The Reversible Cyclic Universe in the Reversible Multiverse and the Reversible String Theory
Author(s)
Ding-Yu Chung
ABSTRACT
The paper posits that the multiverse is reversible, so all universes in the multiverse are reversible cyclic universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible, forbidden in the reversible multiverse, so every universe is surrounded by the zero-energy interuniversal void as the permanent gap among universes to keep universes apart. A zero-sum energy dual universe of positive energy universe and negative energy universe can be created in the interuniversal void, and the new dual universe is again surrounded by the interuniversal void. This paper also posits the reversible string theory with oscillating space-time dimension number oscillating between 11D (space-time dimension) and 4D without the conventional compactization of string. Dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 11D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. The universes in the reversible multiverse oscillate reversibly between high and low dimension numbers. Under symmetry breaking as in our universe, the positive energy universe as our observed universe absorbed the interuniversal void, while the negative energy universe did not. The interuniversal void has zero vacuum energy, so the absorption of the interuniversal void by the positive energy universe forced the positive energy 10D universe with high vacuum energy to be transformed into the positive energy 4D universe with zero vacuum energy, resulting in the inflation followed by the Big Bang. The negative energy universe undergoes dimension number oscillation between 4D and 10D dimension by dimension. The negative energy >4D universe is hidden, and the negative energy 4D universe appears as dark energy. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter and the calculated time for dark energy to start are in good agreements with the observed values.
The paper posits that the multiverse is reversible, so all universes in the multiverse are reversible cyclic universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible, forbidden in the reversible multiverse, so every universe is surrounded by the zero-energy interuniversal void as the permanent gap among universes to keep universes apart. A zero-sum energy dual universe of positive energy universe and negative energy universe can be created in the interuniversal void, and the new dual universe is again surrounded by the interuniversal void. This paper also posits the reversible string theory with oscillating space-time dimension number oscillating between 11D (space-time dimension) and 4D without the conventional compactization of string. Dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 11D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. The universes in the reversible multiverse oscillate reversibly between high and low dimension numbers. Under symmetry breaking as in our universe, the positive energy universe as our observed universe absorbed the interuniversal void, while the negative energy universe did not. The interuniversal void has zero vacuum energy, so the absorption of the interuniversal void by the positive energy universe forced the positive energy 10D universe with high vacuum energy to be transformed into the positive energy 4D universe with zero vacuum energy, resulting in the inflation followed by the Big Bang. The negative energy universe undergoes dimension number oscillation between 4D and 10D dimension by dimension. The negative energy >4D universe is hidden, and the negative energy 4D universe appears as dark energy. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter and the calculated time for dark energy to start are in good agreements with the observed values.
KEYWORDS
Cyclic Universe, Multiverse, Interuniversal Void, String Theory, Cosmology, Big Bang, Inflation, Dark Energy, Dark Matter
Cyclic Universe, Multiverse, Interuniversal Void, String Theory, Cosmology, Big Bang, Inflation, Dark Energy, Dark Matter
Cite this paper
Chung, D. (2015) The Reversible Cyclic Universe in the Reversible Multiverse and the Reversible String Theory. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1249-1260. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.69130.
Chung, D. (2015) The Reversible Cyclic Universe in the Reversible Multiverse and the Reversible String Theory. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1249-1260. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.69130.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14 [15] Chung, D.Y. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4-4A, 27-31. [16] Chung, D.Y. (2014) Global Journal of Science Frontier Research A, 14-3, 1-8. [17] Bounias, M. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2003) The International Journal of Systems and Cybernetics, 32, 1005-1020. [18] Chung, D.Y. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1234-1243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.514123 [19] Chung, D.Y. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1467-1472.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.515148 [20] Chung, D.Y. (2014) International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 4, 374-383.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2014.42032 [21] Chung, D.Y. (2015) Global Journal of Science Frontier Research A, 15-3, 119-125. [22] Chung, D.Y. (2015) Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 26-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.61005 [23] Chung, D.Y. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4-7A, 1-6.
[1] Greene, B. (2011) The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos. Vintage, New York. [2] Chung, D. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4-7A, 77-84. [3] Chung, D. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 464-472.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.56056 [4] Albrecht, A. and Magueijo, J. (1999) Physics Review, D59, Article ID: 043516.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.043516 [5] Barrow, J.D. (2003) Physics Letter, B564, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00573-2 [6] Wesson, P.S. (1999) Space-Time-Matter: Modern Kaluza -Klein Theory. World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore. [7] Mongan, T.R. (2005) General Relativity and Gravitation, 37, 967-970.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10714-005-0079-y [8] Randall, L. and Sundrum, R. (1999) Physical Review Letters, 83, 4690-4693.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.4690 [9] Maldacena, J. (1998) Advance Theoretic Mathematics Physics, 2, 231-252. [10] Steinhardt, P.J. and Turok, N. (2002) Physical Review, D65, Article ID: 126003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.65.126003 [11] Chung, D.Y. and Hefferlinm, R. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4-4A, 21-26. [12] Padmanabhan, T. (2003) Physical Report, 380, 235-320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(03)00120-0 [13] Riess, A.G., Strolger, L.G., Tonry, J., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H.C., Mobasher, B., et al. (2004) The Astrophysical Journal, 607, 665-687.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/383612 [14] Jarosik, N., Bennett, C.L., Dunkley, J., Gold, B., Greason, M.R., Halpern, M., et al. (2011) The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 192, 14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/14 [15] Chung, D.Y. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4-4A, 27-31. [16] Chung, D.Y. (2014) Global Journal of Science Frontier Research A, 14-3, 1-8. [17] Bounias, M. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2003) The International Journal of Systems and Cybernetics, 32, 1005-1020. [18] Chung, D.Y. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1234-1243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.514123 [19] Chung, D.Y. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1467-1472.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.515148 [20] Chung, D.Y. (2014) International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 4, 374-383.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2014.42032 [21] Chung, D.Y. (2015) Global Journal of Science Frontier Research A, 15-3, 119-125. [22] Chung, D.Y. (2015) Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 26-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.61005 [23] Chung, D.Y. and Krasnoholovets, V. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4-7A, 1-6.