Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Male and Female High School Teachers in Zabol
Affiliation(s)
1 MA Student of Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. 2 Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
1 MA Student of Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. 2 Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between general health and job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. The research followed a cross-correlational method. The statistical population included all male and female high school teachers in the academic year 2014 in Zabol. In this study, considering participants’ gender, stratified random sampling method was used. Data collecting was performed through applying the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The content validity was checked and alpha coefficients for the variables of general health and job burnout were 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. In this research study, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and independent t-test were conducted to analyze the hypotheses using SPSS v.21. Results revealed that general health and its dimensions were significantly and positively correlated with job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. Additionally, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly and negatively related to general health. Regarding the priority of the predictor variables of teachers’ general health, in the first step, emotional exhaustion, in the second step, depersonalization and in the third step, lack of personal accomplishment entered into the prediction model, these three variables together predicted 21% of variations in general health. Moreover, general health and job burnout were not significantly correlated in terms of gender.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between general health and job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. The research followed a cross-correlational method. The statistical population included all male and female high school teachers in the academic year 2014 in Zabol. In this study, considering participants’ gender, stratified random sampling method was used. Data collecting was performed through applying the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The content validity was checked and alpha coefficients for the variables of general health and job burnout were 0.92 and 0.81, respectively. In this research study, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and independent t-test were conducted to analyze the hypotheses using SPSS v.21. Results revealed that general health and its dimensions were significantly and positively correlated with job burnout of male and female high school teachers in Zabol. Additionally, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were significantly and negatively related to general health. Regarding the priority of the predictor variables of teachers’ general health, in the first step, emotional exhaustion, in the second step, depersonalization and in the third step, lack of personal accomplishment entered into the prediction model, these three variables together predicted 21% of variations in general health. Moreover, general health and job burnout were not significantly correlated in terms of gender.
Cite this paper
Abkhou, T. and Jenaabadi, H. (2015) Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Male and Female High School Teachers in Zabol. Natural Science, 7, 391-399. doi: 10.4236/ns.2015.78042.
Abkhou, T. and Jenaabadi, H. (2015) Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Male and Female High School Teachers in Zabol. Natural Science, 7, 391-399. doi: 10.4236/ns.2015.78042.
References
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[7] Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. and Liter, M.P. (2001) Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 [8] Shirom, A., Melamed, S., Toker, S., Berliner, S. and Shapira, I. (2005) Burnout and Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions. In: Anthoniou, A. and Cooper, C., Eds., New Perspectives in Occupational Health, Vol. 20, 269-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470029307.ch7 [9] Honkonen, T., Ahola, K., Pertovaara, M., Isometsa, E., Kalimo, R., Nykyri, E., Aromaa, A. and Lonnqvist, J. (2004) The Association between Burnout and Physical Illness in the General Population—Results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 59-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.002 [10] Nasti Zaei, N., Vaezi, M.D. and Molazehi, A. (2008) The Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Employees of Department of Telecommunications in Zahedan. Yazd Health Research Quarterly, 7. [11] Saberi, S.M., et al. (2008) The Relationship between Burnout and General Health of Judges and Prosecutors Working in the Judicial Authorities in Tehran. Journal of Legal Medicine, 14, 92-98. [12] Rostami, A.R., et al. (2008) Exploring the Relationship of Job Burnout and Psychological Wellbeing with the Controlling Role of Gender and Resiliency among Primary Teachers. Quarterly of Iran Occupational Health, 5, 68-75. [13] Shakerinia, I. and Mohammadpour, M. (2010) Relationship between Job Stress and Resiliency with Occupational Burnout among Nurses. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 14, 161-169. [14] Jamali, D., Zanhour, M. and Keshishian, T. (2009) Peculiar Strengths and Relational Attributes of SMEs in the Context of CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 355-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9925-7 [15] Ahghar, G.H. (2006) The Role of School Organizational Culture in Teachers’ Job Related Fatigue. Journal of Education, 86, 93-123. [16] Boshlideh, K., Taghipour, M., Hashemi Sheikhshabani, I. and Jazaieri, Z. (2011) The Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Middle School teachers. Journal of Practical Advice of Shahid Chamran University, 1. [17] Ghobaribanab, B., Khazaei, M.A., Alizadeh, H. and Tofi, Z. (2004) Determine the Predicators of Job Burnout (Teachers of Normal and Retarded Children in Birjand). News Journal of Psychotherapy, 9, 33-34. [18] Ghadimi Moghaddam, M.M. and Hosseini Tabatabaee, F. (2006) Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and Its Relationship with Gender, Education Level, Job Classification, and Geographical Location among Teachers and Employees of the Education Organization. Psychological Research, 9, 56-73. [19] Badri Gargouri, R. (1995) Psychological Syndrome and Job Burnout of Teachers and Coping Mechanisms. Master’s Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. [20] Ehyakonandeh, M., Shafiabadi, A.A. and Sudani, M. 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Master’s Thesis, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah. [31] Mostahfezian, M., Mozafari, A.A. and Amirtash, A.M. (2008) Comparison Study of General Health, Quality of Work Life of Active and Inactive Faculty Members at Different Azad Universities in Area 4. Research on Sport Sciences, 4, 105-108. [32] Mohammadi, S.H. (2006) Teachers’ Burnout and Psychological Health. Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 3, 15-23. [33] Beer, J. (1992) Burnout and Stress, Depression and Self-Esteem of Teachers. Psychological Research Experience Program, 71, 1331-1336. [34] Moradi, A.H., Poursarrajian, D. and Alizadeh Naeeni, A.R. (2013) The Relationship between Hardiness and Burnout among the Teachers of the Universities and Higher Educational Institutes—Case Study. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2, 500-506. [35] Sadeghi Boroujerdi, S. (2003) The Relationship of Job Stressors with Physical and Mental Health and Job Burnout of Faculty Members of Sports Science. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science. [36] Habibi, E., Dehghan, H., Safari, S., Mahaki, B. and Hassanzadeh, A. (2014) Effects of Work-Related Stress on Work Ability Index among Refinery Workers. Journal of Education of Health Promotion, 3, 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.127598 [37] Guest, D. and Dewe, P. (1990) Methods of Coping with Stress at Work: A Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Study of Measurement Issues. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 135-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110205 [38] Navidian, A. (2005) Examining Occupational Stressors and Their Relationship with General Health of Nurses Working in Hospitals in Zahedan. Scientific and Research Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 9. [39] Jafarpoor, H. (1997) The Relationship between Hardiness and Burnout in Teachers of Ordinary and Special Schools. Master’s Thesis, Tehran University, Tehran. [40] Keshani, A. (1998) Job Satisfaction and Job Burnout among the Teachers of Mentally Retarded Children. Master’s Thesis of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran. [41] Saatchi, M. (2008) Mental Health in the Workplace with Emphasis on Job Stress and Burnout. Viraiesh, Tehran.
[1] Oreyzi, H., Nouri, A., Zare, R. and Amiri, M. (2013) Meta-Analysis of the Researches Done about the Relationship between Burnout and Mental Health. Social Welfare, 13, 93-112. [2] Weightman, J. (1999) Introduction Organization Behavior. Longman Press, London. [3] Russell, D.W., Altmaier, E. and Van Velzen, D. (1987) Job-Related Stress, Social Support, and Burnout among Classroom Teachers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 722, 269-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.269 [4] World Health Organization (1998) The World Health Report 1998—Life in the 21st Century: A Vision for All. [5] Shirom, A. (2003) Job-Related Burnout: A Review. In: Quick, J.C. and Tetrick, L.E., Eds., Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 245-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10474-012 [6] Cordes, C.L. and Dougherty, T.W. (1993) A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18, 621-656. [7] Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. and Liter, M.P. (2001) Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 [8] Shirom, A., Melamed, S., Toker, S., Berliner, S. and Shapira, I. (2005) Burnout and Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions. In: Anthoniou, A. and Cooper, C., Eds., New Perspectives in Occupational Health, Vol. 20, 269-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470029307.ch7 [9] Honkonen, T., Ahola, K., Pertovaara, M., Isometsa, E., Kalimo, R., Nykyri, E., Aromaa, A. and Lonnqvist, J. (2004) The Association between Burnout and Physical Illness in the General Population—Results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 59-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.10.002 [10] Nasti Zaei, N., Vaezi, M.D. and Molazehi, A. (2008) The Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Employees of Department of Telecommunications in Zahedan. Yazd Health Research Quarterly, 7. [11] Saberi, S.M., et al. (2008) The Relationship between Burnout and General Health of Judges and Prosecutors Working in the Judicial Authorities in Tehran. Journal of Legal Medicine, 14, 92-98. [12] Rostami, A.R., et al. (2008) Exploring the Relationship of Job Burnout and Psychological Wellbeing with the Controlling Role of Gender and Resiliency among Primary Teachers. Quarterly of Iran Occupational Health, 5, 68-75. [13] Shakerinia, I. and Mohammadpour, M. (2010) Relationship between Job Stress and Resiliency with Occupational Burnout among Nurses. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 14, 161-169. [14] Jamali, D., Zanhour, M. and Keshishian, T. (2009) Peculiar Strengths and Relational Attributes of SMEs in the Context of CSR. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 355-367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9925-7 [15] Ahghar, G.H. (2006) The Role of School Organizational Culture in Teachers’ Job Related Fatigue. Journal of Education, 86, 93-123. [16] Boshlideh, K., Taghipour, M., Hashemi Sheikhshabani, I. and Jazaieri, Z. (2011) The Relationship between Job Burnout and General Health of Middle School teachers. Journal of Practical Advice of Shahid Chamran University, 1. [17] Ghobaribanab, B., Khazaei, M.A., Alizadeh, H. and Tofi, Z. (2004) Determine the Predicators of Job Burnout (Teachers of Normal and Retarded Children in Birjand). News Journal of Psychotherapy, 9, 33-34. [18] Ghadimi Moghaddam, M.M. and Hosseini Tabatabaee, F. (2006) Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and Its Relationship with Gender, Education Level, Job Classification, and Geographical Location among Teachers and Employees of the Education Organization. Psychological Research, 9, 56-73. [19] Badri Gargouri, R. (1995) Psychological Syndrome and Job Burnout of Teachers and Coping Mechanisms. Master’s Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. [20] Ehyakonandeh, M., Shafiabadi, A.A. and Sudani, M. (2008) The Relationship between Health and Job Burnout of the Staff of Islamic Azad University. Journal of Thought and Behavior, 3. [21] Gargari, B. (1995) Psychological Syndrome of Teachers’ Job Burnout and Coping Mechanisms. Master Thesis of Psychology, Tarbiat Moddares University, Tehran. [22] Lim, N., Kim, E.K., Kim, H., Yang, E. and Lee, S.M. (2010) Individual and Work-Related Factors Influencing Burnout of Mental Health Professionals: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Employment Counseling, 47, 86-96. [23] Maslach, C. and Jackcon, S.E. (1981) The Maslach Burnout Inventor Research Edition. Counseling. Psychologist Press, Palo Alto. [24] Shokrkon, H. (1995) Sources of Resistant against Mental Pressure. Proceedings of the First Seminar on Stress, Allameh Tabatabei University, Tehran. [25] Goldberg, D.P. and Hillier, V.F. (1979) A Scaled Version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 9, 139-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700021644 [26] Bahri Binabaj, N., Moghiman, M., Atarbashi, M. and Garche, M. (2003) The Survey of Relationship between Job Burnout and Health Status of Midwives and Nurses. Ofogh-e-Danesh, 9, 99-104. (In Persian) [27] Abdi Masouleh, F., Kaviani, H., Haghanizadeh, M. and Momeni Araghi, A. (2007) The Relationship between Burnout and Mental Health among Nurses. Tehran University Medical Journal, 65, 65-75. [28] Martin, S.S. (2008) Relational and Economic Antecedents of Organizational Commitment. Personnel Review, 37, 589- 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480810906856 [29] Lackritz, J.R. (2004) Exploring Burnout among University Faculty: Incidence, Performance, and Demographic Issues. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 713-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.07.002 [30] Ghobadi, A. (2006) Examining the Relationship between General Health and Job Burnout among Physical Education Teachers in Kermanshah. Master’s Thesis, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah. [31] Mostahfezian, M., Mozafari, A.A. and Amirtash, A.M. (2008) Comparison Study of General Health, Quality of Work Life of Active and Inactive Faculty Members at Different Azad Universities in Area 4. Research on Sport Sciences, 4, 105-108. [32] Mohammadi, S.H. (2006) Teachers’ Burnout and Psychological Health. Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 3, 15-23. [33] Beer, J. (1992) Burnout and Stress, Depression and Self-Esteem of Teachers. Psychological Research Experience Program, 71, 1331-1336. [34] Moradi, A.H., Poursarrajian, D. and Alizadeh Naeeni, A.R. (2013) The Relationship between Hardiness and Burnout among the Teachers of the Universities and Higher Educational Institutes—Case Study. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2, 500-506. [35] Sadeghi Boroujerdi, S. (2003) The Relationship of Job Stressors with Physical and Mental Health and Job Burnout of Faculty Members of Sports Science. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science. [36] Habibi, E., Dehghan, H., Safari, S., Mahaki, B. and Hassanzadeh, A. (2014) Effects of Work-Related Stress on Work Ability Index among Refinery Workers. Journal of Education of Health Promotion, 3, 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.127598 [37] Guest, D. and Dewe, P. (1990) Methods of Coping with Stress at Work: A Conceptual Analysis and Empirical Study of Measurement Issues. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 135-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110205 [38] Navidian, A. (2005) Examining Occupational Stressors and Their Relationship with General Health of Nurses Working in Hospitals in Zahedan. Scientific and Research Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 9. [39] Jafarpoor, H. (1997) The Relationship between Hardiness and Burnout in Teachers of Ordinary and Special Schools. Master’s Thesis, Tehran University, Tehran. [40] Keshani, A. (1998) Job Satisfaction and Job Burnout among the Teachers of Mentally Retarded Children. Master’s Thesis of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran. [41] Saatchi, M. (2008) Mental Health in the Workplace with Emphasis on Job Stress and Burnout. Viraiesh, Tehran.