Effectiveness of Selected Microbial Strains on the Growth of Sweet Sorghum
Affiliation(s)
1 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Rio Bravo Km 61 Carretera Matamoros-Reynosa, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. 2 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Bajio Km 6.5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. 3 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Mococha, Km 25 Carretera Merida-Motul, Yucatan, Mexico.
1 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Rio Bravo Km 61 Carretera Matamoros-Reynosa, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. 2 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Bajio Km 6.5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. 3 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Mococha, Km 25 Carretera Merida-Motul, Yucatan, Mexico.
ABSTRACT
Microbial inoculants are of great importance in agro-ecology and plants. However, the symbiotic effectiveness of strains may vary between species or within the same species. Aim of the study was to select experimental microbial strains of national origin, to know its impact on growth of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in greenhouse and sterile soil. Five strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and eight rhizobacteria (two of them mutagenized) were compared with non-inoculated plants as control. Variables measured were index of chlorophyll SPAD, plant height, stem diameter (from the middle section), fresh biomass from stem, leaf, panicle, radical, and stem sugars content (°Brix) of every two internodes. The results showed that in the majority of cases, microbial strains exceeded the values of variables compared with control plants. The highest values of chlorophyll (41.8 SPAD), stem diameter (13.5 mm) and total fresh biomass (144.3 g), were recorded with rhizobacterias BS410 (Herbaspirillum sp.), B2709 (Pseudomonas sp.) and B4M4 (Azospirillum sp.), respectively.
Microbial inoculants are of great importance in agro-ecology and plants. However, the symbiotic effectiveness of strains may vary between species or within the same species. Aim of the study was to select experimental microbial strains of national origin, to know its impact on growth of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in greenhouse and sterile soil. Five strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and eight rhizobacteria (two of them mutagenized) were compared with non-inoculated plants as control. Variables measured were index of chlorophyll SPAD, plant height, stem diameter (from the middle section), fresh biomass from stem, leaf, panicle, radical, and stem sugars content (°Brix) of every two internodes. The results showed that in the majority of cases, microbial strains exceeded the values of variables compared with control plants. The highest values of chlorophyll (41.8 SPAD), stem diameter (13.5 mm) and total fresh biomass (144.3 g), were recorded with rhizobacterias BS410 (Herbaspirillum sp.), B2709 (Pseudomonas sp.) and B4M4 (Azospirillum sp.), respectively.
Cite this paper
Díaz-Franco, A. , Grageda-Cabrera, O. and Lozano-Contreras, M. (2015) Effectiveness of Selected Microbial Strains on the Growth of Sweet Sorghum. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 772-777. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.68074.
Díaz-Franco, A. , Grageda-Cabrera, O. and Lozano-Contreras, M. (2015) Effectiveness of Selected Microbial Strains on the Growth of Sweet Sorghum. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 772-777. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.68074.
References
[1] Smith, G.S. and Read, D.J. (2008) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. 3rd Edition, Academic Press, London, 750 p. [2] Ferrera, C.R. and Alarcón, A. (2008) Biotecnología de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares. In: Díaz, F.A. and Mayek, P.N., Eds., La Bofertilización como Tecnología Sostenible, Plaza y Valdés, CONACYT, Mexico, 25-38. [3] Askary, M., Mostajeran, A., Amoaghaei, R. and Mostajeran, M. (2009) Influence of the Co-Inoculation Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium meliloti plus 2,4-D on Grain Yield and N, P, K Content of Triticum aestivum. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 5, 296-307.
http://www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes5%283%29/1.pdf [4] Hungria, M., Campo, R.J., Souza, E.M. and Pedrosa, F.O. (2010) Inoculation with Selected Strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. lipoferum Improves Yield of Maize and Wheat in Brazil. Plant and Soil, 331, 413-425.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0262-0 [5] Glick, B.R., Patten, C.L., Holguin, G. and Penrose, D.M. (1999) Biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms Used by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria. Imperial College Press, London, 267 p. [6] Vessey, J.K. (2003) Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255, 571-586.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026037216893 [7] Aguado, S.A. (2012) Uso de microorganismos como biofertilizantes. In: Aguado, S.A., Ed., Introducción al Uso y Manejo de los Biofertilizantes en la Agricultura, INIFAP/SAGARPA, Mexico, 35-78. [8] Vosátka, M., Albrechtová, J. and Patten, R. (2008) The International Market Development for Mycorrhizal Technology. Mycorrhiza, 15, 419-438. [9] Montero, L., Duarte, C., Cun, R., Cabrera, J.A. and González, P.J. (2010) Efectividad de biofertilizantes micorrízicos en el rendimiento de pimiento (Capsicum annuum) cultivado en diferentes condiciones de humedad del sustrato. Cultivos Tropicales, 31, 11-14.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=193217921002 [10] Klironomos, J.N. (2003) Variation in Plant Response to Native and Exotic Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Ecology, 84, 2292-2301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0413 [11] Plenchette, C., Clermont-Dauphin, C., Meynard, J.M. and Fortin, J.A. (2005) Managing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Cropping Systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85, 31-40.
http://pubs.aic.ca/doi/pdf/10.4141/P03-159
http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/P03-159 [12] Tchabi, A., Coyne, D., Hountondji, F., Lawouin, L., Wiemken, A. and Oehl, F. (2010) Efficacy of Indigenous Arbuscular Mucorrhizal Fungi for Promoting White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Growth in West Africa. Applied Soil Ecology, 45, 92-100.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139310000302
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.03.001 [13] Montes, G.N., Salinas, G.J., González, J.A., Loredo, P.R. and Díaz, P.G. (2010) Guía técnica de producción de sorgo dulce [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] en Tamaulipas. Folleto Técnico No. 49. Campo Experimental Rio Bravo, INIFAP, Mexico, 35 p. [14] Lemus, R. and Parrish, D.J. (2009) Herbaceous Crops with Potential for Biofuel Production in the USA. CABI Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 4, 1-23.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.169.8094&rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr20094057 [15] Calviño, M. and Messing, J. (2012) Sweet Sorghum as a Model System for Bioenergy Crops. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 23, 323-329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.002 [16] Ratnavathi, C.V., Kalyana, S., Komala, V.V., Chavan, U.D. and Patil, J.V. (2011) Sweet Sorghum as Feedstock for Biofuel Production: A Review. Sugar Tech, 13, 399-407.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-011-0112-2 [17] Almodares, A and Hadi, M.R. (2009) Production of Bioethanol from Sweet Sorghum: A Review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 772-780.
http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380976619_Almodares%20and%20Hadi.pdf [18] Prasad, S., Singh, A. Jain, N. and Joshi, H.C. (2007) Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Syrup for Utilization as Automotive Fuel in India. Energy Fuels, 21, 2415-2420.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef060328z [19] Plenecassange, A., Romero, F.E. and López, B.C. (1999) Manual de laboratorio para análisis de suelo, planta y agua. INIFAP-ORSTOM, Gomez Palacio, Dro., Mexico, 279 p. [20] Aguado, S.A. and Moreno, G.B. (2012) Biofertilizantes desarrollados por el INIFAP. In: Aguado, S.A., Ed., Introducción al Uso y Manejo de los Biofertilizantes en la Agricultura, INIFAP/SAGARPA, Mexico, 151-170. [21] Bécquer, G.C., Prévost, D., Juge, C., Gauvin, C. and Delaney, S. (2012) Efecto de la inoculación con bacterias rizosféricas en dos variedades de trigo. Fase I: Condiciones controladas. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 3, 973-984. [22] Matiru, V. and Dakora, F. (2004) Potential Use of Rhizobial Bacteria as Promoters of Plant Growth for Increased Yield in Landraces of African Cereal Crops. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2004.000-2002 [23] Lopes, V.R., Bespalhok-Filho, J.C., Araujo, L.M., Vieira, F., Daros, E. and Oliveira, R.A. (2012) The Selection of Sugarcane Families That Display Better Associations with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Journal of Agronomy, 11, 43-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2012.43.52 [24] Boucher, A., Dalpé, Y. and Charest, C. (1999) Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization of Four Species of Glomus on Physiological Responses of Maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22, 783-797.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365671 [25] Ilyas, N. and Bano, A. (2010) Azospirillum Strains Isolated from Roots and Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown under Different Soil Moisture Conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46, 393-406.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0438-z [26] Mehraban, A., Vazan, S., Narovi, M. and Ardakany, A. (2009) Effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Yield of Sorghum Cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7, 461-463.
http://world-food.net/download/journals/2009-issue_3_4/49.pdf
[1] Smith, G.S. and Read, D.J. (2008) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. 3rd Edition, Academic Press, London, 750 p. [2] Ferrera, C.R. and Alarcón, A. (2008) Biotecnología de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares. In: Díaz, F.A. and Mayek, P.N., Eds., La Bofertilización como Tecnología Sostenible, Plaza y Valdés, CONACYT, Mexico, 25-38. [3] Askary, M., Mostajeran, A., Amoaghaei, R. and Mostajeran, M. (2009) Influence of the Co-Inoculation Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium meliloti plus 2,4-D on Grain Yield and N, P, K Content of Triticum aestivum. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 5, 296-307.
http://www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes5%283%29/1.pdf [4] Hungria, M., Campo, R.J., Souza, E.M. and Pedrosa, F.O. (2010) Inoculation with Selected Strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. lipoferum Improves Yield of Maize and Wheat in Brazil. Plant and Soil, 331, 413-425.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0262-0 [5] Glick, B.R., Patten, C.L., Holguin, G. and Penrose, D.M. (1999) Biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms Used by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria. Imperial College Press, London, 267 p. [6] Vessey, J.K. (2003) Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255, 571-586.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026037216893 [7] Aguado, S.A. (2012) Uso de microorganismos como biofertilizantes. In: Aguado, S.A., Ed., Introducción al Uso y Manejo de los Biofertilizantes en la Agricultura, INIFAP/SAGARPA, Mexico, 35-78. [8] Vosátka, M., Albrechtová, J. and Patten, R. (2008) The International Market Development for Mycorrhizal Technology. Mycorrhiza, 15, 419-438. [9] Montero, L., Duarte, C., Cun, R., Cabrera, J.A. and González, P.J. (2010) Efectividad de biofertilizantes micorrízicos en el rendimiento de pimiento (Capsicum annuum) cultivado en diferentes condiciones de humedad del sustrato. Cultivos Tropicales, 31, 11-14.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=193217921002 [10] Klironomos, J.N. (2003) Variation in Plant Response to Native and Exotic Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Ecology, 84, 2292-2301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-0413 [11] Plenchette, C., Clermont-Dauphin, C., Meynard, J.M. and Fortin, J.A. (2005) Managing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Cropping Systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 85, 31-40.
http://pubs.aic.ca/doi/pdf/10.4141/P03-159
http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/P03-159 [12] Tchabi, A., Coyne, D., Hountondji, F., Lawouin, L., Wiemken, A. and Oehl, F. (2010) Efficacy of Indigenous Arbuscular Mucorrhizal Fungi for Promoting White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Growth in West Africa. Applied Soil Ecology, 45, 92-100.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139310000302
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.03.001 [13] Montes, G.N., Salinas, G.J., González, J.A., Loredo, P.R. and Díaz, P.G. (2010) Guía técnica de producción de sorgo dulce [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] en Tamaulipas. Folleto Técnico No. 49. Campo Experimental Rio Bravo, INIFAP, Mexico, 35 p. [14] Lemus, R. and Parrish, D.J. (2009) Herbaceous Crops with Potential for Biofuel Production in the USA. CABI Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 4, 1-23.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.169.8094&rep=rep1&type=pdf
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr20094057 [15] Calviño, M. and Messing, J. (2012) Sweet Sorghum as a Model System for Bioenergy Crops. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 23, 323-329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.002 [16] Ratnavathi, C.V., Kalyana, S., Komala, V.V., Chavan, U.D. and Patil, J.V. (2011) Sweet Sorghum as Feedstock for Biofuel Production: A Review. Sugar Tech, 13, 399-407.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-011-0112-2 [17] Almodares, A and Hadi, M.R. (2009) Production of Bioethanol from Sweet Sorghum: A Review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 4, 772-780.
http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380976619_Almodares%20and%20Hadi.pdf [18] Prasad, S., Singh, A. Jain, N. and Joshi, H.C. (2007) Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Syrup for Utilization as Automotive Fuel in India. Energy Fuels, 21, 2415-2420.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef060328z [19] Plenecassange, A., Romero, F.E. and López, B.C. (1999) Manual de laboratorio para análisis de suelo, planta y agua. INIFAP-ORSTOM, Gomez Palacio, Dro., Mexico, 279 p. [20] Aguado, S.A. and Moreno, G.B. (2012) Biofertilizantes desarrollados por el INIFAP. In: Aguado, S.A., Ed., Introducción al Uso y Manejo de los Biofertilizantes en la Agricultura, INIFAP/SAGARPA, Mexico, 151-170. [21] Bécquer, G.C., Prévost, D., Juge, C., Gauvin, C. and Delaney, S. (2012) Efecto de la inoculación con bacterias rizosféricas en dos variedades de trigo. Fase I: Condiciones controladas. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 3, 973-984. [22] Matiru, V. and Dakora, F. (2004) Potential Use of Rhizobial Bacteria as Promoters of Plant Growth for Increased Yield in Landraces of African Cereal Crops. African Journal of Biotechnology, 3, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2004.000-2002 [23] Lopes, V.R., Bespalhok-Filho, J.C., Araujo, L.M., Vieira, F., Daros, E. and Oliveira, R.A. (2012) The Selection of Sugarcane Families That Display Better Associations with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Journal of Agronomy, 11, 43-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2012.43.52 [24] Boucher, A., Dalpé, Y. and Charest, C. (1999) Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization of Four Species of Glomus on Physiological Responses of Maize. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22, 783-797.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365671 [25] Ilyas, N. and Bano, A. (2010) Azospirillum Strains Isolated from Roots and Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown under Different Soil Moisture Conditions. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46, 393-406.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-009-0438-z [26] Mehraban, A., Vazan, S., Narovi, M. and Ardakany, A. (2009) Effect of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Yield of Sorghum Cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7, 461-463.
http://world-food.net/download/journals/2009-issue_3_4/49.pdf