Characterization of Phosphide Platelets in Eutectic Sand Cast Cu-Sn-P Alloy
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria. 2 Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria. 2 Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
A procedure for evaluating the degree of spheroidization of phosphide platelets in cast Cu-4%Sn- 5%P alloys using fractal analysis was investigated. The specimens were obtained by melting copper and tin in an improvised clay mould raised to a temperature of 1850°C ± 20°C, holding for a period of 10 minutes to 1 hour to modify the aspect ratio of the phosphide platelets. It was found that these platelets have the tendency to change their shape from being spherical to more Euclidian shapes as time elapses. It was found that the inter-platelets distances are approximately equal with time. This effect was more pronounced in samples with high holding time.
A procedure for evaluating the degree of spheroidization of phosphide platelets in cast Cu-4%Sn- 5%P alloys using fractal analysis was investigated. The specimens were obtained by melting copper and tin in an improvised clay mould raised to a temperature of 1850°C ± 20°C, holding for a period of 10 minutes to 1 hour to modify the aspect ratio of the phosphide platelets. It was found that these platelets have the tendency to change their shape from being spherical to more Euclidian shapes as time elapses. It was found that the inter-platelets distances are approximately equal with time. This effect was more pronounced in samples with high holding time.
Cite this paper
Mudashiru, L. , Azeez, T. , Afolabi, S. and Babatunde, I. (2015) Characterization of Phosphide Platelets in Eutectic Sand Cast Cu-Sn-P Alloy. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 4, 28-35. doi: 10.4236/ijnm.2015.43004.
Mudashiru, L. , Azeez, T. , Afolabi, S. and Babatunde, I. (2015) Characterization of Phosphide Platelets in Eutectic Sand Cast Cu-Sn-P Alloy. International Journal of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 4, 28-35. doi: 10.4236/ijnm.2015.43004.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.06.001 [10] Andreas, L., Monika, G. and Wolfram, S. (2012) Experimental Investigation on the Ternary Phase Diagram Cu-Sn-P. World of Metallurgy—ERZMETALL, 2, 117-125. [11] Kutz, M. (2002) Handbook of Materials Selection. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470172551 [12] Mandelbrot, B.B. (1983) The Fractal Geometry of Nature. Freeman Publishers, London. [13] Durowoju, M.O. and Akintan, A.L. (2013) Variation between Fractal Geometry andMechanical Properties of Al Alloys under Different Heat Treatments. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 3, 38-44. [14] Hangai, Y. and Kitahara, S. (2008) Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity in Al Die Castings by Fractal Analysis of Perimeter. Materials Transactions, 49, 782-786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MRA2007314 [15] Huang, Y.J. and Lu, S.Z. (2002) A Measurement of the Porosity in Aluminum Cast Alloys Using Fractal Analysis. Proceeding of 2nd International Aluminum Casting Technology Symposium, Houston. [16] Kong, J., Xu, C., Li, J., Chen, W. and Hou, H. (2011) Evolution of Fractal Features of Pores in Compacting and Sintering Process. Advanced Powder Technology, 22, 439-442.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2010.06.012 [17] Lu, S.Z. and Hellawell, A. (1995) Fractal Analysis of Complex Microstructures in Materials. Proceedings of MC95 International Metallographic Conference, Colmar, 10-12 May 1995, 115-119.
[1] Kohler, F., Campanella, T., Nakanishi, S. and Rappaz, M. (2008) Application of Single Pan Thermal Analysis of Cu-Sn Peritectic Alloys. Acta Materialia, 56, 1519-1528.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.006 [2] Ozgowicz, W. (2012) Thermal Analysis of Vacancy Defects in Tin Bronzes—∝. Journal of Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 391-395. [3] Brown, L. (1994) Cost-Effective Manufacturing: Joining of Copper and Copper Alloys. CDA Publication. [4] Davis, J.R. (2001) Copper and Copper Alloy. ASM Specialty Handbook. ASM International, Materials Park, OH. [5] Kuniteru, M., Tatsuhiko, E., Takashi, Y. and Akihiro, K. (2004) Effects of Metallographic Structures on the Properties of High-Performance Phosphor Bronze. Furukawa Review, 26, 44-48. [6] Masota, W., Akihiko, I. and Hiromi, M. (2013) A Basic Study of Dynamic Recrystalization in Cu-Sn-P Alloy for High Strength Copper. Kobelco Technological Review, 31, 96-103. [7] Durowoju, M.O. and Babatunde, I.A. (2013) The Effect of Varying the Composition of Phosphorus on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tin-Bronze Alloys. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, 3, 1801-1804. [8] Tuttle, J., Canavan, E. and DiPirro, M. (2009) Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Measurements of CDA 510 Phosphorus Bronze. Advance in Cryogenic Engineering, 52, 124-131. [9] Woodcraft, A.L., Ventura, G., Martelli, V. and Holland, W.S. (2010) Thermal Conductance at Millikelvin Temperatures of Woven Ribbon Cable with Phosphorus-Bronze Clad Superconducting Wires. Advance in Cryogenic Engineering, 50, 465-468.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.06.001 [10] Andreas, L., Monika, G. and Wolfram, S. (2012) Experimental Investigation on the Ternary Phase Diagram Cu-Sn-P. World of Metallurgy—ERZMETALL, 2, 117-125. [11] Kutz, M. (2002) Handbook of Materials Selection. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470172551 [12] Mandelbrot, B.B. (1983) The Fractal Geometry of Nature. Freeman Publishers, London. [13] Durowoju, M.O. and Akintan, A.L. (2013) Variation between Fractal Geometry andMechanical Properties of Al Alloys under Different Heat Treatments. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 3, 38-44. [14] Hangai, Y. and Kitahara, S. (2008) Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity in Al Die Castings by Fractal Analysis of Perimeter. Materials Transactions, 49, 782-786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MRA2007314 [15] Huang, Y.J. and Lu, S.Z. (2002) A Measurement of the Porosity in Aluminum Cast Alloys Using Fractal Analysis. Proceeding of 2nd International Aluminum Casting Technology Symposium, Houston. [16] Kong, J., Xu, C., Li, J., Chen, W. and Hou, H. (2011) Evolution of Fractal Features of Pores in Compacting and Sintering Process. Advanced Powder Technology, 22, 439-442.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2010.06.012 [17] Lu, S.Z. and Hellawell, A. (1995) Fractal Analysis of Complex Microstructures in Materials. Proceedings of MC95 International Metallographic Conference, Colmar, 10-12 May 1995, 115-119.