Modeling and Simulation of Hot Metal Desulfurization by Powder Injection
Affiliation(s)
Departmento de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapozalco, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departmento de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapozalco, Mexico City, Mexico.
ABSTRACT
The desulfurization of hot metal by the mono-injection of lime powder and the co-injection of lime, calcium carbide and magnesium powders is mathematically modeled. The mono-injection model is derived from the continuity equation and is validated using experimental results and data previously reported in the literature. The co-injection model and the rate constant of the injected mixture are determined from the molar fractions and rate constants of the individual powders. The effect of the lime content of the mixture on the desulfurization dynamics is studied and discussed.
The desulfurization of hot metal by the mono-injection of lime powder and the co-injection of lime, calcium carbide and magnesium powders is mathematically modeled. The mono-injection model is derived from the continuity equation and is validated using experimental results and data previously reported in the literature. The co-injection model and the rate constant of the injected mixture are determined from the molar fractions and rate constants of the individual powders. The effect of the lime content of the mixture on the desulfurization dynamics is studied and discussed.
KEYWORDS
CFD Simulation, Co-Injection Desulfurization, Hot Metal Desulfurization, Lime Injection, Powder Mono-Injection, Powder Desulfurization
CFD Simulation, Co-Injection Desulfurization, Hot Metal Desulfurization, Lime Injection, Powder Mono-Injection, Powder Desulfurization
Cite this paper
Barron, M. , Hilerio, I. and Medina, D. (2015) Modeling and Simulation of Hot Metal Desulfurization by Powder Injection. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 5, 295-303. doi: 10.4236/ojapps.2015.56030.
Barron, M. , Hilerio, I. and Medina, D. (2015) Modeling and Simulation of Hot Metal Desulfurization by Powder Injection. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 5, 295-303. doi: 10.4236/ojapps.2015.56030.
References
[1] Fruehan, R.J. (1998) The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel. In: Steelmaking and Refining Volume, 11th Edition, Association of Iron and Steel Engineers, Pittsburgh, Chapter 7. [2] Lindstrom, D., Nortier, P. and Sichen, D. (2014) Functions of CaO and Mg-CaO Mixtures in Hot Metal Desulfurization. Steel Research International, 85, 76-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300071 [3] Siemens VAI (2012) Hot Metal Desulfurization with Injection Technology. Metals Technologies GmbH, Linz.
http://www.industry.siemens.com/datapool/industry/industrysolutions/metals/simetal/en/HM-De-S-en.pdf [4] http://www.alzchem.com/en/markets-products/metallurgy/hot-metal-desulfurisation/hot-meal-desulfurisation-basic-products [5] Satyendra (2013) Desulphurization of Hot Metal.
http://ispatguru.com/desulphurization-of-hot-metal/ [6] Diao, J., Xie, B. and Wang, S.S. (2009) Research on Slag Modifying Agents for CaO-Mg Based Hot-Metal Desulphurisation. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 36, 543-547.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328109X445642 [7] Kikuchi, N., Nabeshima, S. and Kishimoto, Y. (2012) Effect of Propane Gas on Hot Metal Desulfurization by CaO Based Flux. ISIJ International, 52, 1809-1816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328109X445642 [8] Kumar, A., Chacko, Z., Malathi, M., Godiwalla, K.M., Ajmani, S.K. and Ranganathan, S. (2013) Desulfurization of Hot Metal through in Situ Generation of Magnesium in 30-kg Molten Iron Bath-Influence of Inert Gas Flow Rate. Steel Research International, 85, 927-934.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300374 [9] Lindstrom, D. and Sichen, D. (2015) Kinetic Study of Desulfurization of Hot Metal Using CaO and CaC2. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 46B, 83-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0195-8 [10] Shao, P., Zhang, T., Zhang, Z. and Liu, Y. (2014) Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Flow in Mechanical-Gas Injection Coupled Stirred System. ISIJ International, 54, 1507-1516.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.1507 [11] Chen, Y., Bao, Y., Wang, M., Zhao, L. and Peng, Z. (2014) A Mathematical Model for the Dynamic Desulfurization Process of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Steel in the LF Refining Process. Metallurgical Research & Technology, 111, 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2014006 [12] Zou, Z., Zou, Y., Zhang, L. and Wang, N. (2001) Mathematical Model of Hot Metal Desulphurization by Powder In jection. ISIJ International, 41, S66-S69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.41.Suppl_S66 [13] Pirker, S., Gittler, P., Pirker, H. and Lehner, J. (1999) CFD, A Design Tool for a New Hot Metal Desulfurization Technology. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, CSIRO, Melbourne, 6-8 December 1999. [14] Seshadri, V., da Silva, C., da Silva, I. and Kruger, P. (1997) A Kinetic Model Applied to the Molten Pig Iron Desulfurization by Injection of Lime-Based Powders. ISIJ International, 37, 21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.37.21 [15] Lou, W. and Zhu, M. (2014) Numerical Simulation of Desulfurization Behavior in Gas-Stirred Systems Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics-Simultaneous Reaction Model (CFD-SRM) Coupled Model. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 45, 1706-1722.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0105-0 [16] Bird, R., Stewart, W.E. and Lightfoot, E.N. (2002) Transport Phenomena. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. [17] Oeters, F. (1989) Metallurgy of Steelmaking. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [18] Levenspiel, O. (1999) Chemical Reaction Engineering. Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York. [19] Fluent (2003) Fluent 6.1 User’s Guide. NH, Lebanon. [20] Zhao, Y. (1992) The Role of Oxygen in Hot Metal Desulphurization with Calcium Carbide Powder Injection. Ph.D. Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. [21] Irons, G.A. and Guthrie, R.I.L. (1981) The Kinetics of Molten Iron Desulfurization Using Magnesium Vapor. Metallurgical Transactions B, 12, 755-767.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02654145
[1] Fruehan, R.J. (1998) The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel. In: Steelmaking and Refining Volume, 11th Edition, Association of Iron and Steel Engineers, Pittsburgh, Chapter 7. [2] Lindstrom, D., Nortier, P. and Sichen, D. (2014) Functions of CaO and Mg-CaO Mixtures in Hot Metal Desulfurization. Steel Research International, 85, 76-88.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300071 [3] Siemens VAI (2012) Hot Metal Desulfurization with Injection Technology. Metals Technologies GmbH, Linz.
http://www.industry.siemens.com/datapool/industry/industrysolutions/metals/simetal/en/HM-De-S-en.pdf [4] http://www.alzchem.com/en/markets-products/metallurgy/hot-metal-desulfurisation/hot-meal-desulfurisation-basic-products [5] Satyendra (2013) Desulphurization of Hot Metal.
http://ispatguru.com/desulphurization-of-hot-metal/ [6] Diao, J., Xie, B. and Wang, S.S. (2009) Research on Slag Modifying Agents for CaO-Mg Based Hot-Metal Desulphurisation. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 36, 543-547.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328109X445642 [7] Kikuchi, N., Nabeshima, S. and Kishimoto, Y. (2012) Effect of Propane Gas on Hot Metal Desulfurization by CaO Based Flux. ISIJ International, 52, 1809-1816.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328109X445642 [8] Kumar, A., Chacko, Z., Malathi, M., Godiwalla, K.M., Ajmani, S.K. and Ranganathan, S. (2013) Desulfurization of Hot Metal through in Situ Generation of Magnesium in 30-kg Molten Iron Bath-Influence of Inert Gas Flow Rate. Steel Research International, 85, 927-934.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300374 [9] Lindstrom, D. and Sichen, D. (2015) Kinetic Study of Desulfurization of Hot Metal Using CaO and CaC2. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 46B, 83-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0195-8 [10] Shao, P., Zhang, T., Zhang, Z. and Liu, Y. (2014) Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Flow in Mechanical-Gas Injection Coupled Stirred System. ISIJ International, 54, 1507-1516.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.1507 [11] Chen, Y., Bao, Y., Wang, M., Zhao, L. and Peng, Z. (2014) A Mathematical Model for the Dynamic Desulfurization Process of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Steel in the LF Refining Process. Metallurgical Research & Technology, 111, 37-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2014006 [12] Zou, Z., Zou, Y., Zhang, L. and Wang, N. (2001) Mathematical Model of Hot Metal Desulphurization by Powder In jection. ISIJ International, 41, S66-S69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.41.Suppl_S66 [13] Pirker, S., Gittler, P., Pirker, H. and Lehner, J. (1999) CFD, A Design Tool for a New Hot Metal Desulfurization Technology. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on CFD in the Minerals and Process Industries, CSIRO, Melbourne, 6-8 December 1999. [14] Seshadri, V., da Silva, C., da Silva, I. and Kruger, P. (1997) A Kinetic Model Applied to the Molten Pig Iron Desulfurization by Injection of Lime-Based Powders. ISIJ International, 37, 21-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.37.21 [15] Lou, W. and Zhu, M. (2014) Numerical Simulation of Desulfurization Behavior in Gas-Stirred Systems Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics-Simultaneous Reaction Model (CFD-SRM) Coupled Model. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 45, 1706-1722.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0105-0 [16] Bird, R., Stewart, W.E. and Lightfoot, E.N. (2002) Transport Phenomena. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York. [17] Oeters, F. (1989) Metallurgy of Steelmaking. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [18] Levenspiel, O. (1999) Chemical Reaction Engineering. Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York. [19] Fluent (2003) Fluent 6.1 User’s Guide. NH, Lebanon. [20] Zhao, Y. (1992) The Role of Oxygen in Hot Metal Desulphurization with Calcium Carbide Powder Injection. Ph.D. Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. [21] Irons, G.A. and Guthrie, R.I.L. (1981) The Kinetics of Molten Iron Desulfurization Using Magnesium Vapor. Metallurgical Transactions B, 12, 755-767.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02654145