Journey to the Land of No Return: Alice Notley’s The Descent of Alette and the Sumerian “Descent of Inanna”
Author(s)
Kurt Cline
ABSTRACT
The shaman’s song is reflected in epical literature in the theme of the Otherworldly Journey. As recorded by ethnologists, the shaman’s song, a record of as well as engagement with such a journey, summons up a bizarre dreamscape populated by fantastic beings, and engages with a specialized poetics employing linguistic paradox, trance-inducing rhythms, and nonsense words—these last considered by shamans to be a “secret language.” Alice Notley’s contemporary descent myth The Descent of Alette has strong ties to the ancient Sumerian Descent of Inanna as well as to the Gnostic myth of Sophia’s descent into matter to affect the redemption of humankind. I show Inanna’s connection to shamanic praxis and Gnostic mythology, and read Alette’s journey as a crisis vision, in order to argue for the existence of a shamanic poetics, a special way of using language as a healing medium and vehicle of myth. Notley’s post-modern epic placed alongside the extremely ancient Inanna myth-cycle reveals the shaman’s perennial theme of the Otherworldly Journey ever reconfigured according to the artist/healer’s relationship to a specific culture, and that culture’s relationship to the shamanic paradigm.
The shaman’s song is reflected in epical literature in the theme of the Otherworldly Journey. As recorded by ethnologists, the shaman’s song, a record of as well as engagement with such a journey, summons up a bizarre dreamscape populated by fantastic beings, and engages with a specialized poetics employing linguistic paradox, trance-inducing rhythms, and nonsense words—these last considered by shamans to be a “secret language.” Alice Notley’s contemporary descent myth The Descent of Alette has strong ties to the ancient Sumerian Descent of Inanna as well as to the Gnostic myth of Sophia’s descent into matter to affect the redemption of humankind. I show Inanna’s connection to shamanic praxis and Gnostic mythology, and read Alette’s journey as a crisis vision, in order to argue for the existence of a shamanic poetics, a special way of using language as a healing medium and vehicle of myth. Notley’s post-modern epic placed alongside the extremely ancient Inanna myth-cycle reveals the shaman’s perennial theme of the Otherworldly Journey ever reconfigured according to the artist/healer’s relationship to a specific culture, and that culture’s relationship to the shamanic paradigm.
KEYWORDS
Contemporary Poetry and Poetics, Ancient Epic Poetry, American Literature, Sumerian Myth, Gnosticism
Contemporary Poetry and Poetics, Ancient Epic Poetry, American Literature, Sumerian Myth, Gnosticism
Cite this paper
Cline, K. (2015) Journey to the Land of No Return: Alice Notley’s The Descent of Alette and the Sumerian “Descent of Inanna”. Advances in Literary Study, 3, 89-93. doi: 10.4236/als.2015.33014.
Cline, K. (2015) Journey to the Land of No Return: Alice Notley’s The Descent of Alette and the Sumerian “Descent of Inanna”. Advances in Literary Study, 3, 89-93. doi: 10.4236/als.2015.33014.
References
[1] Black, J., & Green, A. (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. Austin: University of Texas. [2] Burroughs, W. S. (1987). The Western Lands. New York: Penguin. [3] Cline, K. (2010). The Shaman’s Song and Divination in the Epic Tradition. Anthropology of Consciousness, 21, 163-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-3537.2010.01027.x [4] Fremanantle, F., & Trungpa, C. (2000). The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Boston: Shambhala. [5] Doresse, J. (1960) The Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics. New York: Viking Press. [6] Drury, N. (1982). The Shaman and the Magician: Journeys between Worlds. London: Arkana. [7] Notley, A. (1992). Descent of Alette. New York: Penguin. [8] Robinson, J. (1990). On the Origin of the World. In J. Robinson (Ed.), The Nag Hammadi Library (pp. 170-189). San Francisco: Harper. [9] Wolkstein, D., & Kramer, S. N. (1983). Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer. New York: Harper and Row.
[1] Black, J., & Green, A. (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. Austin: University of Texas. [2] Burroughs, W. S. (1987). The Western Lands. New York: Penguin. [3] Cline, K. (2010). The Shaman’s Song and Divination in the Epic Tradition. Anthropology of Consciousness, 21, 163-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-3537.2010.01027.x [4] Fremanantle, F., & Trungpa, C. (2000). The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Boston: Shambhala. [5] Doresse, J. (1960) The Secret Books of the Egyptian Gnostics. New York: Viking Press. [6] Drury, N. (1982). The Shaman and the Magician: Journeys between Worlds. London: Arkana. [7] Notley, A. (1992). Descent of Alette. New York: Penguin. [8] Robinson, J. (1990). On the Origin of the World. In J. Robinson (Ed.), The Nag Hammadi Library (pp. 170-189). San Francisco: Harper. [9] Wolkstein, D., & Kramer, S. N. (1983). Inanna, Queen of Heaven and Earth: Her Stories and Hymns from Sumer. New York: Harper and Row.