Mapping Trajectories of Attention to Drug Related Issues in Estonian Main Dailies
Author(s)
Marianne Paimre
ABSTRACT
Illicit drugs have been a burning social issue in Estonia over the last fifteen years. Estonia has taken the lead in Europe with regard to drug-related deaths and prevalence of HIV among injecting drug users. Experimental drug use among Estonian students is more widespread than the European average. It is important to study press coverage, because according to agenda setting theory, the media plays an important role in influencing the salience of social issues on the public agenda. The aim of this article is to map fluctuations in attention received from Estonian two major dailies to different drug related issues during the last 25 years. The author focuses on issues highlighted in national and international drug reports such as drug addiction, drug related crime, spread of HIV among addicts, drug-induced deaths, drug problem in schools etc. Content analysis of almost 1000 press articles reflecting drug problems in Estonia was carried out from 1990 to 2014. The study revealed that since 1995, attention received from the major newspapers to drug related crime has been high and quite stable compared to other drug issues. Press interest with regard to problem drug use and HIV was notice a bleat the turn of the millennium and in the beginning of the new century, but almost lost by 2014. More intense periods of coverage were triggered by specific events. Only a few articles have reflected drug induced death despite the fact that Estonia is the undisputed leader in the EU regarding this indicator. This reflects that the coverage was not been in line with the drug situation in Estonia. It seems that the attention of the press depends rather on newsworthiness of the issue and the agenda setting processes.
Illicit drugs have been a burning social issue in Estonia over the last fifteen years. Estonia has taken the lead in Europe with regard to drug-related deaths and prevalence of HIV among injecting drug users. Experimental drug use among Estonian students is more widespread than the European average. It is important to study press coverage, because according to agenda setting theory, the media plays an important role in influencing the salience of social issues on the public agenda. The aim of this article is to map fluctuations in attention received from Estonian two major dailies to different drug related issues during the last 25 years. The author focuses on issues highlighted in national and international drug reports such as drug addiction, drug related crime, spread of HIV among addicts, drug-induced deaths, drug problem in schools etc. Content analysis of almost 1000 press articles reflecting drug problems in Estonia was carried out from 1990 to 2014. The study revealed that since 1995, attention received from the major newspapers to drug related crime has been high and quite stable compared to other drug issues. Press interest with regard to problem drug use and HIV was notice a bleat the turn of the millennium and in the beginning of the new century, but almost lost by 2014. More intense periods of coverage were triggered by specific events. Only a few articles have reflected drug induced death despite the fact that Estonia is the undisputed leader in the EU regarding this indicator. This reflects that the coverage was not been in line with the drug situation in Estonia. It seems that the attention of the press depends rather on newsworthiness of the issue and the agenda setting processes.
Cite this paper
Paimre, M. (2015) Mapping Trajectories of Attention to Drug Related Issues in Estonian Main Dailies. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 3, 39-48. doi: 10.4236/ajc.2015.32005.
Paimre, M. (2015) Mapping Trajectories of Attention to Drug Related Issues in Estonian Main Dailies. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 3, 39-48. doi: 10.4236/ajc.2015.32005.
References
[1] Bell, P. (1985). Drugs and the Media. Australian Alcohol/Drug Review, 4, 235-242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595238580000401 [2] Bright, S., Marsh, A., Smith, L., & Bishop, B. (2008). What Can We Say about Substance Use? Dominant Discourses and Narratives Emergent from Australian Media. Addiction Research & Theory, 2, 135-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16066350701794972 [3] Chermak, S. (1997). The Presentation of Drugs in the News Media: The News Sources Involved in the Construction of Social Problems. Justice Quarterly, 14, 687-718.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829700093551 [4] Coleman, C. (1993). The Influence of Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication on Societal and Personal Risk Judgments. Communication Research, 20, 611-628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365093020004006 [5] Craig, R. (1981). Drug Themesin Metropolitan Newspapers: Review and Analysis. Substance Use & Misuse, 16, 1087-1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088109038915 [6] Crano, W. D., & Burgoon, M. (2002). Mass Media and Drug Prevention: Classic and Contemporary Theories and Research. Mahwah, New Jersey, London: LEA. [7] Deseran, T. A., & Orcutt, J. D. (2009). The Deconstruction of a Drug Crisis: Media Coverage of Drugs Issues during the 1996 Presidential Campaign. Journal of Drug Issues, 39, 871-891.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260903900405 [8] Djerf-Pierre, M. (2011).Green Metacycles of Attention: Reassessing the Attention Cycles of Environmental News Reporting 1961-2010. Public Understanding of Science, 4, 499-516.
http://pus.sagepub.com.ezproxy.utlib.ee/content/22/4/495.full.pdf+html? http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662511426819 [9] Edwards, G. (1995). Alcohol Policy and the Public Good. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications. [10] Elliott, A., & Chapman, S. (2000). “Heroin Hell Their Own Making”: Construction of Hero in Users in the Australian Press 1992-97. Drug & Alcohol Review, 19, 191-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713659328 [11] EMCDDA (2005). Youth Media: Thematic Papers. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_34038_EN_TP_Youth_media.pdf [12] EMCDDA (2014). European Drug Report: Trends and Developments. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_228272_EN_TDAT14001ENN.pdf [13] ESPAD (2012). The 2011 ESPAD Report: Substance Use among Students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm: ESPAD.
http://www.espad.org/Uploads/ESPAD_reports/2011/The_2011_ESPAD_Report_FULL_2012_10_29.pdf [14] Fan, D. (1996). News Media Framing Sets Public Opinion That Drugs Is the Country’s Most Important Problem. Substance Use and Misuse, 31, 1413-1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089609063984 [15] Gonzenbach, W. (1996). The Media, the President and Public Opinion: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Drug Issue, 1962-1991. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [16] Hansen, A. (1998). Content Analysis. In A. Hansen, S. Cottle, R. Negrine, & C. Newbold (Eds.), Mass Communication Research Methods (pp. 91-129). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. [17] Hellman, M. (2010). From Myth of Marginality to Portrayals of an Addictive Society: Reporting on Addictions in the Finnish Press (1968-2006). Addiction Research & Theory, 18, 224-242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350902836382 [18] Hoffman, L. H., & Slater, M. D. (2007). Evaluating Public Discourse in Newspaper Opinion Articles: Values-Framing and Integrative Complexity in Substance and Health Policy Issues. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84, 58-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900708400105 [19] Hughes, C. E., Spicer, B., Lancaster, K., Matthew-Simmons, F., & Dillon, P. (2010). Media Reporting on Illicit Drugs in Australia: Trends and Impacts on Youth Attitudes to Illicit Drug Use. Monograph 19, Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP) Monograph Series, Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre.
http://www.dpmp.unsw.edu.au/DPMPWeb.nsf/resources/Monograph+16.pdf/$file/DPMP+MONO+19.pdf [20] Lawrence, G., Bammer, G., & Chapman, S. (1999). “Sending the Wrong Message”: Analysis of Print Media Reportage of the ACT Heroin Prescription Trial Proposal, August 1997. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, 254-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01565.x [21] Manning, P. (2006). There’s No Glamour in Glue: News and the Symbolic Framing of Substance Misuse. Crime, Media & Culture, 2, 49-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659006061711 [22] McArthur, M. (1999). Pushing the Drug Debate: The Media’s Role in Policy Reform. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 35, 149-165. [23] McComas, K., & Shanahan, J. (1999). Telling Stories about Global Climate Change: Measuring the Impact of Narratives on Issue Cycles. Communication Research, 26, 30-57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365099026001003 [24] McCombs, M., & Reynolds, A. (2002). News Influence on Our Pictures of the World. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (2nd ed., pp. 1-18). Mahwah: LEA. [25] McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). London: SAGE. [26] Ministry of Justice (2015). Registreeritud kuriteod Eestist (Registered Offences in Estonia).
http://www.kriminaalpoliitika.ee/et/registreeritud-kuriteod-eestis-2003-2014-excel [27] Ministry of the Interior (2014). Eesti uimastitarvitamise vähendamisepoliitika. Valgeraamat. (Estonia’s Drug User Educing Policy. The White Paper). [28] Murji, K. (1998). The Agony and the Ecstasy: Drugs, Media and Morality. In R. Coomber (Ed.), The Control of Drugs and Drug Users: Reasonor Reaction? (pp. 69-85). London: Harwood.
http://www.psychedelic-library.org/murji.htm [29] NIHD (2002). National Report on Drug Situation in Estonia 2001. Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development. [30] NIHD (2005). Narkomaania Eestis 2005 (Drug Addiction in Estonia 2005). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development. [31] NIHD (2009). 2009.a. riiklik raport (2008. a andmed) EMCDDAle REITOXi riiklikult narkoteabekeskuselt (National Report to EMCDDA). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development. [32] NIHD (2011). 2011.aasta riiklik raport (2010. Aasta andmed) EMCDDAle REITOXi riiklikult narkoteabekeskuselt. Uus areng, suundumused ja süvainformatsioon valitud teemadel. (National Report to EMCDDA, 2010 Data). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development.
www.tai.ee/terviseandmed/uuringud/download/169 [33] NIHD (2014). 2014. Aasta riiklik raport (2013. Aasta andmed) EMCDDA-le REITOX-i riiklikult narkoteabekeskuselt. Eesti. Uued arengud ja suundumused (National Report to EMCDDA on Drug Situation in Estonia 2014, 2013 Data). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development (NIHD). [34] Noto, A. R., Pinsky, I., & Mastroianni, C. (2006). Drugs in the Brazilian Print Media: An Exploratory Survey of Newspaper and Magazine Stories in the Year 2000. Substance Use & Misuse, 41, 1263-1276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080600754868 [35] OECD (2014). Health at Glance: Europe 2014.
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/8114211e.pdf?expires=1423235691&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=0E5F99FFA808CA2BFAD369907622241D [36] Paimre, M. (2013). Narkoprobleemide kajastamine Eesti ajakirjanduses (1993-2009) (The Representation of Illicit Drugs Related Issues by the Estonian Press, 1993-2009). Academic Dissertation, Jyväskylä: Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities, University of Jyväskylä. [37] PHARE (1998). National Report Estonia. Sub-Regional Report Estonia. Phare Project on Drug Information System Final Phase. European Commission. [38] Riffe, D., Lacy, S., & Fico, F. (2005). Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Analysis in Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates. [39] Saar, A. (2012). Võitlus narkomaaniaga ei saa olla vaid politsei rida. Postimees 18. [40] Sato, H., & Campbell, R. (2014). Newspaper Reports on BSE around the Time of the Japan-US Trade Conflicts: Content Analysis of Japanese and US Dailies from 2002 to 2006. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 2, 20-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2014.21003 [41] Schäfer, M. S., Ivanova, A., & Schmidt, A. (2014). What Drives Media Attention for Climate Change? Explaining Issue Attention in Australian, German and Indian Print Media from 1996 to 2010. International Communication Gazette, 76, 152-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048513504169 [42] Shanahan, J., & McComas, K. (1997). Television’s Portrayal of the Environment: 1991-1995. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 74, 147-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400112 [43] Shoemaker, P. J. (1989). Communication Campaigns about Drugs: Governmet, Media and the Public. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. [44] Sznitman, S. R., & Lewis, N. (2015). Is Cannabis an Illicit Drug or a Medicine? A Quantitative Framing Analysis of Israeli Newspaper Coverage. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 446-452.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.01.010 [45] Taylor, S. (2008). Outside the Outsiders: Media Representations of Drug Use. Probation Journal, 55, 369-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550508096493 [46] Törrönen, J. (2004). Finnish Newspapers’ Positions on Drug Policy between 1993 and 2000. Contemporary Drug Problems, 31, 59-88. [47] UNODC (2011). World Drug Report 2011. New York: United Nations.
https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf [48] UNODC (2013). World Drug Report 2013. New York: United Nations.
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/secured/wdr/wdr2013/World_Drug_Report_2013.pdf [49] UNODC (2014). World Drug Report 2014. New York: United Nations.
http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2014/World_Drug_Report_2014_web.pdf [50] Watts, R. (2003). “Headlining Heroin”: Policy Change and Reporting the Heroin Problem. Media International Australia, 108, 67-68.
[1] Bell, P. (1985). Drugs and the Media. Australian Alcohol/Drug Review, 4, 235-242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595238580000401 [2] Bright, S., Marsh, A., Smith, L., & Bishop, B. (2008). What Can We Say about Substance Use? Dominant Discourses and Narratives Emergent from Australian Media. Addiction Research & Theory, 2, 135-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16066350701794972 [3] Chermak, S. (1997). The Presentation of Drugs in the News Media: The News Sources Involved in the Construction of Social Problems. Justice Quarterly, 14, 687-718.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07418829700093551 [4] Coleman, C. (1993). The Influence of Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication on Societal and Personal Risk Judgments. Communication Research, 20, 611-628.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365093020004006 [5] Craig, R. (1981). Drug Themesin Metropolitan Newspapers: Review and Analysis. Substance Use & Misuse, 16, 1087-1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088109038915 [6] Crano, W. D., & Burgoon, M. (2002). Mass Media and Drug Prevention: Classic and Contemporary Theories and Research. Mahwah, New Jersey, London: LEA. [7] Deseran, T. A., & Orcutt, J. D. (2009). The Deconstruction of a Drug Crisis: Media Coverage of Drugs Issues during the 1996 Presidential Campaign. Journal of Drug Issues, 39, 871-891.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260903900405 [8] Djerf-Pierre, M. (2011).Green Metacycles of Attention: Reassessing the Attention Cycles of Environmental News Reporting 1961-2010. Public Understanding of Science, 4, 499-516.
http://pus.sagepub.com.ezproxy.utlib.ee/content/22/4/495.full.pdf+html? http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662511426819 [9] Edwards, G. (1995). Alcohol Policy and the Public Good. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications. [10] Elliott, A., & Chapman, S. (2000). “Heroin Hell Their Own Making”: Construction of Hero in Users in the Australian Press 1992-97. Drug & Alcohol Review, 19, 191-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713659328 [11] EMCDDA (2005). Youth Media: Thematic Papers. Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_34038_EN_TP_Youth_media.pdf [12] EMCDDA (2014). European Drug Report: Trends and Developments. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_228272_EN_TDAT14001ENN.pdf [13] ESPAD (2012). The 2011 ESPAD Report: Substance Use among Students in 36 European Countries. Stockholm: ESPAD.
http://www.espad.org/Uploads/ESPAD_reports/2011/The_2011_ESPAD_Report_FULL_2012_10_29.pdf [14] Fan, D. (1996). News Media Framing Sets Public Opinion That Drugs Is the Country’s Most Important Problem. Substance Use and Misuse, 31, 1413-1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089609063984 [15] Gonzenbach, W. (1996). The Media, the President and Public Opinion: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Drug Issue, 1962-1991. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [16] Hansen, A. (1998). Content Analysis. In A. Hansen, S. Cottle, R. Negrine, & C. Newbold (Eds.), Mass Communication Research Methods (pp. 91-129). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. [17] Hellman, M. (2010). From Myth of Marginality to Portrayals of an Addictive Society: Reporting on Addictions in the Finnish Press (1968-2006). Addiction Research & Theory, 18, 224-242.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350902836382 [18] Hoffman, L. H., & Slater, M. D. (2007). Evaluating Public Discourse in Newspaper Opinion Articles: Values-Framing and Integrative Complexity in Substance and Health Policy Issues. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84, 58-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900708400105 [19] Hughes, C. E., Spicer, B., Lancaster, K., Matthew-Simmons, F., & Dillon, P. (2010). Media Reporting on Illicit Drugs in Australia: Trends and Impacts on Youth Attitudes to Illicit Drug Use. Monograph 19, Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP) Monograph Series, Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre.
http://www.dpmp.unsw.edu.au/DPMPWeb.nsf/resources/Monograph+16.pdf/$file/DPMP+MONO+19.pdf [20] Lawrence, G., Bammer, G., & Chapman, S. (1999). “Sending the Wrong Message”: Analysis of Print Media Reportage of the ACT Heroin Prescription Trial Proposal, August 1997. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, 254-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01565.x [21] Manning, P. (2006). There’s No Glamour in Glue: News and the Symbolic Framing of Substance Misuse. Crime, Media & Culture, 2, 49-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659006061711 [22] McArthur, M. (1999). Pushing the Drug Debate: The Media’s Role in Policy Reform. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 35, 149-165. [23] McComas, K., & Shanahan, J. (1999). Telling Stories about Global Climate Change: Measuring the Impact of Narratives on Issue Cycles. Communication Research, 26, 30-57.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365099026001003 [24] McCombs, M., & Reynolds, A. (2002). News Influence on Our Pictures of the World. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (2nd ed., pp. 1-18). Mahwah: LEA. [25] McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). London: SAGE. [26] Ministry of Justice (2015). Registreeritud kuriteod Eestist (Registered Offences in Estonia).
http://www.kriminaalpoliitika.ee/et/registreeritud-kuriteod-eestis-2003-2014-excel [27] Ministry of the Interior (2014). Eesti uimastitarvitamise vähendamisepoliitika. Valgeraamat. (Estonia’s Drug User Educing Policy. The White Paper). [28] Murji, K. (1998). The Agony and the Ecstasy: Drugs, Media and Morality. In R. Coomber (Ed.), The Control of Drugs and Drug Users: Reasonor Reaction? (pp. 69-85). London: Harwood.
http://www.psychedelic-library.org/murji.htm [29] NIHD (2002). National Report on Drug Situation in Estonia 2001. Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development. [30] NIHD (2005). Narkomaania Eestis 2005 (Drug Addiction in Estonia 2005). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development. [31] NIHD (2009). 2009.a. riiklik raport (2008. a andmed) EMCDDAle REITOXi riiklikult narkoteabekeskuselt (National Report to EMCDDA). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development. [32] NIHD (2011). 2011.aasta riiklik raport (2010. Aasta andmed) EMCDDAle REITOXi riiklikult narkoteabekeskuselt. Uus areng, suundumused ja süvainformatsioon valitud teemadel. (National Report to EMCDDA, 2010 Data). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development.
www.tai.ee/terviseandmed/uuringud/download/169 [33] NIHD (2014). 2014. Aasta riiklik raport (2013. Aasta andmed) EMCDDA-le REITOX-i riiklikult narkoteabekeskuselt. Eesti. Uued arengud ja suundumused (National Report to EMCDDA on Drug Situation in Estonia 2014, 2013 Data). Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development (NIHD). [34] Noto, A. R., Pinsky, I., & Mastroianni, C. (2006). Drugs in the Brazilian Print Media: An Exploratory Survey of Newspaper and Magazine Stories in the Year 2000. Substance Use & Misuse, 41, 1263-1276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080600754868 [35] OECD (2014). Health at Glance: Europe 2014.
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/8114211e.pdf?expires=1423235691&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=0E5F99FFA808CA2BFAD369907622241D [36] Paimre, M. (2013). Narkoprobleemide kajastamine Eesti ajakirjanduses (1993-2009) (The Representation of Illicit Drugs Related Issues by the Estonian Press, 1993-2009). Academic Dissertation, Jyväskylä: Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities, University of Jyväskylä. [37] PHARE (1998). National Report Estonia. Sub-Regional Report Estonia. Phare Project on Drug Information System Final Phase. European Commission. [38] Riffe, D., Lacy, S., & Fico, F. (2005). Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Analysis in Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates. [39] Saar, A. (2012). Võitlus narkomaaniaga ei saa olla vaid politsei rida. Postimees 18. [40] Sato, H., & Campbell, R. (2014). Newspaper Reports on BSE around the Time of the Japan-US Trade Conflicts: Content Analysis of Japanese and US Dailies from 2002 to 2006. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 2, 20-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2014.21003 [41] Schäfer, M. S., Ivanova, A., & Schmidt, A. (2014). What Drives Media Attention for Climate Change? Explaining Issue Attention in Australian, German and Indian Print Media from 1996 to 2010. International Communication Gazette, 76, 152-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048513504169 [42] Shanahan, J., & McComas, K. (1997). Television’s Portrayal of the Environment: 1991-1995. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 74, 147-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400112 [43] Shoemaker, P. J. (1989). Communication Campaigns about Drugs: Governmet, Media and the Public. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. [44] Sznitman, S. R., & Lewis, N. (2015). Is Cannabis an Illicit Drug or a Medicine? A Quantitative Framing Analysis of Israeli Newspaper Coverage. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26, 446-452.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.01.010 [45] Taylor, S. (2008). Outside the Outsiders: Media Representations of Drug Use. Probation Journal, 55, 369-387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550508096493 [46] Törrönen, J. (2004). Finnish Newspapers’ Positions on Drug Policy between 1993 and 2000. Contemporary Drug Problems, 31, 59-88. [47] UNODC (2011). World Drug Report 2011. New York: United Nations.
https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf [48] UNODC (2013). World Drug Report 2013. New York: United Nations.
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/secured/wdr/wdr2013/World_Drug_Report_2013.pdf [49] UNODC (2014). World Drug Report 2014. New York: United Nations.
http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2014/World_Drug_Report_2014_web.pdf [50] Watts, R. (2003). “Headlining Heroin”: Policy Change and Reporting the Heroin Problem. Media International Australia, 108, 67-68.