Sintered Calcined Clay as an Alternative Coarse Aggregate for Asphalt Pavement Construction
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. 2 Department of Physics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. 2 Department of Physics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to search for a substitute for the natural coarse aggregate in various regions of the world, such as Amazon-Brazil, where this type of material is lacking. The asphalt binder AC 50/70 is mixed with an aggregate obtained from the sinterization of a calcined clay (SACC) as a possible alternative to coarse aggregate material for the construction of asphalt pavements in tropical zones. The dynamic modulus |E*| of this mixture was measured under strain control mode and in tension control mode. The results are compared with those obtained from AC 50/70 mixed with pebbles, which is currently used as the coarse aggregate in this region. For pavements that work at high temperatures, such as 40℃, and low frequencies, the mixture with SACC appears to be a viable alternative to coarse aggregate material for the construction of asphalt pavements in tropical zones.
The aim of this study is to search for a substitute for the natural coarse aggregate in various regions of the world, such as Amazon-Brazil, where this type of material is lacking. The asphalt binder AC 50/70 is mixed with an aggregate obtained from the sinterization of a calcined clay (SACC) as a possible alternative to coarse aggregate material for the construction of asphalt pavements in tropical zones. The dynamic modulus |E*| of this mixture was measured under strain control mode and in tension control mode. The results are compared with those obtained from AC 50/70 mixed with pebbles, which is currently used as the coarse aggregate in this region. For pavements that work at high temperatures, such as 40℃, and low frequencies, the mixture with SACC appears to be a viable alternative to coarse aggregate material for the construction of asphalt pavements in tropical zones.
Cite this paper
da Silva, C. , da Frota, H. and da Frota, C. (2015) Sintered Calcined Clay as an Alternative Coarse Aggregate for Asphalt Pavement Construction. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 5, 281-288. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2015.53028.
da Silva, C. , da Frota, H. and da Frota, C. (2015) Sintered Calcined Clay as an Alternative Coarse Aggregate for Asphalt Pavement Construction. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 5, 281-288. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2015.53028.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2051-04 [2] Lehmann, H.L. and Adam, V. (1959) Use of Expanded Clay Aggregate in Bituminous Construction. Highway Research Board Proceedings, 38, 398-407. [3] Aams, V. and Shah, S.C. (2008) Evaluation of Open-Graded Plan-Mix Real Surfaces for Correction of Slippery Pavements. Transportation Research Record, 523, 88-96. [4] Mallick, R.B., Hooper, F.P., O’Brien, S. and Kashi, M. (2004) Evaluation of Use of Synthetic Lightweight Aggregate in Hot-Mix Asphalt. Transportation Research Record, 1891, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1891-01 [5] Canestrari, F.M., Bocci, G., Ferroti, G. and Pasquini, P. (2007) Mechanical Caracterization of Environmentally Friendly Mixtures. Proceeding of the International Conference on Advanced Characterization of Pavement and Soil Engineering Materials, Greece, June 2007, 1643-1652. [6] Takahashi, T. and Partl, M.N. (2001) Improvement of Mix Design for Porous Asphalt. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2, 283-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2001.9689904 [7] Shena, D.-H., Wua, C.-W. and Chong, D.J.-C. (2008) Performance Evaluation of Porous Asphalt with Granulated Synthetic Lightweight Aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 22, 902-910.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.008 [8] Tay, J.H. (1987) Brick Manufacture from Sludge. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 113, 278-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:2(278) [9] Churchill, M. (1994) Aspect of Sewage Sludge Utilization and its Impact on Brick Making. Global Ceramic Review, 1, 18-21. [10] Perez, J.A, Terradas, R., Manent, M.R., Seijas, M. and Martinez, S. (1996) Inertization of Industrial Wastes in Ceramic Materials. Industrial Ceramics, 16, 7-10. [11] Dondi, M., Marsigli, M. and Fabbri, B. (1997) Recycling of Industrial and Urban Wastes in Brick Production: A Review. Tile & Brick International, 13, 218-225. [12] Alleman, J.E. (1987) Beneficial Use of Sludge in Building Components. Interbrick, 3, 14-16. [13] Riberio, M.J., Tulyaganov, D.U., Ferreira, J.M. and Labrincha, J.A. (2002) Recycling of Al-Rich Industrial Sludge in Refractory Ceramic Pressed Bodies. Ceramics International, 28, 319-326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00097-9 [14] Bertollo, S.M., Bernucci, L.B., Fernandes, J.L. and Leite, L.M. (2004) Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Using Recycled Tire Rubber Produced in Brazil—A Laboratory Evaluation. Proceedings of 83rd TRB Annual Meeting, Washington DC, 11-15 January 2004, TRB2004-002077. [15] Zborowski, A., Sotil, A., Kaloush, K.E. and Way, G.B. (2004) Material Characteristics of Asphalt Rubber Mixtures. Proceedings of 83rd TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 11-15 January 2004, TRB2004-003136. [16] Santagata, F.A., Canestrari, F. and Pasquini, E. (2007) Mechanical Characterization of Asphalt Rubber-Wet Process. Proceedings of 4th International SIIV Congress—Advances in Transportation Infrastructures and Stakeholders Expectation, Palermo, 12-14 September 2007, A163. [17] Pasquini, E. (2009) Advanced Characterization of Innovative Environmentally Friendly Bituminous Mixtures. PhD Thesis, Istituto di Idraulica e Infrastrutture Viarie, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Agraria. [18] Sides, A., Uzan, J. and Perl, M. (1985) A Comprehensive Visco-Elastoplastic Characterization of Sand-Asphalt under Compression and Tension Cyclic Loading. ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 13, 49-59.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JTE10760J [19] Di Benedetto, H. and de la Roche, C. (1998) State of the Art of Stiffness Modulus and Fatigue of Bituminous Mixtures. In: Francken, L., Ed., RILEM Report 17, Bituminous Binders and Mixes, CRC Press, London, 137-180. [20] Doubbaneh, E. (1995) Comportement Mécanique des Enrobes Bitumineux des “Petites” Aux “Grandes” Déformations. PhD Thesis, L’institut Nations Des Sciences Appliquées De Lyon, Laboratoire Géomatériaux du Département de Génie Civil, Lyon. [21] Vavrik, W.R., Huber, G.A., Pine, W.J., Carpenter, S.H. and Bailey, R. (2002) Bailey Method for Gradation Selection in HMA Mixture Design. Transportation Research Record, Circular No. E-C044. [22] Williams, M.L., Landel, R.F. and Ferry, J.D. (1995) The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-Forming Liquids. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77, 3701-3707.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a008 [23] Chen, Z., Wu, S.-P., Zhu, Z.-H. and Liu, J.-S. (2008) Experimental Evaluation on High Temperature Rheological Properties of Various Fiber Modified Asphalt Binders. Journal of Central South University of Technologya, 15, 135-139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-008-0332-0
[1] Losa, M., Leandri, P. and Bacci, R. (2008) Mechanical and Performance-Related Properties of Asphalt Mixes Containing Expanded Clay Aggregate. Transportation Research Record, 2051, 23-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2051-04 [2] Lehmann, H.L. and Adam, V. (1959) Use of Expanded Clay Aggregate in Bituminous Construction. Highway Research Board Proceedings, 38, 398-407. [3] Aams, V. and Shah, S.C. (2008) Evaluation of Open-Graded Plan-Mix Real Surfaces for Correction of Slippery Pavements. Transportation Research Record, 523, 88-96. [4] Mallick, R.B., Hooper, F.P., O’Brien, S. and Kashi, M. (2004) Evaluation of Use of Synthetic Lightweight Aggregate in Hot-Mix Asphalt. Transportation Research Record, 1891, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1891-01 [5] Canestrari, F.M., Bocci, G., Ferroti, G. and Pasquini, P. (2007) Mechanical Caracterization of Environmentally Friendly Mixtures. Proceeding of the International Conference on Advanced Characterization of Pavement and Soil Engineering Materials, Greece, June 2007, 1643-1652. [6] Takahashi, T. and Partl, M.N. (2001) Improvement of Mix Design for Porous Asphalt. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2, 283-296.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2001.9689904 [7] Shena, D.-H., Wua, C.-W. and Chong, D.J.-C. (2008) Performance Evaluation of Porous Asphalt with Granulated Synthetic Lightweight Aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 22, 902-910.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.008 [8] Tay, J.H. (1987) Brick Manufacture from Sludge. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 113, 278-284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:2(278) [9] Churchill, M. (1994) Aspect of Sewage Sludge Utilization and its Impact on Brick Making. Global Ceramic Review, 1, 18-21. [10] Perez, J.A, Terradas, R., Manent, M.R., Seijas, M. and Martinez, S. (1996) Inertization of Industrial Wastes in Ceramic Materials. Industrial Ceramics, 16, 7-10. [11] Dondi, M., Marsigli, M. and Fabbri, B. (1997) Recycling of Industrial and Urban Wastes in Brick Production: A Review. Tile & Brick International, 13, 218-225. [12] Alleman, J.E. (1987) Beneficial Use of Sludge in Building Components. Interbrick, 3, 14-16. [13] Riberio, M.J., Tulyaganov, D.U., Ferreira, J.M. and Labrincha, J.A. (2002) Recycling of Al-Rich Industrial Sludge in Refractory Ceramic Pressed Bodies. Ceramics International, 28, 319-326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(01)00097-9 [14] Bertollo, S.M., Bernucci, L.B., Fernandes, J.L. and Leite, L.M. (2004) Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Using Recycled Tire Rubber Produced in Brazil—A Laboratory Evaluation. Proceedings of 83rd TRB Annual Meeting, Washington DC, 11-15 January 2004, TRB2004-002077. [15] Zborowski, A., Sotil, A., Kaloush, K.E. and Way, G.B. (2004) Material Characteristics of Asphalt Rubber Mixtures. Proceedings of 83rd TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, 11-15 January 2004, TRB2004-003136. [16] Santagata, F.A., Canestrari, F. and Pasquini, E. (2007) Mechanical Characterization of Asphalt Rubber-Wet Process. Proceedings of 4th International SIIV Congress—Advances in Transportation Infrastructures and Stakeholders Expectation, Palermo, 12-14 September 2007, A163. [17] Pasquini, E. (2009) Advanced Characterization of Innovative Environmentally Friendly Bituminous Mixtures. PhD Thesis, Istituto di Idraulica e Infrastrutture Viarie, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Agraria. [18] Sides, A., Uzan, J. and Perl, M. (1985) A Comprehensive Visco-Elastoplastic Characterization of Sand-Asphalt under Compression and Tension Cyclic Loading. ASTM Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 13, 49-59.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/JTE10760J [19] Di Benedetto, H. and de la Roche, C. (1998) State of the Art of Stiffness Modulus and Fatigue of Bituminous Mixtures. In: Francken, L., Ed., RILEM Report 17, Bituminous Binders and Mixes, CRC Press, London, 137-180. [20] Doubbaneh, E. (1995) Comportement Mécanique des Enrobes Bitumineux des “Petites” Aux “Grandes” Déformations. PhD Thesis, L’institut Nations Des Sciences Appliquées De Lyon, Laboratoire Géomatériaux du Département de Génie Civil, Lyon. [21] Vavrik, W.R., Huber, G.A., Pine, W.J., Carpenter, S.H. and Bailey, R. (2002) Bailey Method for Gradation Selection in HMA Mixture Design. Transportation Research Record, Circular No. E-C044. [22] Williams, M.L., Landel, R.F. and Ferry, J.D. (1995) The Temperature Dependence of Relaxation Mechanisms in Amorphous Polymers and Other Glass-Forming Liquids. The Journal of the American Chemical Society, 77, 3701-3707.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a008 [23] Chen, Z., Wu, S.-P., Zhu, Z.-H. and Liu, J.-S. (2008) Experimental Evaluation on High Temperature Rheological Properties of Various Fiber Modified Asphalt Binders. Journal of Central South University of Technologya, 15, 135-139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-008-0332-0