Adsorption of Benzene in Batch System in Natural Clay and Sandy Soil

Chiedu N.  Owabor; EbuwaI  Osagie

doi:10.4236/aces.2015.53037

EbuwaI Osagie, Chiedu N. Owabor

Abstract: The adsorption potential of clay and sandy soil to remove benzene from liquid-phase system was examined. A series of batch adsorption tests were carried out for various concentrations of benzene (50 - 250 mg/l) in tightly corked 1000 ml flasks for clay and sandy soil, respectively. Equilibrium and kinetics data were obtained from the batch experiments. Adsorption increased with increasing initial benzene concentration. The equilibrium data obtained from the adsorption of benzene were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics process showed that the kinetic model of pseudo second-order was the best fit to the experimental data. The results showed that clay and sandy soil had good potential for the removal of aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene from aqueous solution.

Keywords: Adsorption, Benzene, Natural Clay, Sandy Soil, Sorption Isotherms

Cite this paper: Osagie, E. and Owabor, C. (2015) Adsorption of Benzene in Batch System in Natural Clay and Sandy Soil. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 5, 352-361. doi: 10.4236/aces.2015.53037.

References

[1] Fetzer, J.C. (2007) The Chemistry and Analysis of Large PAHs. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, 27, 143-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406630701268255

[2] Ritter, L., Solomon, K., Forget, J., Stemeroff, M. and O’leary, C. (1995) A Review of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). PCS/95.39. World Health Organization, Geneva, Vol. 65, 66.

[3] Band, P.R., Le, N.D., Fang, R. and Deschamps, M. (2002) Carcinogenic and Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Risk of Breast Cancer. The Lancet, 360, 1044-1049.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11140-8

[4] Cross, A.J. and Wiersma, G.B. (1979) Preliminary Analysis of Cancer Rates in Organic Chemical-Producing Counties, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency.

[5] Rogers, R.D., McFarlane, J.C. and Cross, A.J. (1980) Adsorption and Desorption of Benzene in Two Soils and Montmorillonite Clay. Environmental Science & Technology, 14, 457-460.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es60164a005

[6] Cabal, B., Budinova, T., Ania, C.O., Tsyntsarski, B., Parra, J. B. and Petrova, B. (2009) Adsorption of Naphthalene from Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbons Obtained from Bean Pods. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161, 1150-1156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.108

[7] Derylo-Marczewska, A., Swiatkowski, A., Biniak, S. and Walczyk, M. (2008) Effect of Properties of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon and Aromatic Adsorbate Molecule on Adsorption from Liquid Phase. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 327, 1-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.05.026

[8] Banat, F., Al-Bashir, B., Al-Asheh, S. and Hayajneh, O. (2000) Adsorption of Phenol by Bentonite. Environmental Pollution, 107, 391-398.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00173-6

[9] Koh, S. and Dixon, J.B. (2001) Preparation and Application of Organo-Minerals as Sorbents of Phenol, Benzene and Toluene. Applied Clay Science, 18, 111-122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(00)00040-5

[10] Harris, R.G., Wells, J.D. and Johnson, B.B. (2001) Selective Adsorption of Dyes and Other Organic Molecules to Kaolinite and Oxide Surfaces. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 180, 131-140.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00747-0

[11] Prasad, R.K. and Srivastava, S. (2009) Sorption of Distillery Spent Wash onto Fly Ash: Kinetics and Mass Transfer Studies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 146, 90-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.05.021

[12] Ho, Y., Porter, J. and McKay, G. (2002) Equilibrium Isotherm Studies for the Sorption of Divalent Metal Ions onto Peat: Copper, Nickel and Lead Single Component Systems. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 141, 1-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021304828010

[13] Langmuir, I. (1916) The Constitution and Fundamental Properties of Solids and Liquids. Part I. Solids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 38, 2221-2295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja02268a002

[14] Freundlich, H. (1906) Over the Adsorption in Solution. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 57, e470.

[15] Temkin, M. and Pyzhev, V. (1940) Kinetics of Ammonia Synthesis on Promoted Iron Catalysts. Acta Physicochimica URSS, 12, 217-222.

[16] Sharma, N. and Nandi, B.K. (2013) Utilization of Sugarcane Baggase, an Agricultural Waste to Remove Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 4, 1052-1065.

[17] Lagergren, S. (1898) About the Theory of So-Called Adsorption of Soluble Substances. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 24, 1-39.

[18] Ho, Y. and McKay, G. (1999) Pseudo-Second Order Model for Sorption Processes. Process Biochemistry, 34, 451-465.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5

[19] Redlich, O. and Peterson, D.L. (1959) A Useful Adsorption Isotherm. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 63, 1024-1024.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150576a611

[20] Hubbe, M.A., Rojas, O.J., Fingas, M. and Gupta, B.S. (2013) Cellulosic Substrates for Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Systems: A Review. 3. Spilled Oil and Emulsified Organic Liquids. BioResources, 8, 3038-3097.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.2.3038-3097

[21] Treybal, R.E., Rodríguez, A.G. and Lozano, F.J. (1980) Operaciones de transferencia de masa. McGraw-Hill, New York.