Dielectric Properties and a.c. Conductivity of Epoxy/Alumina Silicate NGK Composites
Author(s)
Waleed A. Hussain1,
Abdullah A. Hussein2,
Jabar M. Khalaf1,
Ali H. Al-Mowali3*,
Abdullwahab A. Sultan4
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq. 2 Department of Material Science, Polymer Research Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. 3 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. 4 Southern Technical College, Basrah, Iraq.
1 Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq. 2 Department of Material Science, Polymer Research Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. 3 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. 4 Southern Technical College, Basrah, Iraq.
ABSTRACT
Alumina silicate powder which is extracted from the obsolete spark plug NGK (insulator part as a filler) has been used to produce epoxy/alumina silicate composite. The dielectric behavior of the composite materials (epoxy resin-alumina silicate NGK) is analyzed as a function of the filler content, temperature and frequency. AC conductivity and impedance are also studied. The results show that the permittivity, dielectric loss and loss tangent for all composites increase with increasing alumina silicate NGK filler content.
Alumina silicate powder which is extracted from the obsolete spark plug NGK (insulator part as a filler) has been used to produce epoxy/alumina silicate composite. The dielectric behavior of the composite materials (epoxy resin-alumina silicate NGK) is analyzed as a function of the filler content, temperature and frequency. AC conductivity and impedance are also studied. The results show that the permittivity, dielectric loss and loss tangent for all composites increase with increasing alumina silicate NGK filler content.
Cite this paper
Hussain, W. , Hussein, A. , Khalaf, J. , Al-Mowali, A. and Sultan, A. (2015) Dielectric Properties and a.c. Conductivity of Epoxy/Alumina Silicate NGK Composites. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 5, 282-289. doi: 10.4236/aces.2015.53028.
Hussain, W. , Hussein, A. , Khalaf, J. , Al-Mowali, A. and Sultan, A. (2015) Dielectric Properties and a.c. Conductivity of Epoxy/Alumina Silicate NGK Composites. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 5, 282-289. doi: 10.4236/aces.2015.53028.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00166-4 [13] Wang, S.K. and Chung, D.D.L. (2005) The Interlaminar Interface of a Carbon Fiber Epoxy-Matrix Composite as an Impact Sensor. Journal of Materials Science, 40, 1863-1867.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1205-7 [14] Babaevsky, P.G., Kozlov, N.A., Churilo, I.V. and Slagoda, V.V. (2005) Influence of Simulated and Natural Space Environment Factors on Dielectric Properties of Epoxyamine Polymers and Polymer-Based Composite Materials. Cosmic Research, 43, 25-33. [15] Tanaka, T. (2005) Dielectric Nanocomposites with Insulating Properties. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 12, 914-928.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.04.008 [24] Cheng, K.-C., Lin, C.-M., Wang, S.-F., Lin, S.-T. and Yang, C.-F. (2007) Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Resin-Barium Titanate Composites at High Frequency. Materials Letters, 61, 757-760.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.061 [25] Medalia, A.I. (1986) Electrical Conduction in Carbon Black Composites. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 59, 432-454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538209 [26] Hussain, A.A. and Hussain, W.A. (2010) Dielectric Properties of Epoxy/BaTiO3 Composites. Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences), 36, 1-7.
[1] Gutmann, R.J. (1999) Advanced Silicon IC Interconnect Technology and Design: Present Trends and RF Wireless Implications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 47, 667-674.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.769333 [2] Awaya, N., Inokawa, H., Yamamoto, E., Okazaki, Y., Miyake, M., Arita, Y. and Kobayashi, T. (1996) Evaluation of a Copper Metallization Process and the Electrical Characteristics of Copper-Interconnected Quarter-Micron CMOS. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 43, 1206-1212.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.506770 [3] Allan, A., Edenfeld, D., Joyner, W.H., Kahng, A.B., Rodgers, M. and Zorian, Y. (2001) The National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Semiconductor Industry Association, 35, 42-53. [4] Golden, J.H., Hawker, C.J. and Ho, P.S. (2001) Designing Porous Low-k Dielectrics. Semiconductor International, 24, 79-87. [5] Xu, Y., Chung, D.D.L. and Mroz, C. (2002) Thermally Conducting Aluminum Nitride Polymer-Matrix Composites. Composite: Part A, 32, 1749-1757. [6] Pezzotti, P., Kamada, I. and Miki, S. (2000) Thermal Conductivity of AlN/Polystyrene Interpenetrating Networks. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 20, 1197-1203.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219(99)00282-4 [7] Lee, H. and Neville, K. (1967) Hand Book of Epoxy Resins. McGrow Hill Book Company, London. [8] Hodgin, M.J. and Estes, R.H. (1999) Advanced Boron Nitride Epoxy Formulation Excel in Thermal management Applications. Proc. NEPCON Conf., Anaheim, 359-366. [9] Weidenfeller, B., HÖfer, M. and Schilling, F. (2002) Thermal and Electrical Properties of Magnetite Filled Polymers. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 33, 1041-1053.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00085-4 [10] Mamuny, Y.P., Davydenko, V.V., Pissis, P. and Lebedev, E.V. (2002) Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Polymers Filled with Metal Powders. European Polymer Journal, 38, 1887-1897.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(02)00064-2 [11] Pillai, P.K.C., Narula, G.K. and Tripathi, A.K. (1984) Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene/Polycarbonate Polyblends. Polymer Journal, 16, 575-578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.16.575 [12] Luo, X.C. and Chung, D.D.L. (2001) Carbon-Fiber/Polymer-Matrix Composites as Capacitors. Composites Science and Technology, 61, 885-888.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00166-4 [13] Wang, S.K. and Chung, D.D.L. (2005) The Interlaminar Interface of a Carbon Fiber Epoxy-Matrix Composite as an Impact Sensor. Journal of Materials Science, 40, 1863-1867.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1205-7 [14] Babaevsky, P.G., Kozlov, N.A., Churilo, I.V. and Slagoda, V.V. (2005) Influence of Simulated and Natural Space Environment Factors on Dielectric Properties of Epoxyamine Polymers and Polymer-Based Composite Materials. Cosmic Research, 43, 25-33. [15] Tanaka, T. (2005) Dielectric Nanocomposites with Insulating Properties. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 12, 914-928.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2005.1522186 [16] Singha, S. and Thomas, M.J. (2008) Permittivity and Tan Delta Characteristics of Epoxy Nanocomposites in the Frequency Range of 1 MHz-1 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 15, 2-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/T-DEI.2008.4446731 [17] Singh, V., Kulkarni, A.R. and Ramamohan, T.R. (2003) Dielectric Properties of Aluminum-Epoxy Composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90, 3602-3608.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13085 [18] Kim, C.H. and Shin, J.S. (2002) Dielectric Relaxation of Siloxan-Epoxy Copolymers. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 23, 413-416. [19] Ramajo, L., Catro, M.S. and Reboredo, M.M. (2007) Effect of Silane as Coupling Agent on the Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3-Epoxy Composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 38, 1852-1959.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.04.003 [20] Hyun, J.G., Lee, S. and Paik, K.W. (2005) Frequency and Temperature Dependance of Dielectric Constant of Epoxy/ BaTiO3 Composite. Electronic Component and Technology Conference, 1241-1247. [21] Muhammed, A., Athar, J. and Tasneem, Z.R. (2005) Dielectric Properties of Industrial Polymer Composite Materials. Turkish Journal of Physics, 29, 355-362. [22] Hadik, N., Outzourhit, A., Elmansouri, A., Abouelaoualim, A., Oueriagli, A. and Ameziane, E.L. (2009) Dielectric Behavior of Ceramic (BST)/Epoxy Thick Films. Active and Passive Electronic Components, 2009, Article ID: 437130. [23] Saq’an, S.A., Ayesh, A.S., Zihlif, A.M., Martuscelli, E. and Ragosta, G. (2004) Physical Properties of Polystyrene/Alum Composites. Polymer Testing, 23, 739-745.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.04.008 [24] Cheng, K.-C., Lin, C.-M., Wang, S.-F., Lin, S.-T. and Yang, C.-F. (2007) Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Resin-Barium Titanate Composites at High Frequency. Materials Letters, 61, 757-760.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.05.061 [25] Medalia, A.I. (1986) Electrical Conduction in Carbon Black Composites. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 59, 432-454.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538209 [26] Hussain, A.A. and Hussain, W.A. (2010) Dielectric Properties of Epoxy/BaTiO3 Composites. Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences), 36, 1-7.