Responses of Dry Bean to Biostimulants Added to Postemergence Herbicides
ABSTRACT
The effect of biostimulants such as Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on dry bean under Ontario environmental conditions is not known. A total of 12 field experiments (6 in cranberry bean “Etna” and 6 in white bean “OAC REX”) were conducted at two locations (Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada) to evaluate the effect of Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on visible injury, shoot dry weight, height and yield of cranberry and white bean. Visible injury ranged from 0% to 7.3% in white bean and 0% to 9.4% in cranberry bean with quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon alone or in combination with Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster. The addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to herbicides evaluated had no significant effect on shoot dry weight, height, seed moisture content and yield of white or cranberry bean except with the addition of RR SoyBooster to quizalofop-p-ethyl which increased height 3.7% and the addition of the Crop Booster to bentazon which decreased shoot dry weight 12% and the addition of Crop Booster to bentazon plus fomesafen which increased shoot dry weight 17% in white bean. Based on these results, there were minimal effects from the addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to commonly used herbicides in white and cranberry bean.
The effect of biostimulants such as Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on dry bean under Ontario environmental conditions is not known. A total of 12 field experiments (6 in cranberry bean “Etna” and 6 in white bean “OAC REX”) were conducted at two locations (Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada) to evaluate the effect of Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster on visible injury, shoot dry weight, height and yield of cranberry and white bean. Visible injury ranged from 0% to 7.3% in white bean and 0% to 9.4% in cranberry bean with quizalofop-p-ethyl, bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon alone or in combination with Crop Booster and RR SoyBooster. The addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to herbicides evaluated had no significant effect on shoot dry weight, height, seed moisture content and yield of white or cranberry bean except with the addition of RR SoyBooster to quizalofop-p-ethyl which increased height 3.7% and the addition of the Crop Booster to bentazon which decreased shoot dry weight 12% and the addition of Crop Booster to bentazon plus fomesafen which increased shoot dry weight 17% in white bean. Based on these results, there were minimal effects from the addition of Crop Booster or RR SoyBooster to commonly used herbicides in white and cranberry bean.
Cite this paper
Soltani, N. , Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. (2015) Responses of Dry Bean to Biostimulants Added to Postemergence Herbicides. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 1023-1032. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.69097.
Soltani, N. , Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. (2015) Responses of Dry Bean to Biostimulants Added to Postemergence Herbicides. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 1023-1032. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.69097.
References
[1] Ontario Bean Growers (2014) Canadian Bean Production in 2014.
http://ontariobeans.on.ca/canadian-bean-production-in-2014/ [2] European Biostimulant Industry Council, EBIC (2012)
http://www.biostimulants.eu/ [3] Calvo, P., Nelson, L. and Kloepper, J.W. (2014) Agricultural Uses of Plant Biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383, 3-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8 [4] Shekhar Sharma, H.S., Fleming, C., Selby, C., Rao, J.R. and Martin, T. (2014) Plant Biostimulants: A Review on the Processing of Macroalgae and Use of Extracts for Crop Management to Reduce Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26, 465-490.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0101-9 [5] Khan, W., Rayorath, U.P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M.N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D.M., Critchley, A.T., Craigie, J.S., Norrie, J. and Prithiviraj, B. (2009) Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth and Development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28, 386-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9103-x [6] Sanderson, K.J., Jameson, P.E. and Zabkiewicz, J.A. (1987) Auxin in a Seaweed Extract: Identification and Quantitation of Indole-3-acetic Acid by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Plant Physiology, 129, 363-367.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(87)80093-7 [7] Hanson, K.R. (1988) Plant Nutritional Activators Increase Vegetable Yield. Citrus and Vegetable Magazine, 7, 10-12. [8] Chapman, V.J. and Chapman, D.J. (1980) Seaweeds and Their Uses, 3rd Edition, Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London. [9] Redmond, S. (2009) Crop Growth Promoting Products on Soys/Corn/Wheat. Crop Advances: Field Crop Reports 2009, 1-2.
http://www.ontariosoilcrop.org/docs/v6gen3.pdf [10] Al Majathoub, M. (2004) Effect of Biostimulants on Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In: Cantero-Martínez, C. and Gabiña, D., Ed., Mediterranean Rainfed Agriculture: Strategies for Sustainability, CIHEAM, Zaragoza, 147 -150. [11] Axter Agrosciences Inc. (2015) Fact Sheet-Biostimulant: Crop Booster.
http://www.axter.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crop-Booster_Fiche-Produit-ANG_March-2015.pdf [12] Axter Agrosciences Inc. (2015) Label: Crop Booster.
http://www.axter.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crop-Booster_Etiquette-ANG_March-2015vf.pdf [13] Axter Agrosciences Inc. (2015) Label: Soy Booster.
http://www.axter.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RR-Soy-Booster_Etiquette-ANG_Mars-2015.pdf [14] Van Gessel, J.M., Monks, W.D. and Quintin, R.J. (2000). Herbicides for Potential Use in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Production. Weed Technology, 14, 279-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0279:HFPUIL]2.0.CO;2 [15] Soltani, N., Bowley, S. and Sikkema, P.H. (2005) Responses of Black and Cranberry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Postemergence Herbicides. Crop Protection, 24, 15-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2004.06.003 [16] Sikkema, P.H., Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Cowan, T. (2004) Tolerance of White Beans to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides. Weed Technology, 18, 893-901.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/WT-03-043R3 [17] Wall, D.A. (1995) Bentazon Tank-Mixtures for Improved Redwood Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Control in Navy Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 9, 610-616. [18] Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P.H. (2006) Effects of Post-Emergence Application of Bentazon and Fomesafen on Eight Market Classes of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crop Protection, 25, 826-830.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.11.011 [19] Bauer, T.A., Renner, K.A., Penner, D. and Kelly, J.D. (1995). Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varietal Tolerance to Imazethapyr. Weed Science, 43, 417-424. [20] Wilson, R.G. and Miller, S.D. (1991) Dry Edible Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Responses to Imazethapyr. Weed Technology, 5, 22-26. [21] Renner, K.A. and Powell, G.E. (1992) Responses of Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Grown in Rotation to Clomazone, Imazethapyr, Bentazon, and Acifluorfen. Weed Science, 40, 127-133. [22] Arnold, N.R., Murray, W.M., Gregory, J.E. and Smeal, D. (1993) Weed Control in Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with Imazethapyr Combinations. Weed Technology, 7, 361-364. [23] Blackshaw, R.E. and Esau, R. (1991) Control of Annual Broadleaved Weeds in Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 5, 532-538.
[1] Ontario Bean Growers (2014) Canadian Bean Production in 2014.
http://ontariobeans.on.ca/canadian-bean-production-in-2014/ [2] European Biostimulant Industry Council, EBIC (2012)
http://www.biostimulants.eu/ [3] Calvo, P., Nelson, L. and Kloepper, J.W. (2014) Agricultural Uses of Plant Biostimulants. Plant and Soil, 383, 3-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8 [4] Shekhar Sharma, H.S., Fleming, C., Selby, C., Rao, J.R. and Martin, T. (2014) Plant Biostimulants: A Review on the Processing of Macroalgae and Use of Extracts for Crop Management to Reduce Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26, 465-490.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0101-9 [5] Khan, W., Rayorath, U.P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M.N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D.M., Critchley, A.T., Craigie, J.S., Norrie, J. and Prithiviraj, B. (2009) Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth and Development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28, 386-399.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9103-x [6] Sanderson, K.J., Jameson, P.E. and Zabkiewicz, J.A. (1987) Auxin in a Seaweed Extract: Identification and Quantitation of Indole-3-acetic Acid by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Plant Physiology, 129, 363-367.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(87)80093-7 [7] Hanson, K.R. (1988) Plant Nutritional Activators Increase Vegetable Yield. Citrus and Vegetable Magazine, 7, 10-12. [8] Chapman, V.J. and Chapman, D.J. (1980) Seaweeds and Their Uses, 3rd Edition, Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London. [9] Redmond, S. (2009) Crop Growth Promoting Products on Soys/Corn/Wheat. Crop Advances: Field Crop Reports 2009, 1-2.
http://www.ontariosoilcrop.org/docs/v6gen3.pdf [10] Al Majathoub, M. (2004) Effect of Biostimulants on Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In: Cantero-Martínez, C. and Gabiña, D., Ed., Mediterranean Rainfed Agriculture: Strategies for Sustainability, CIHEAM, Zaragoza, 147 -150. [11] Axter Agrosciences Inc. (2015) Fact Sheet-Biostimulant: Crop Booster.
http://www.axter.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crop-Booster_Fiche-Produit-ANG_March-2015.pdf [12] Axter Agrosciences Inc. (2015) Label: Crop Booster.
http://www.axter.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crop-Booster_Etiquette-ANG_March-2015vf.pdf [13] Axter Agrosciences Inc. (2015) Label: Soy Booster.
http://www.axter.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RR-Soy-Booster_Etiquette-ANG_Mars-2015.pdf [14] Van Gessel, J.M., Monks, W.D. and Quintin, R.J. (2000). Herbicides for Potential Use in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Production. Weed Technology, 14, 279-286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0279:HFPUIL]2.0.CO;2 [15] Soltani, N., Bowley, S. and Sikkema, P.H. (2005) Responses of Black and Cranberry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Postemergence Herbicides. Crop Protection, 24, 15-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2004.06.003 [16] Sikkema, P.H., Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Cowan, T. (2004) Tolerance of White Beans to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides. Weed Technology, 18, 893-901.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/WT-03-043R3 [17] Wall, D.A. (1995) Bentazon Tank-Mixtures for Improved Redwood Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Control in Navy Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 9, 610-616. [18] Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P.H. (2006) Effects of Post-Emergence Application of Bentazon and Fomesafen on Eight Market Classes of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crop Protection, 25, 826-830.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2005.11.011 [19] Bauer, T.A., Renner, K.A., Penner, D. and Kelly, J.D. (1995). Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Varietal Tolerance to Imazethapyr. Weed Science, 43, 417-424. [20] Wilson, R.G. and Miller, S.D. (1991) Dry Edible Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Responses to Imazethapyr. Weed Technology, 5, 22-26. [21] Renner, K.A. and Powell, G.E. (1992) Responses of Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Grown in Rotation to Clomazone, Imazethapyr, Bentazon, and Acifluorfen. Weed Science, 40, 127-133. [22] Arnold, N.R., Murray, W.M., Gregory, J.E. and Smeal, D. (1993) Weed Control in Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) with Imazethapyr Combinations. Weed Technology, 7, 361-364. [23] Blackshaw, R.E. and Esau, R. (1991) Control of Annual Broadleaved Weeds in Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Technology, 5, 532-538.