Nano-Ferric Oxide Promotes Watermelon Growth
Affiliation(s)
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
ABSTRACT
With the rapid growing of nanotechnology, the effects of nanomaterials released into the environment on plants have drawn more and more attention. Iron is an element essential for plant growth and development. Iron is involved in chlorophyll formation; iron deficiency will cause a plant disorder known as chlorosis. However, whether iron in nano-ferric oxide can be absorbed by plants were rarely concerned. Nano-ferric oxide might promote the growth and development of plants in a suitable concentration. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether nano-ferric oxide can be used to treat chlorosis and the physiological changes of plants in nano-ferric oxide environment. Watermelon was chosen as the experimental plant. Seedlings of watermelon plants were grown in full nutrient solution without iron for 2 weeks until the leaves got yellow. Then the seedlings were treated with different concentrations of nano-ferric oxide (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/L) and 50 mmol/L of EDTA-Fe(II) for a month. The control group seedlings were still grown in full nutrient solution without any iron. Indicators such as activity of antioxidase like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein were studied to measure the physiological effects nano-ferric oxide might have on watermelon. It was observed that the leaves reverted green. Experimental data showed that watermelon absorbed iron from nano-ferric oxide, and nano-ferric oxide promoted watermelon growth in some ways in a suitable concentration.
With the rapid growing of nanotechnology, the effects of nanomaterials released into the environment on plants have drawn more and more attention. Iron is an element essential for plant growth and development. Iron is involved in chlorophyll formation; iron deficiency will cause a plant disorder known as chlorosis. However, whether iron in nano-ferric oxide can be absorbed by plants were rarely concerned. Nano-ferric oxide might promote the growth and development of plants in a suitable concentration. An experiment was designed to evaluate whether nano-ferric oxide can be used to treat chlorosis and the physiological changes of plants in nano-ferric oxide environment. Watermelon was chosen as the experimental plant. Seedlings of watermelon plants were grown in full nutrient solution without iron for 2 weeks until the leaves got yellow. Then the seedlings were treated with different concentrations of nano-ferric oxide (0, 20, 50, 100 mg/L) and 50 mmol/L of EDTA-Fe(II) for a month. The control group seedlings were still grown in full nutrient solution without any iron. Indicators such as activity of antioxidase like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein were studied to measure the physiological effects nano-ferric oxide might have on watermelon. It was observed that the leaves reverted green. Experimental data showed that watermelon absorbed iron from nano-ferric oxide, and nano-ferric oxide promoted watermelon growth in some ways in a suitable concentration.
Cite this paper
Wang, M. , Liu, X. , Hu, J. , Li, J. and Huang, J. (2015) Nano-Ferric Oxide Promotes Watermelon Growth. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 6, 160-167. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2015.63016.
Wang, M. , Liu, X. , Hu, J. , Li, J. and Huang, J. (2015) Nano-Ferric Oxide Promotes Watermelon Growth. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 6, 160-167. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2015.63016.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470396612.ch14 [11] Han, O. (2011) Molecular Mechanism of Intestinal Iron Absorption. Metallomics, 3, 103-109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0mt00043d [12] Lin, D. and Xing, B. (2007) Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles: Inhibition of Seed Germination and Root Growth. Environmental Pollution, 50, 243-250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.016 [13] Barrena, R., Casals, E., Colón, J., Font, X., Sánchez, A. and Puntes, V. (2009) Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Model Nanoparticles. Chemosphere, 75, 850-857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.078 [14] Seeger, E.M., Baun, A., Kstner, M. and Trapp, S. (2009) Insignificant Acute Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles to Willow Trees. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 9, 46-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-008-0034-0 [15] Khodakovskaya, M.V., de Silva, K., Biris, A.S., Dervishi, E. and Villagarcia, H. (2012) Carbon Nanotubes Induce Growth Enhancement of Tobacco Cells. ACS Nano, 6, 2128-2135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn204643g [16] Lu, C.M., Zhang, C.Y., Wen, J.Q. and Wu, G.R. (2002) Effects of Nano Material on Germination and Growth of Soybean. Soybean Science, 21, 168-171. [17] Zheng, L., Su, M.Y., Wu, X., Liu, C., Qu, C.X., Chen, L., et al. (2008) Antioxidant Stress Is Promoted by Nano-Anatase in Spinach Chloroplasts under UV-B Radiation. Biological Trace Element Research, 121, 69-79.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-007-8028-0 [18] Feizi, H., Moghaddam, P.R., Shahtahmassebi, N. and Fotovat, A. (2012) Impact of Bulk and Nanosized Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. Biological Trace Element Research, 46, 101-106.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3MT00064H [20] Ghafariyan, M.H., Malakouti, M.J., Dadpour, M.R., Stroeve, P. and Mahmoudi, M. (2013) Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Soybean Chlorophyll. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 10645-10652. [21] Ji, J., Long, Z.F. and Lin, D.H. (2011) Toxicity of Oxide Nanoparticles to the Green Algae Chlorella sp. Chemical Engineering Journal, 170, 525-530.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535 [24] Warheit, D.B., Webb, T.R., Reed, K.L., Frerichs, S. and Sayes, C.M. (2007) Pulmonary Toxicity Study in Rats with Three Forms of Ultrafine-TiO2 Particles: Differential Responses Related to Surface Properties. Toxicology, 230, 90- 104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.002 [25] Wang, Y.H., Ying, Y., Chen, J. and Wang, X.C. (2004) Transgenic Arabidopsis Overexpressing Mn-SOD Enhanced Salt-Tolerance. Plant Science, 167, 671-677.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.03.032 [26] Gallego, S.M., Benavídes, M.P. and Tomaro, M.L. (1996) Effect of Heavy Metal Ion Excess on Sunflower Leaves: Evidence for Involvement of Oxidative Stress. Plant Science, 121, 151-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04528-1 [27] Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. (1968) Photoperoxidation in Isolated Chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Fatty Acid Peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-198.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1
[1] Kumar, V. and Yadav, S.K. (2009) Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 84, 151-157.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2023 [2] Biswas, A., Bayer, I.S., Biris, A.S., Wang, W., Dervishi, E. and Faupel, F. (2012) Advances in Top-Down and Bottom- Up Surface Nanofabrication: Techniques, Applications & Future Prospects. Advances in Colloid & Interface Science, 170, 2-27.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.11.001 [3] Kumar, V. and Yadav, S.K. (2012) Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Leaf and Seed Extract of Syzygium cumini L. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 7, 440-451.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2010.543989 [4] Daniel, M.C. and Astruc, D. (2004) Gold Nanoparticles: Assembly, Supramolecular Chemistry, Quantum-Size-Related Properties, and Applications toward Biology, Catalysis, and Nanotechnology. Chemical Reviews, 104, 293-346. [5] Nel, A., Xia, T., Madler, L. and Li, N. (2006) Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel. Science, 311, 622-627.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1114397 [6] Mohanpuria, P., Rana, N.K. and Yadav, S.K. (2008) Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles: Technological Concepts and Future Applications. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10, 507-517.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-007-9275-x [7] Sozer, N. and Kokini, J.L. (2009) Nanotechnology and Its Applications in the Food Sector. Trends in Biotechnology, 27, 82-89.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.10.010 [8] Boczkowski, J. and Hoet, P. (2010) What’s New in Nanotoxicology? Implications for Public Health from a Brief Review of the 2008 Literature. Nanotoxicology, 4, 1-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390903428844 [9] Nowack, B. and Bucheli, T.D. (2007) Occurrence, Behavior and Effects of Nanoparticles in the Environment. Environmental Pollution, 150, 5-22. [10] Unrine, J., Bertsch, P. and Hunyadi, S. (2008) Bioavailability, Trophic Transfer, and Toxicity of Manufactured Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Terrestrial Environments. In: Grassian, V.H., Ed., Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Environmental and Health Impacts, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, 345-366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470396612.ch14 [11] Han, O. (2011) Molecular Mechanism of Intestinal Iron Absorption. Metallomics, 3, 103-109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0mt00043d [12] Lin, D. and Xing, B. (2007) Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles: Inhibition of Seed Germination and Root Growth. Environmental Pollution, 50, 243-250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.01.016 [13] Barrena, R., Casals, E., Colón, J., Font, X., Sánchez, A. and Puntes, V. (2009) Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of Model Nanoparticles. Chemosphere, 75, 850-857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.078 [14] Seeger, E.M., Baun, A., Kstner, M. and Trapp, S. (2009) Insignificant Acute Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles to Willow Trees. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 9, 46-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-008-0034-0 [15] Khodakovskaya, M.V., de Silva, K., Biris, A.S., Dervishi, E. and Villagarcia, H. (2012) Carbon Nanotubes Induce Growth Enhancement of Tobacco Cells. ACS Nano, 6, 2128-2135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn204643g [16] Lu, C.M., Zhang, C.Y., Wen, J.Q. and Wu, G.R. (2002) Effects of Nano Material on Germination and Growth of Soybean. Soybean Science, 21, 168-171. [17] Zheng, L., Su, M.Y., Wu, X., Liu, C., Qu, C.X., Chen, L., et al. (2008) Antioxidant Stress Is Promoted by Nano-Anatase in Spinach Chloroplasts under UV-B Radiation. Biological Trace Element Research, 121, 69-79.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-007-8028-0 [18] Feizi, H., Moghaddam, P.R., Shahtahmassebi, N. and Fotovat, A. (2012) Impact of Bulk and Nanosized Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) on Wheat Seed Germination and Seedling Growth. Biological Trace Element Research, 46, 101-106.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9222-7 [19] Mukherjee, A., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Bandyopadhyay, S., Rico, C.M., Zhao, L.J. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L. (2014) Physiological Effects of Nanoparticulate ZnO in Green Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivated in Soil. Metallomics, 6, 132-138.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C3MT00064H [20] Ghafariyan, M.H., Malakouti, M.J., Dadpour, M.R., Stroeve, P. and Mahmoudi, M. (2013) Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Soybean Chlorophyll. Environmental Science & Technology, 47, 10645-10652. [21] Ji, J., Long, Z.F. and Lin, D.H. (2011) Toxicity of Oxide Nanoparticles to the Green Algae Chlorella sp. Chemical Engineering Journal, 170, 525-530.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.026 [22] Linsebigler, A.L., Lu, G. and Yates, J.T. (1995) Photocatalysis on TiO2 Surfaces: Principles, Mechanisms, and Selected Results. Chemical Reviews, 95, 735-758. [23] Chen, X.B. and Mao, S.S. (2007) Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Chemical Reviews, 107, 2891-2959.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535 [24] Warheit, D.B., Webb, T.R., Reed, K.L., Frerichs, S. and Sayes, C.M. (2007) Pulmonary Toxicity Study in Rats with Three Forms of Ultrafine-TiO2 Particles: Differential Responses Related to Surface Properties. Toxicology, 230, 90- 104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.002 [25] Wang, Y.H., Ying, Y., Chen, J. and Wang, X.C. (2004) Transgenic Arabidopsis Overexpressing Mn-SOD Enhanced Salt-Tolerance. Plant Science, 167, 671-677.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.03.032 [26] Gallego, S.M., Benavídes, M.P. and Tomaro, M.L. (1996) Effect of Heavy Metal Ion Excess on Sunflower Leaves: Evidence for Involvement of Oxidative Stress. Plant Science, 121, 151-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(96)04528-1 [27] Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. (1968) Photoperoxidation in Isolated Chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Fatty Acid Peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-198.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1