Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Blood Constituents of Growing Male West African Dwarf Goats Fed Concentrates Varying in Pueraria phaseoloides Leaf Meal Content
Author(s)
Abel Adebayo Akingbade1*,
Paul Shinngu1,
Kayode Jacob Onaleye1,
Aderibigbe Ezekiel Adebiyi2,
Christianah Adifagberu2
Affiliation(s)
1 Department Animal Production and Health, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria. 2 Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
1 Department Animal Production and Health, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria. 2 Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The study examined feed intake, growth performance and blood constituents of growing male West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed concentrates varying in Pueraria phaseoloides leaf meal (PPLM) content. Four experimental diets that differed in PPLM content; Diets 1 (0% PPLM), Diet 2 (10% PPLM), Diet 3 (20% PPLM) and Diet 4 (30% PPLM) were fed to the WAD goats using the 4 × 4 Change-Over Latin Square Design in a study that lasted twelve weeks (four weeks of pre-trial acclimatization period inclusive). The trial period comprised four weeks of pre-trial acclimatization and four weeks of trial periods; with the first, second and third trials being sandwiched by two acclimatization periods; each period lasting one week. The measured parameters were fed intakes, live weights, blood proteins (total protein, albumin and globulin) and micro-mineral elements (Iron, Copper and Zinc). Crude protein contents of diets ranged between 19.24% and 20.12%. Differences in treatment means of feed intakes, changes in live weights, blood proteins and micro-mineral elements were not significant (p > 0.05).
The study examined feed intake, growth performance and blood constituents of growing male West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed concentrates varying in Pueraria phaseoloides leaf meal (PPLM) content. Four experimental diets that differed in PPLM content; Diets 1 (0% PPLM), Diet 2 (10% PPLM), Diet 3 (20% PPLM) and Diet 4 (30% PPLM) were fed to the WAD goats using the 4 × 4 Change-Over Latin Square Design in a study that lasted twelve weeks (four weeks of pre-trial acclimatization period inclusive). The trial period comprised four weeks of pre-trial acclimatization and four weeks of trial periods; with the first, second and third trials being sandwiched by two acclimatization periods; each period lasting one week. The measured parameters were fed intakes, live weights, blood proteins (total protein, albumin and globulin) and micro-mineral elements (Iron, Copper and Zinc). Crude protein contents of diets ranged between 19.24% and 20.12%. Differences in treatment means of feed intakes, changes in live weights, blood proteins and micro-mineral elements were not significant (p > 0.05).
Cite this paper
Akingbade, A. , Shinngu, P. , Onaleye, K. , Ezekiel Adebiyi, A. and Adifagberu, C. (2015) Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Blood Constituents of Growing Male West African Dwarf Goats Fed Concentrates Varying in Pueraria phaseoloides Leaf Meal Content. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 817-822. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.68079.
Akingbade, A. , Shinngu, P. , Onaleye, K. , Ezekiel Adebiyi, A. and Adifagberu, C. (2015) Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Blood Constituents of Growing Male West African Dwarf Goats Fed Concentrates Varying in Pueraria phaseoloides Leaf Meal Content. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 817-822. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.68079.
References
[1] Wilson, L.L., Katsigianis, T.S., Dorsett, A.A. and Grave, A.G. (1980) Performance of Native and Anglo-Nubian Crosses and Observation on Improved Pastures for Goats in Bahamas. Tropical Agriculture of Trinidad, 57, 187-190. [2] Babayemi, O.J., Bamikole, M.A., Daniel, I.O., Ogangbesan, A. and Oduguwa, B.O. (2003) Growth and Dry Matter Degradability of Three Tephrosia Species in Nigeria. Journal Animal Production, 30, 62-70. [3] Sowande, O.S., Aina, A.B.J., Oguntona, E.B., Fanimo, A.O., Unaka, V.U., Hassan, T.A. and Oseni, M.O. (2008) Performance, Blood Constituents and Mineral Balance of West African Dwarf Sheep Fed Preserved Elephant Grass, Layers Droppings and Cassava Peel Diets during Dry Season. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 35, 90-102. [4] Hussein, H.I., Khalifa, S.F., Ghareeb, A. and Fawzi, N. (1989) Taxonomic Criteria of the Characteristic Features in Seeds of Some Selected Species of Caesalpinioideae-Leguminosae. Egyptian Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 280-298. [5] Cook, B., Pengelly, B., Brown, S., Donnelly, J., Eagle, D., Franco, J., Hanson, J., Mullen, B., Partridge, I., Peters, M. and Schultze-Kraft, R. (2005) Tropical Forages: An Interactive Selection Tool. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane.
http://www.tropicalforages.info/ [6] Kerr, G.R., Lee, E.S., Lan, M.K.M., Lorimar, R.J., Randall, E. and Forthoter, R.N. (1982) Relationship between Dietary and Biochemical Measure of Nutritional Status. Amsterdam Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 35, 294-318. [7] Olorede, B.R., Ajagborinla, O.P. and Babatunde, G.M. (1997) Comparison of Air-Dried and Oven-Dried Poultry Dropping in Broiler Rations. Effect on Performance and Haematological Parameters. International Journal of Animal Science, 10, 239-293. [8] Akingbade, A.A. (2002) Productivity of South African Indigenous Nguni Goats Possessing Synergists Jonesii Bacteria on Leucaena leucocephala and Natural Pastures. PhD Thesis, University of Natal, Republic of South Africa. [9] Ramprabhu, R., Chellapandian, M., Balachandran, S. and Jonhson, R.J. (2010) Influence of Age and Sex on Blood Parameters of Kanni Goats in Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Small Ruminant, 16, 84-89. [10] Amao, S.R., Ojedapo, L.O. and Sosina, A.O. (2010) Effect of Strains on Some Growth Traits of Meat-Type Chickens Reared in Derived Savanna Environment of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2, 58-64. [11] Van Niekerk, F.E., Cloete, S.W.P. and Barnard, S.A. (1990) Plasma Copper, Zinc and Blood Selenium Concentration of Sheep, Goats and Cattle. South African Journal of Animal Science, 20, 144-147. [12] Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (1990) Official methods of Analysis. 15th Edition, Washington DC. [13] Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.M. (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 633 p. [14] Adesogan, A., Sollenbenger, L.E. and Moore, J.E. (2006) Feeding Value and Anti Nutritive Factors of Forage Tree Legume. Journal of Agronomy, 7, 174-179. [15] Obua, B.B., Okocha, C.N. and Nwaoha, L.E. (2012) Proximate Composition and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Some Forage Species Used in Feeding Rabbits in Umudike Humid South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development. SAAT FUTO, 15, 1275-1286. [16] McDonald, P., Edward, R.A. and Greenhalgh, J.F.D. (1990) Voluntary Food Intake in Animal Nutrition. 4th Edition, Longman Scientific and Technical U.K, 375-397. [17] Akingbade, A.A., Odunsi, A.A. and Ogunleke, O. (2000) Wild Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A. Gray) Leaf Meal as a Protein Supplement to Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) in Feeding Young Female, West African Dwarf Goats in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Tropical Animal Production and Investigation, 3, 145-149.
[1] Wilson, L.L., Katsigianis, T.S., Dorsett, A.A. and Grave, A.G. (1980) Performance of Native and Anglo-Nubian Crosses and Observation on Improved Pastures for Goats in Bahamas. Tropical Agriculture of Trinidad, 57, 187-190. [2] Babayemi, O.J., Bamikole, M.A., Daniel, I.O., Ogangbesan, A. and Oduguwa, B.O. (2003) Growth and Dry Matter Degradability of Three Tephrosia Species in Nigeria. Journal Animal Production, 30, 62-70. [3] Sowande, O.S., Aina, A.B.J., Oguntona, E.B., Fanimo, A.O., Unaka, V.U., Hassan, T.A. and Oseni, M.O. (2008) Performance, Blood Constituents and Mineral Balance of West African Dwarf Sheep Fed Preserved Elephant Grass, Layers Droppings and Cassava Peel Diets during Dry Season. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 35, 90-102. [4] Hussein, H.I., Khalifa, S.F., Ghareeb, A. and Fawzi, N. (1989) Taxonomic Criteria of the Characteristic Features in Seeds of Some Selected Species of Caesalpinioideae-Leguminosae. Egyptian Journal of Biotechnology, 12, 280-298. [5] Cook, B., Pengelly, B., Brown, S., Donnelly, J., Eagle, D., Franco, J., Hanson, J., Mullen, B., Partridge, I., Peters, M. and Schultze-Kraft, R. (2005) Tropical Forages: An Interactive Selection Tool. CSIRO, DPI&F (Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane.
http://www.tropicalforages.info/ [6] Kerr, G.R., Lee, E.S., Lan, M.K.M., Lorimar, R.J., Randall, E. and Forthoter, R.N. (1982) Relationship between Dietary and Biochemical Measure of Nutritional Status. Amsterdam Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 35, 294-318. [7] Olorede, B.R., Ajagborinla, O.P. and Babatunde, G.M. (1997) Comparison of Air-Dried and Oven-Dried Poultry Dropping in Broiler Rations. Effect on Performance and Haematological Parameters. International Journal of Animal Science, 10, 239-293. [8] Akingbade, A.A. (2002) Productivity of South African Indigenous Nguni Goats Possessing Synergists Jonesii Bacteria on Leucaena leucocephala and Natural Pastures. PhD Thesis, University of Natal, Republic of South Africa. [9] Ramprabhu, R., Chellapandian, M., Balachandran, S. and Jonhson, R.J. (2010) Influence of Age and Sex on Blood Parameters of Kanni Goats in Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Small Ruminant, 16, 84-89. [10] Amao, S.R., Ojedapo, L.O. and Sosina, A.O. (2010) Effect of Strains on Some Growth Traits of Meat-Type Chickens Reared in Derived Savanna Environment of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2, 58-64. [11] Van Niekerk, F.E., Cloete, S.W.P. and Barnard, S.A. (1990) Plasma Copper, Zinc and Blood Selenium Concentration of Sheep, Goats and Cattle. South African Journal of Animal Science, 20, 144-147. [12] Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (1990) Official methods of Analysis. 15th Edition, Washington DC. [13] Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.M. (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 633 p. [14] Adesogan, A., Sollenbenger, L.E. and Moore, J.E. (2006) Feeding Value and Anti Nutritive Factors of Forage Tree Legume. Journal of Agronomy, 7, 174-179. [15] Obua, B.B., Okocha, C.N. and Nwaoha, L.E. (2012) Proximate Composition and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Some Forage Species Used in Feeding Rabbits in Umudike Humid South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development. SAAT FUTO, 15, 1275-1286. [16] McDonald, P., Edward, R.A. and Greenhalgh, J.F.D. (1990) Voluntary Food Intake in Animal Nutrition. 4th Edition, Longman Scientific and Technical U.K, 375-397. [17] Akingbade, A.A., Odunsi, A.A. and Ogunleke, O. (2000) Wild Sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl. A. Gray) Leaf Meal as a Protein Supplement to Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum) in Feeding Young Female, West African Dwarf Goats in the Derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria. Tropical Animal Production and Investigation, 3, 145-149.