and Dark Meats, Growth Performance, and Sensory Characteristics. Poultry Science, 81, 826-837.
http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/content/81/6/826.full.pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.6.826 [8] Cahill, J.P. (2004) Genetic Diversity among Varieties of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51, 773-781.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:GRES.0000034583.20407.80 [9] Beltrán-Orozco, M.C. and Romero, M.R. (2003) Chía, alimento milenario. In: Alfa Editores Técnicos, S.A., Ed., Revista Industria Alimentaria, Septiembre-Octubre, Iztapalapa, México D.F., 22-25. [10] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (1996) Informe nacional para la conferencia técnica internacional de la FAO sobre los recursos filogenéticos. Elaborado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (INIFAP), México, 15. [11] Baradas, M.W. (1994) Crop Requirements of Tropical. In: Griffiths, J.F., Ed., Handbook of Agricultural Meteorology, Oxford University Press, New York, 10-15. [12] Benacchio, S.S. (1982) Algunas exigencias agroecológicas en 58 especies de cultivo con potencial de producción en el Trópico Americano. In: FONAIAP-Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría, Maracay, 35-39. [13] Doorenbos, J. and Kassam, A.H. (1979) Efectos del agua sobre los rendimientos de los cultivos. Estudio FAO: Riego y Drenaje No. 33, Roma. [14] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2014) Ecocrop, Requerimientos ecológicos de las especies vegetales, base de datos. Roma. [15] García, E. (1988) Modificaciones al Sistema de Clasificación Climática de Köppen. UNAM, México, D.F. [16] Ruiz Corral, J.A., Medina García, G., González Acuña, I.J., Flores López, H.E., Ramírez Ojeda, G., Ortiz Trejo, C., Byerly Murphy, K.F. and Martínez Parra, R.A. (1999) Requerimientos agroecológicos de Cultivos. Libro Técnico No. 3. Centro de Investigación Regional Pacífico Centro. INIFAP, SAGAR, Guadalajara. [17] Warrington, I.J. and Kanemasu, E.T. (1983) Corn Growth Response to Temperature and Photoperiod. I. Seedling Emergence, Tassel Initiation and Anthesis. Agronomy Journal, 75, 749-754.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1983.00021962007500050008x [18] INIFAP-SARH (1993) Determinación del Potencial Productivo de Especies Vegetales por Distrito de Desarrollo Rural en Campeche, SARH-INIFAP. Mérida, Yucatan. [19] INIFAP-SARH (1993) Determinación del Potencial Productivo de Especies Vegetales para el estado de Yucatán, SARH-INIFAP. Mérida, Yucatan. [20] INIFAP-SARH (1993) Determinación del Potencial Productivo de Especies Vegetales por Distrito de Desarrollo Rural en Yucatán, SARH-INIFAP. Mérida, Yucatan. [21] Ramírez, J.G. (1995) áreas con Potencial para el Cultivo de Palma Aceitera en Campeche. INIFAP. Campo Experimental Edzná. Folleto técnico, 4-10. [22] Ramírez, J.G. (2000) Atlas Geográfico del Estado de Yucatán. CD interactivo INIFAP-SISIERRA-CONACYT-Fundación Produce Yucatán A.C., Campo Experimental Mocochá. Mocochá, Yucatan. [23] Ramírez, J.G., Dzib, E.R., Avilés, B.W.I. and Perez, M.L.A. (2006) Estudio Estratégico de la Cadena Agroindustrial: Chile Habanero. CD interactivo INIFAP-ENPRODAY. Campo Experimental Mococha, Mococha. [24] ESRI (1996) ArcView GIS. The Geographic Information System for Everyone. [25] Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) (2012) Chía, una alternativa productiva en auge. INTA informa. José Luis Giménez Monge, jefe de la división legumbres y cultivos extensivos del INTA. Salta. [26] Dubois, V., Breton, S., Linder, M., Fanni, J. and Parmentier, M. (2007) Fatty Acid Profiles of 80 Vegetable Oils with Regard to Their Nutritional Potential. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 109, 710-732.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200700040 [27] Ayerza, R. and Coates, W. (2009) Influence of Environment on Growing Period and Yield, Protein, Oil and Alfa-Linolenic Content of Three Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Selections. Industrial Crops and Products, 30, 321-324.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.03.009 [28] Peiretti, P.G. and Gai, F. (2009) Fatty Acid and Nutritive Quality of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds and Plant during Growth. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 148, 267-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.04.006 [29] Ayerza, R. (2010) Effects of Seed Color and Growing Locations on Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Two Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Genotypes. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 87, 1161-1165.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-010-1597-7 [30] Ayerza, R. (1995) Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) from Five Northwestern Locations in Argentina. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 72, 1079-1081.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02660727 [31] Ayerza, R. and Coates, W. (2011) Protein Content, Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profiles as Potential Criteria to Determine the Origin of Commercially Grown Chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 2, 1366-1371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.12.007