Questionnaire Study on the Comparison among Circadian Typology, Sleep Habit, Physical and Mental Health and Meal Habit in Japanese University Athletes
Author(s)
Miyo Nakade1,
Hitomi Takeuchi2,
Takuya Uezato2,
Milada Krejci3,
Fujiko Tsuji2,
Takahiro Kawada4,
Teruki Noji4,
Tetsuo Harada2*
Affiliation(s)
1 Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokai-Gakuen University, Nagoya, Japan. 2 Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan. 3 University of Physical Education and Sports PALESTRA, Prague, Czech Republic. 4 Center for Regional Collaboration, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
1 Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokai-Gakuen University, Nagoya, Japan. 2 Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan. 3 University of Physical Education and Sports PALESTRA, Prague, Czech Republic. 4 Center for Regional Collaboration, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
ABSTRACT
It has been pointed out that Japanese university students have several problems from psychological and social points of view due to their evening-typed life. For university athletes, evening-typed life is afraid to promote reduced quality of performance and high risk to be injured during training and match. This study tries to investigate the relationship among circadian typology, sleep habit, physical and mental health and meal habit from epidemiological view point. An integrated questionnaire was administrated to 120 men athletes attending university soccer club in November 2013 and 62 ones answered it correctly. The questionnaire included the diurnal type scale which is constructed by Torsvall & ?kerstedt (1980) and questions on sleep habits and mental health, SOC scale (SOC3- UTHS) and FFQ scale. Morning-typed students showed higher quality of sleep (p = 0.015) and they tended to have higher SOC scores (p = 0.071) than the other chrono-types. Evening-typed students took higher amount of carbohydrates than the other types (p = 0.048). Circadian typology might be related to not only sleep health but also the nutritional characteristics and psychological responses to social stress in Japanese university athletes.
It has been pointed out that Japanese university students have several problems from psychological and social points of view due to their evening-typed life. For university athletes, evening-typed life is afraid to promote reduced quality of performance and high risk to be injured during training and match. This study tries to investigate the relationship among circadian typology, sleep habit, physical and mental health and meal habit from epidemiological view point. An integrated questionnaire was administrated to 120 men athletes attending university soccer club in November 2013 and 62 ones answered it correctly. The questionnaire included the diurnal type scale which is constructed by Torsvall & ?kerstedt (1980) and questions on sleep habits and mental health, SOC scale (SOC3- UTHS) and FFQ scale. Morning-typed students showed higher quality of sleep (p = 0.015) and they tended to have higher SOC scores (p = 0.071) than the other chrono-types. Evening-typed students took higher amount of carbohydrates than the other types (p = 0.048). Circadian typology might be related to not only sleep health but also the nutritional characteristics and psychological responses to social stress in Japanese university athletes.
Cite this paper
Nakade, M. , Takeuchi, H. , Uezato, T. , Krejci, M. , Tsuji, F. , Kawada, T. , Noji, T. and Harada, T. (2015) Questionnaire Study on the Comparison among Circadian Typology, Sleep Habit, Physical and Mental Health and Meal Habit in Japanese University Athletes. Psychology, 6, 1562-1569. doi: 10.4236/psych.2015.612153.
Nakade, M. , Takeuchi, H. , Uezato, T. , Krejci, M. , Tsuji, F. , Kawada, T. , Noji, T. and Harada, T. (2015) Questionnaire Study on the Comparison among Circadian Typology, Sleep Habit, Physical and Mental Health and Meal Habit in Japanese University Athletes. Psychology, 6, 1562-1569. doi: 10.4236/psych.2015.612153.
References
[1] Brouns, F. (1997). Functional Foods for Athletes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 8, 358-363.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(97)01081-9 [2] Delgado-Andrade, C., Rufián-Henares, J. A., Jiménez-Pérez, S., & Morales, F. J. (2006). Tryptophan Determination in Milk-Based Ingredients and Dried Sport Supplements by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. Food Chemistry, 98, 580-585.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.036 [3] Harada, T., Wada, K., Kondo, A., Nakade, M., Maeda, M., Noji, T., & Takeuchi, H. (2012). Chapter 22: Mental Health of Children from a Chronobiological and Epidemiological Point of View. In V. Olisah (Ed.), Essential Notes in Psychiatry (pp. 439-458). InTech.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/38801 [4] Harada, T., Nakade, M., Wada, K., Akimitsu, O., Noji, T., Krejci, M., & Takeuchi, H., (2013a). Chapter 33: Tryptophan and Sleep: Breakfast Tryptophan Content and Sleep. In: V. R. Preedy, V. B. Patel, & L.-A. Le (Eds.), Handbook of Nutrition, Diet and Sleep (pp. 473-487). Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. [5] Harada, T., Wada, K., Akimitsu, O., Krejci, M., Noji, T., Nakade, M., & Takeuchi, H. (2013b). Epidemiological Evaluation of Intervention Program to Promote Mental and Sleep Health of Sports Athletes. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 5, 155-168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v5n3p155 [6] Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010). Ethics and Methods for Biological Rhythm Research on Animals and Human Beings. Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research, 27, 1911- 1929.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2010.516381 [7] Rufián-Henares, J. A., Delgado-Andrade, C., Jiménez-Pérez, S., & Morales, F. J. (2007). Assessing Nutritional Quality of Milk-Based Sport Supplements as Determined by Furosine. Food Chemistry, 101, 573-578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.016 [8] Ryan-Krause, P. (1998). The Score on High-Tech Sports Nutrition for Adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 12, 164-166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5245(98)90251-6 [9] Takeuchi, H., Wada, K., Kawasaki, K., Krejci, M., Noji, T., Kawada, T., Nakade, M., & Harada, T. (2014). Effects of Cow Milk Intake at Breakfast on the Circadian Typology and Mental Health of Japanese Infants Aged 1 - 6 Years. Psychology, 5, 172-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.52027 [10] Torsvall, M. D., & Åkerstedt, T. A. (1980). A Diurnal Type Scale: Construction, Consistency and Validation in Shift Work. Scandinavian Journal of Work & Environmental Health, 6, 283-290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2608 [11] Wada, K., Nakade, M., Takeuchi, H., Noji, T., & Harada, T. (2010). Effects of Intervention as Introduction to Taking Protein and Vitamin Rich Breakfast and Following Sun-Light Exposure on Sleep and Mental Health of Japanese University Soccer Team Members Inhabiting Kochi Prefecture. Journal of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 15, 97-103. [12] Wada, K., Yata, S., Akimitsu, O., Krejci, M., Noji, T., Nakade, M., Takeuchi, H., & Harada, T. (2013). A Tryptophan-Rich Breakfast and Exposure to Light with Low Color Temperature at Night Improve Sleep and Salivary Melatonin Level in Japanese Students. Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 11, 4.
[1] Brouns, F. (1997). Functional Foods for Athletes. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 8, 358-363.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(97)01081-9 [2] Delgado-Andrade, C., Rufián-Henares, J. A., Jiménez-Pérez, S., & Morales, F. J. (2006). Tryptophan Determination in Milk-Based Ingredients and Dried Sport Supplements by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. Food Chemistry, 98, 580-585.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.036 [3] Harada, T., Wada, K., Kondo, A., Nakade, M., Maeda, M., Noji, T., & Takeuchi, H. (2012). Chapter 22: Mental Health of Children from a Chronobiological and Epidemiological Point of View. In V. Olisah (Ed.), Essential Notes in Psychiatry (pp. 439-458). InTech.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/38801 [4] Harada, T., Nakade, M., Wada, K., Akimitsu, O., Noji, T., Krejci, M., & Takeuchi, H., (2013a). Chapter 33: Tryptophan and Sleep: Breakfast Tryptophan Content and Sleep. In: V. R. Preedy, V. B. Patel, & L.-A. Le (Eds.), Handbook of Nutrition, Diet and Sleep (pp. 473-487). Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. [5] Harada, T., Wada, K., Akimitsu, O., Krejci, M., Noji, T., Nakade, M., & Takeuchi, H. (2013b). Epidemiological Evaluation of Intervention Program to Promote Mental and Sleep Health of Sports Athletes. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 5, 155-168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v5n3p155 [6] Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010). Ethics and Methods for Biological Rhythm Research on Animals and Human Beings. Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research, 27, 1911- 1929.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2010.516381 [7] Rufián-Henares, J. A., Delgado-Andrade, C., Jiménez-Pérez, S., & Morales, F. J. (2007). Assessing Nutritional Quality of Milk-Based Sport Supplements as Determined by Furosine. Food Chemistry, 101, 573-578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.016 [8] Ryan-Krause, P. (1998). The Score on High-Tech Sports Nutrition for Adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 12, 164-166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5245(98)90251-6 [9] Takeuchi, H., Wada, K., Kawasaki, K., Krejci, M., Noji, T., Kawada, T., Nakade, M., & Harada, T. (2014). Effects of Cow Milk Intake at Breakfast on the Circadian Typology and Mental Health of Japanese Infants Aged 1 - 6 Years. Psychology, 5, 172-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2014.52027 [10] Torsvall, M. D., & Åkerstedt, T. A. (1980). A Diurnal Type Scale: Construction, Consistency and Validation in Shift Work. Scandinavian Journal of Work & Environmental Health, 6, 283-290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2608 [11] Wada, K., Nakade, M., Takeuchi, H., Noji, T., & Harada, T. (2010). Effects of Intervention as Introduction to Taking Protein and Vitamin Rich Breakfast and Following Sun-Light Exposure on Sleep and Mental Health of Japanese University Soccer Team Members Inhabiting Kochi Prefecture. Journal of Japan Society of Physiological Anthropology, 15, 97-103. [12] Wada, K., Yata, S., Akimitsu, O., Krejci, M., Noji, T., Nakade, M., Takeuchi, H., & Harada, T. (2013). A Tryptophan-Rich Breakfast and Exposure to Light with Low Color Temperature at Night Improve Sleep and Salivary Melatonin Level in Japanese Students. Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 11, 4.