Nimibofa Ayawei^1*, Seimokumo Samuel Angaye¹, Donbebe Wankasi^1,2, Ezekiel Dixon Dikio^1,2

Show more
¹ Department of Chemical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria.
² Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Show less

Abstract: The adsorption properties of layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-CO3) for the removal of Congo Red (CR) dye from aqueous solution were studied. The layered double hydroxide was synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic (EDX). The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, dye concentrations and temperature variation were investigated. The results show that the amount of Congo Red adsorbed increases with increase in temperature but decreases with increase in initial dye concentration and contact time. The data were also fitted to several kinetic models: zero-order kinetic model, first-order kinetic model, second-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and third-order kinetic model respectively. The adsorption process was best defined by zero-order-kinetic model (R2 = 1). Langmuir, Freundich, Temkin and Dubinin-kaganer-Radushkevich (DPK) adsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data with Temkin isotherm being the most applicable to the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters e.g. △Go, △So, △Ho and △Hx of the adsorption process were found to be endothermic, spontaneous and feasible.

Keywords: Congo Red, Layered Double Hydroxides, Kinetic, Dye, Adsorption, Isotherms, Thermodynamics

Cite this paper: Ayawei, N. , Angaye, S. , Wankasi, D. and Dikio, E. (2015) Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide for the Degradation of Congo Red in Aqueous Solution. Open Journal of Physical Chemistry, 5, 56-70. doi: 10.4236/ojpc.2015.53007.

References

[1]   Gupta, V.K., Mittal, A., Krishnan, L. and Gajbe, V. (2004) Adsorption Kinetics and Column Operations for the Removal and Recovery of Malachite Green from Wastewater Using Bottom Ash. Separation and Purification Technology, 40, 87-96.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2004.01.008

[2]   Singh, K. and Arora, S. (2011) Removal of Synthetic Textile Dyes from Wastewater: A Critical Review on Present Treatment Technologies. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 807-878.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643380903218376

[3]   Anjaneyulu, Y., Chary, N.S. and Raj, D.S.S. (2005) Decolourization of Industrial Effluents-Available Methods and Emerging Technologies. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 4, 245-273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-005-1246-z

[4]   Prasad, A.L. and Santhi, T. (2012) Adsorption of Hazardous Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solution onto Acacia nilotica Leaves as an Eco Friendly Adsorbent. Sustainable Environment Research, 22, 113-122.

[5]   Gupta, V.K., Pathania, D., Singh, P., Kumar, A. and Rathore, B.S. (2014) Adsorptional Removal of Methylene Blue by Guar Gum-Cerium (IV) Tungstate Hybrid Cationic Exchanger. Carbohydrate Polymers, 101, 684-691.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.092

[6]   Ghaedi, M., Hassanzadeh, A. and Nasiri Kokhdan, S. (2011) Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Adsorbents for the Kinetic and Equilibrium Study of the Removal of Alizarin Red S and Morin. Journal of Chemical and Engineering, 56, 2511-2520.

[7]   Yao, Z., Wang, L. and Qi, J. (2009) Biosorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using a Bioenergy Forest Waste: Xanthocerassorbifolia Seed Coat. Clean, 37, 642-648.

[8]   Abd Ei-Latif, M.M., Ibrahim, A.M. and EI-Kady, M.F. (2010) Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Biopolymer Oak Sawdust Composite. Journal of American Science, 6, 267-283.

[9]   Vimonses, V., Lei, S., Jin, B., Chow, C.W.K. and Saint, C. (2009) Kinetic Study and Equilibrium Isotherm Analysis of Congo Red Adsorption by Clay Materials. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148, 354-364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.09.009

[10]   Sen, T.K., Afroze, S. and Ang, H.M. (2011) Equilibrium, Kinetics and Mechanism of Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Pine Cone Biomass of Pinus Radiate. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 218, 499-515.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0663-y

[11]   Zenasni, M.A., Meroufel, B., Amrouche, A., Naar, F., Merzouka, F. and Difallah, F. (2012) Phytoremédiation de Zn (II) par les racines de Calotropis Procera (Bechar, Algérie). ScienceLib, 4, 1-15.

[12]   Dawood, S. and Kanti Sen, T. (2012) Removal of Anionic Dye Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Raw Pine and Acid-Treated Pine Cone Powder as Adsorbent: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, Kinetics, Mechanism and Process Design. Water Research, 46, 1933-1946.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.009

[13]   Zenasni, M.A., Benfarhi, S., Mansri, A., Benmehdi, H., Meroufel, B., Desbrieres, J. and Dedriveres, R. (2011) Influence of pH on the Uptake of Toluene from Water by the Composite Poly(4-vinylpyridinium)-Maghnite. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 5, 486-493.

[14]   Hsu, L.C., Wang, S.L., Tzou, Y.M., Lin, C.F. and Chen, J.H. (2007) The Removal and Recovery of Cr(VI) by Li/Al Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 142, 242-249.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.024

[15]   Hu, Q.H., Xu, Z.P., Qiao, S.Z., Haghseresht, F., Wilson, M., Lu, G.Q., et al. (2007) A Novel Color Removal Adsorbent from Heterocoagulation of Cationic and Anionic Clays. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 308, 191-199.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.052

[16]   Roto, R., Nindiyasari, F. and Tahir, I. (2009) Removal of Hexacyanoferrate (II) Using Zn-Al-OA Hydrotalcite as an Anion Exchanger. Journal of Physical Science, 20, 73-84.

[17]   Iyi, N., Ebina, Y. and Sasaki, T. (2011) Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Swellable LDH (Layered Double Hydroxide) Hybrids Containing Sulfonate-Type Intercalant. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 8085-8095.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1jm10733j

[18]   Ayawei, N., Ekubo, A.T., Wankasi, D. and Dikio, E.D. (2015) Synthesis and Application of Layered Double Hydroxide for the Removal of Copper in Wastewater. International Journal of Chemistry, 7, 122-132.

[19]   Ayawei, N., Ekubo, A.T., Wankasi, D. and Dikio, E.D. (2015) Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of the Adsorption of Lead (II) on Ni/Fe Layered Double Hydroxide. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 3, 207-217.

[20]   Vadi, M. and Rahimi, M. (2014) Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin Adsorption Isotherms of Propranolol on Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube. Journal of Modern Drug Discovery and Drug Delivery Research, V1I3.

[21]   Yasin, Y., Malek, A.H.A. and Sumari, S.M. (2010) Adsorption of Eriochrome Black Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Anionic Layered Double Hydroxides. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 26, 1293-1298.

[22]   Badreddine, M., Legrouri, A., Barroug, A., De Roy, A. and Besse, J.P. (1999) Ion Exchange of Different Phosphate Ions into the Zinc-Aluminium-Chloride Layered Double Hydroxide. Materials Letters, 38, 391-395.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(98)00195-5

[23]   Arivoli, S., Venkatraman, B.R., Rajachandrasekar, T. and Hema, M. (2007) Adsorption of Ferrous Ion from Aqueous Solution by Low Cost Activated Carbon Obtained from Natural Plant Material. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 17, 70-78.

[24]   Dawodu, F.A., Akpomie, G.K. and Ogbu, I.C. (2012) Isotherm Modeling on the Equilibrium Sorption of Cadmium (II) from Solution by Agbani Clay. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering, 3, 9-14.

[25]   Choy, K.K.H., Mckay, G. and Porter, J.F. (1999) Sorption of Acidic Dyes from Effluents Using Activated Carbons. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 27, 57-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(98)00085-8

[26]   Flavio, A.P., Silvio, L.P.D., Ede, C.L. and Edilson, V.B. (2008) Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution by Anilinepropylsilica Xerogel. Dyes and Pigments, 76, 64-69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.08.027

[27]   Ahmet, G. (2009) Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Congo Red from Chloro-Functionalized Silsesquioxanes. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 34, 437-445.

[28]   Bulut, Y. and Aidin, H. (2006) A Kinetic and Thermodynamics Study of Methylene Blue Adsorption on Wheat Shells. Desalination, 194, 259-267.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.032

[29]   Ayawei, N., Ekubo, A.T., Wankasi, D. and Dikio, E.D. (2015) Mg/Fe Layered Double Hydroxide for Removal of Lead (Ii): Thermodynamic, Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies. European Journal of Science and Engineering, 3, 1-17.

[30]   Ayawei, N., Ekubo, A.T., Wankasi, D. and Dikio, E.D. (2015) Adsorption Dynamics of Copper Adsorption by Zn/ Al-CO3. IJACSA, 3, 57-64.