Assessment of the Phylogenetic Affiliation Levels of Water Mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) Species with the Elemental Analysis Method
Affiliation(s)
1 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. 2 Chemistry Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. 3 Education Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
1 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. 2 Chemistry Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. 3 Education Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
ABSTRACT
10 different species of water mites which are Georgella helvetica, Eylais extendens, Hydrachna globose, Hydrachna prosifera, Hydrachna skorikowi, Hydrodroma despiciens, Hydryphantes dispar, Limnesia fulgida, Eylais setosa, Hydryphantes flexuosus were used in this study. The total masses of these species were measured as mg with the use of an elemental analyzer to calculate the percentage of the organic components of their structures. The achieved values were assessed separately for each species and element with the interpolation method. Out of these organic elements, the amount of C with an approximately value of 50% was the highest for all species while the amounts of S which was approximately 1% was determined as the lowest for almost all species. The observed values were discussed in terms of the systematic of water mites.
10 different species of water mites which are Georgella helvetica, Eylais extendens, Hydrachna globose, Hydrachna prosifera, Hydrachna skorikowi, Hydrodroma despiciens, Hydryphantes dispar, Limnesia fulgida, Eylais setosa, Hydryphantes flexuosus were used in this study. The total masses of these species were measured as mg with the use of an elemental analyzer to calculate the percentage of the organic components of their structures. The achieved values were assessed separately for each species and element with the interpolation method. Out of these organic elements, the amount of C with an approximately value of 50% was the highest for all species while the amounts of S which was approximately 1% was determined as the lowest for almost all species. The observed values were discussed in terms of the systematic of water mites.
Cite this paper
Aşçi, F. , Uçar, M. , Kabak, Ş. and Özkan, M. (2015) Assessment of the Phylogenetic Affiliation Levels of Water Mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) Species with the Elemental Analysis Method. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6, 427-432. doi: 10.4236/abb.2015.66042.
Aşçi, F. , Uçar, M. , Kabak, Ş. and Özkan, M. (2015) Assessment of the Phylogenetic Affiliation Levels of Water Mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) Species with the Elemental Analysis Method. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 6, 427-432. doi: 10.4236/abb.2015.66042.
References
[1] Smith, I.M. and Cook, D.R. (1991) Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, 523-592. [2] Cook, D.R. (1974) Water Mite Genera and Subgenera. American Entomological Institute, 21, 860. [3] Di Sabatino, A., Smit, H., Gwerecke, R., Golschmidt, T., Matsumoto, N. and Cicolani, B. (2008) Global Diversty of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arachnidia) in Fresh Water. Hydrobiologia, 595, 303-315.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9025-1 [4] Smith, H. and Hammen van der, H. (2000) Atlas van de Nederlandse watermijten (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 13, 3-272. [5] Wiecek, M., Martin, P. and Gabka, M. (2013) Distribution Patterns and Environmental Correlates of Water Mites (Hydrachnidia, Acari) in Peatland Microhabitats. Experimental Applied Acarology, 61, 147-160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9692-8 [6] Di Sabatino, A., Boggero, A., Miccoli, F.P. and Cicolani, B. (2004) Diversity, Distribution and Ecology of Water Mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia and Halacaridae) in High Alpine Lakes. Experimental Applied Acarology, 34, 199-210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:APPA.0000045251.44202.58 [7] Miccoli, F.P., Lombardo, P. and Cicolani, B. (2013) Indicator Value of Lotic Water Mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) and Their Use in Macroinvertebrate-Based Indices for Water Quality Assessment Purposes. Knowledge and Management Aquatic Ecosystems, 411, 8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2013075 [8] Edwards, D.D. and Labhart, M. (2000) Genetic Differences among Host-Associated Populations of Water Mites (Acari: Unionicolidae: Unionicola): Allozyme Variation Supports Morphological Differentiation. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 1008-1011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1008:GDAHAP]2.0.CO;2 [9] Onrat, S.T., Asçi, F. and Ozkan, M. (2006) A Cytogenetics Study of Hydrodroma Despiciens (Müller, 1776) (Acari: Hydrachnellae: Hydrodromidae). Genetics and Molecular Research, 30, 342-349. [10] Asadi, M., Hinomotob, N., Sabooric, A. and Javan-Nikkhahc, M. (2012) Genetic Diversity in Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Sequences of the Water Mite Hygrobates fluviatilis (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Hygrobatidae). International Journal of Acarology, 38, 96-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.633558 [11] Gerecke, R. (2003) Water Mites of the Genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the Western Palaearctic Region: A Revision. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 138, 141-378.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.06-0.00051.x [12] Abe, H. (2000) Phylogeny and Evolution. Journal of Acarology Society Japan, 9, 1-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2300/acari.9.1 [13] Bader, R.E. (1954) Ueberdie Herstell ungeinesagglutinierenden Serumsgegen die Rund form von Shigella sonnei miteinem Stamm der Gattung Pseudomonae. Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, 140, 450-456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184857 [14] Witte, H. and Döring, D. (1999) Canalized Patways of Change and Constraints in the Evolution of Reproductive Modes of Micro Arthropods. Experimental Applied Acarology, 23, 181-216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006062813800 [15] Witte, H. and Olomski, R. (1999) The Evolutionary Transformation of Functional Systems in the Parasitengona. Acarology IX: Symposia, Ohio Biological Survey, Colombus, 125-136. [16] Harvey, M.S. (2008) The Australien Water Mites. A Guide to Families and Genera. Monogr. Invertebrata Hydrobiologia, 595, 303-315. [17] Cziak, G., Langer, H. and Ziegler, H. (1984) Biologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 944.
[1] Smith, I.M. and Cook, D.R. (1991) Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, 523-592. [2] Cook, D.R. (1974) Water Mite Genera and Subgenera. American Entomological Institute, 21, 860. [3] Di Sabatino, A., Smit, H., Gwerecke, R., Golschmidt, T., Matsumoto, N. and Cicolani, B. (2008) Global Diversty of Water Mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arachnidia) in Fresh Water. Hydrobiologia, 595, 303-315.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-9025-1 [4] Smith, H. and Hammen van der, H. (2000) Atlas van de Nederlandse watermijten (Acari: Hydrachnidia). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 13, 3-272. [5] Wiecek, M., Martin, P. and Gabka, M. (2013) Distribution Patterns and Environmental Correlates of Water Mites (Hydrachnidia, Acari) in Peatland Microhabitats. Experimental Applied Acarology, 61, 147-160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-013-9692-8 [6] Di Sabatino, A., Boggero, A., Miccoli, F.P. and Cicolani, B. (2004) Diversity, Distribution and Ecology of Water Mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia and Halacaridae) in High Alpine Lakes. Experimental Applied Acarology, 34, 199-210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:APPA.0000045251.44202.58 [7] Miccoli, F.P., Lombardo, P. and Cicolani, B. (2013) Indicator Value of Lotic Water Mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) and Their Use in Macroinvertebrate-Based Indices for Water Quality Assessment Purposes. Knowledge and Management Aquatic Ecosystems, 411, 8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2013075 [8] Edwards, D.D. and Labhart, M. (2000) Genetic Differences among Host-Associated Populations of Water Mites (Acari: Unionicolidae: Unionicola): Allozyme Variation Supports Morphological Differentiation. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 1008-1011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1008:GDAHAP]2.0.CO;2 [9] Onrat, S.T., Asçi, F. and Ozkan, M. (2006) A Cytogenetics Study of Hydrodroma Despiciens (Müller, 1776) (Acari: Hydrachnellae: Hydrodromidae). Genetics and Molecular Research, 30, 342-349. [10] Asadi, M., Hinomotob, N., Sabooric, A. and Javan-Nikkhahc, M. (2012) Genetic Diversity in Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Sequences of the Water Mite Hygrobates fluviatilis (Acari: Hydrachnidia: Hygrobatidae). International Journal of Acarology, 38, 96-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2011.633558 [11] Gerecke, R. (2003) Water Mites of the Genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Parasitengona: Hygrobatidae) in the Western Palaearctic Region: A Revision. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 138, 141-378.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.06-0.00051.x [12] Abe, H. (2000) Phylogeny and Evolution. Journal of Acarology Society Japan, 9, 1-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2300/acari.9.1 [13] Bader, R.E. (1954) Ueberdie Herstell ungeinesagglutinierenden Serumsgegen die Rund form von Shigella sonnei miteinem Stamm der Gattung Pseudomonae. Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, 140, 450-456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184857 [14] Witte, H. and Döring, D. (1999) Canalized Patways of Change and Constraints in the Evolution of Reproductive Modes of Micro Arthropods. Experimental Applied Acarology, 23, 181-216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006062813800 [15] Witte, H. and Olomski, R. (1999) The Evolutionary Transformation of Functional Systems in the Parasitengona. Acarology IX: Symposia, Ohio Biological Survey, Colombus, 125-136. [16] Harvey, M.S. (2008) The Australien Water Mites. A Guide to Families and Genera. Monogr. Invertebrata Hydrobiologia, 595, 303-315. [17] Cziak, G., Langer, H. and Ziegler, H. (1984) Biologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 944.