Role of Xuesaitong in Amelioration of Neural Function and Alteration of Bax Expression in Rats with Brain Trauma
Affiliation(s)
1 Neurology Department of the 3rd People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. 2 No. 2 Neurosurgery Department of the 1st Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. 3 Experimental Animal Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. 4 Neuroscience Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
1 Neurology Department of the 3rd People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China. 2 No. 2 Neurosurgery Department of the 1st Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. 3 Experimental Animal Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China. 4 Neuroscience Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
ABSTRACT
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common diseases in clinical neurosurgery characterized with high incidence rate, mortality and many complications. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of Xuesaitong in the therapeutic effect of brain trauma and alteration of expression in Bax, a kind of promoting apoptosis factor. Methods: The rat traumatic brain injury models were established by using modified free falling body impact method. Thereafter, Xuesaitong was employed to be administered to TBI rats, and NSS Score Rating Scale was used to evaluate the effect of Xuesaitong. Moreover, real-time PCR was used to detect the Bax expression changes before and after the Xuesaitong administration. Results: Xuesaitong could accelerate the neurofunctional recovery of TBI rats, accompanied by NSS Scores significant decrease. Simultaneously, it also could inhibit the expression of Bax factor. Conclusions: Xusaitong could markedly ameliorate TBI restoration, in which it promotes the neurofunctional recovery, and at the same time it inhibits the expression of Bax.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common diseases in clinical neurosurgery characterized with high incidence rate, mortality and many complications. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of Xuesaitong in the therapeutic effect of brain trauma and alteration of expression in Bax, a kind of promoting apoptosis factor. Methods: The rat traumatic brain injury models were established by using modified free falling body impact method. Thereafter, Xuesaitong was employed to be administered to TBI rats, and NSS Score Rating Scale was used to evaluate the effect of Xuesaitong. Moreover, real-time PCR was used to detect the Bax expression changes before and after the Xuesaitong administration. Results: Xuesaitong could accelerate the neurofunctional recovery of TBI rats, accompanied by NSS Scores significant decrease. Simultaneously, it also could inhibit the expression of Bax factor. Conclusions: Xusaitong could markedly ameliorate TBI restoration, in which it promotes the neurofunctional recovery, and at the same time it inhibits the expression of Bax.
Cite this paper
Huang, W. , Yan, Q. , Liu, J. , Li, J. and Wang, T. (2015) Role of Xuesaitong in Amelioration of Neural Function and Alteration of Bax Expression in Rats with Brain Trauma. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 682-689. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.69091.
Huang, W. , Yan, Q. , Liu, J. , Li, J. and Wang, T. (2015) Role of Xuesaitong in Amelioration of Neural Function and Alteration of Bax Expression in Rats with Brain Trauma. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 682-689. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.69091.
References
[1] Zhang, G. and Zhi, K.D. (2009) Mechanism of Cognitive Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Chin J Neuromed, 8, 637-639. [2] Hao, S.-Y. and Liu, B.Y. (2005) Research Progress of Local Cerebral Ischemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Foreign Medical Sciences Section on Neurology & Neurosurgery, 32, 430-434. [3] Gan, Y., Xu, H.B. and Sun, X.B. (2007) Research Progress of Pharmacologic Actions of Panax Notoginsenosides. Li Shi Zhen Medicine and Materia Medical Research, 18, 1251-1252. [4] Li, Z. and Cui, R.-Q. (2013) Research Progress on Roles of Injection of Chinese Drugs in the Therapy of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy of Nei Meng Gu, 32, 127-128. [5] Zhao, X.-S. (2014) Experimental Study in Neuroprotective Roles of Panax Notoginsenosides in Rats with Cerebral Hemorrhage. Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy University, Beijing. [6] Wang, Z.-J. (2013) Clinical Therapeutic Observation of 88 Cases Patients with Cerebral Thrombosi. Medical Research of China and Overseas, 11, 166. [7] http://www.ebiotrade.com/emgzf/Merck200403/Untitled-2.htm [8] Pecina-Slaus, N. (2009) Genetic and Molecular Insights into Apoptosis. Acta Medica Croatica, 2, 13-19. [9] Kastelan, M., Massari, L.P. and Brajac, I. (2010) The Role of bcl-2 Family Proteins in Psoriasis. Lijec Vjesn, 132, 31-33. [10] Tang, X.Y. and Pu, X.Y. (2011) Cloning and Expression of Mouse Bax Gene. Lab Med Clin, 8, 662-664. [11] Ionoc, Y., Yamamoto, H., Krajewski, S., Reed, J.C. and Perucho, M. (2000) Mutational Inactivation of the Proapoptotic Gene BAX Confers Selective Advantage during Tumor Clonal Evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 10872-10877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.190210897 [12] Krajewska, M., Fenoglio-Preiser, C.M., Krajewski, S., Song, K., Macdonald, J.S., Stemmerman, G. and Reed, J.C. (1996) Immunohistochemical Analysis of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Adenocarcrinomas of the Stomach. The American Journal of Pathology, 149, 1449-1457. [13] Liu, J., Yin, S., Reddy, N., Spencer, C. and Sheng, S.J. (2004) Bax Mediates the Apoptosis-Sensitizing Effect of Maspin. Cancer Research, 64, 1703-1711.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2568 [14] Finnie, J.W. and Blumbergs, P.C. (2002) Traumatic Brain Injury. Veterinary Pathology, 39, 679-689.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.39-6-679 [15] Huo, Y.-Q. and Tang, Y.-F. (2007) A Kind of Brain Traumatic Model of Modified Following Weight. Journal of Guangxi Medical University, 24, 217-219. [16] Chen, J.L., Li, Y., Wang, L. and Zhang, Z.G. (2001) Therapeutic Benefit of Intravenous Administration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Stroke, 32, 1005-1011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.4.1005 [17] Germano, A.F., Dixon, C.E., d’Avella, D., Hayes, R.L. and Tomasello, F. (1994) Behavioral Deficits Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rat. Journal of Neurotrauma, 11, 345-353.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.1994.11.345 [18] He, P., Zhu, D.-L., Zhu, P., Wang, R.-J. and Wang, X. (2012) The Effect of Total Panax Notoginseng Naponinsin on the Apoptosis of Brain Cells and the Expression of Apoptotic Protein Bax in Newbron Rat after Asphyxia. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 30, 1178-1181. [19] Wang, W.D. and Chen, Z.T. (2007) Bel-2/Bax Ratio and the “Life or Death Fate” of Cells. Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy, 14, 393-396. [20] Chen, Y., Constantini, S., Trembovler, V., Weinstock, M. and Shohami, E. (1996) An Experimental Model of Closed Head Injury in Mice: Pathophysiology, Histopathology, and Cognitive Deficits. Journal of Neurotrauma, 13, 557-568. [21] Zhang, X.M., Wu, J.R. and Zhang, B. (2015) Xuesaitong Injection as One Adjuvant Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15, 36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0560-4 [22] Xi, W.-G. and Zhao, Z.-Y. (2009) Roles of PNS in Rat Brain Ischemia of Thrombogenicity. Chinese Herbs, 40, 234-236. [23] Qiao, C.-L., Ding, Y.-F. and Yang, C.-R. (2012) Pharmacologic Research Progress of Notoginseng Total Saponins. Modern Chinese Medicine, 14, 25-30.
[1] Zhang, G. and Zhi, K.D. (2009) Mechanism of Cognitive Impairment Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Chin J Neuromed, 8, 637-639. [2] Hao, S.-Y. and Liu, B.Y. (2005) Research Progress of Local Cerebral Ischemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Foreign Medical Sciences Section on Neurology & Neurosurgery, 32, 430-434. [3] Gan, Y., Xu, H.B. and Sun, X.B. (2007) Research Progress of Pharmacologic Actions of Panax Notoginsenosides. Li Shi Zhen Medicine and Materia Medical Research, 18, 1251-1252. [4] Li, Z. and Cui, R.-Q. (2013) Research Progress on Roles of Injection of Chinese Drugs in the Therapy of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy of Nei Meng Gu, 32, 127-128. [5] Zhao, X.-S. (2014) Experimental Study in Neuroprotective Roles of Panax Notoginsenosides in Rats with Cerebral Hemorrhage. Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy University, Beijing. [6] Wang, Z.-J. (2013) Clinical Therapeutic Observation of 88 Cases Patients with Cerebral Thrombosi. Medical Research of China and Overseas, 11, 166. [7] http://www.ebiotrade.com/emgzf/Merck200403/Untitled-2.htm [8] Pecina-Slaus, N. (2009) Genetic and Molecular Insights into Apoptosis. Acta Medica Croatica, 2, 13-19. [9] Kastelan, M., Massari, L.P. and Brajac, I. (2010) The Role of bcl-2 Family Proteins in Psoriasis. Lijec Vjesn, 132, 31-33. [10] Tang, X.Y. and Pu, X.Y. (2011) Cloning and Expression of Mouse Bax Gene. Lab Med Clin, 8, 662-664. [11] Ionoc, Y., Yamamoto, H., Krajewski, S., Reed, J.C. and Perucho, M. (2000) Mutational Inactivation of the Proapoptotic Gene BAX Confers Selective Advantage during Tumor Clonal Evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 10872-10877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.190210897 [12] Krajewska, M., Fenoglio-Preiser, C.M., Krajewski, S., Song, K., Macdonald, J.S., Stemmerman, G. and Reed, J.C. (1996) Immunohistochemical Analysis of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Adenocarcrinomas of the Stomach. The American Journal of Pathology, 149, 1449-1457. [13] Liu, J., Yin, S., Reddy, N., Spencer, C. and Sheng, S.J. (2004) Bax Mediates the Apoptosis-Sensitizing Effect of Maspin. Cancer Research, 64, 1703-1711.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2568 [14] Finnie, J.W. and Blumbergs, P.C. (2002) Traumatic Brain Injury. Veterinary Pathology, 39, 679-689.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.39-6-679 [15] Huo, Y.-Q. and Tang, Y.-F. (2007) A Kind of Brain Traumatic Model of Modified Following Weight. Journal of Guangxi Medical University, 24, 217-219. [16] Chen, J.L., Li, Y., Wang, L. and Zhang, Z.G. (2001) Therapeutic Benefit of Intravenous Administration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells after Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Stroke, 32, 1005-1011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.32.4.1005 [17] Germano, A.F., Dixon, C.E., d’Avella, D., Hayes, R.L. and Tomasello, F. (1994) Behavioral Deficits Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Rat. Journal of Neurotrauma, 11, 345-353.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.1994.11.345 [18] He, P., Zhu, D.-L., Zhu, P., Wang, R.-J. and Wang, X. (2012) The Effect of Total Panax Notoginseng Naponinsin on the Apoptosis of Brain Cells and the Expression of Apoptotic Protein Bax in Newbron Rat after Asphyxia. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 30, 1178-1181. [19] Wang, W.D. and Chen, Z.T. (2007) Bel-2/Bax Ratio and the “Life or Death Fate” of Cells. Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy, 14, 393-396. [20] Chen, Y., Constantini, S., Trembovler, V., Weinstock, M. and Shohami, E. (1996) An Experimental Model of Closed Head Injury in Mice: Pathophysiology, Histopathology, and Cognitive Deficits. Journal of Neurotrauma, 13, 557-568. [21] Zhang, X.M., Wu, J.R. and Zhang, B. (2015) Xuesaitong Injection as One Adjuvant Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15, 36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0560-4 [22] Xi, W.-G. and Zhao, Z.-Y. (2009) Roles of PNS in Rat Brain Ischemia of Thrombogenicity. Chinese Herbs, 40, 234-236. [23] Qiao, C.-L., Ding, Y.-F. and Yang, C.-R. (2012) Pharmacologic Research Progress of Notoginseng Total Saponins. Modern Chinese Medicine, 14, 25-30.