Biosorption of Cd (II), Cr (VI) & Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Mirabilis jalapa as Adsorbent
Author(s)
Shaik Abdul Shahanaz Begum,
Yadamari Tharakeswar,
Yakkala Kalyan,
Gurijala Ramakrishna Naidu*
ABSTRACT
Mirabilis jalapa (chandrakantha) leaves were used as a biosorbent for the removal of toxic metals ions cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) from water. The physiochemical properties of the developed biosorbent were studied using FTIR. The efficiency of this developed biosorbent was tested using batch experiments under controlled conditions such as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration and the optimization amount of biosorbent. The residual metallic ion concentrations of cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) were determined using AAS. The biosorption capacity of Mirabilis jalapa was found to be pH dependant and the percentage removal of cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) was increased with increasing adsorbate solution pH and a maximum value was reached at an equilibrium pH = 6 for cadmium (II), pH = 5.5 for chromium (VI) and pH 4.5 for lead (II) respectively. The equilibrium time required for the saturation loading of cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) in the biosorbent was found to be about 120 min. The obtained equilibrium biosorption data was fitted to the linear forms of Freundlich isotherms. The results proved the efficiency of Mirabilis jalapa leaves powder as biosorbent for the removal of metal ions and it can be used for the development of an efficient, clean and novel technology for waste water treatment.
Mirabilis jalapa (chandrakantha) leaves were used as a biosorbent for the removal of toxic metals ions cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) from water. The physiochemical properties of the developed biosorbent were studied using FTIR. The efficiency of this developed biosorbent was tested using batch experiments under controlled conditions such as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration and the optimization amount of biosorbent. The residual metallic ion concentrations of cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) were determined using AAS. The biosorption capacity of Mirabilis jalapa was found to be pH dependant and the percentage removal of cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) was increased with increasing adsorbate solution pH and a maximum value was reached at an equilibrium pH = 6 for cadmium (II), pH = 5.5 for chromium (VI) and pH 4.5 for lead (II) respectively. The equilibrium time required for the saturation loading of cadmium (II), chromium (VI) and lead (II) in the biosorbent was found to be about 120 min. The obtained equilibrium biosorption data was fitted to the linear forms of Freundlich isotherms. The results proved the efficiency of Mirabilis jalapa leaves powder as biosorbent for the removal of metal ions and it can be used for the development of an efficient, clean and novel technology for waste water treatment.
Cite this paper
Begum, S. , Tharakeswar, Y. , Kalyan, Y. and Naidu, G. (2015) Biosorption of Cd (II), Cr (VI) & Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Mirabilis jalapa as Adsorbent. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 5, 93-104. doi: 10.4236/jeas.2015.52007.
Begum, S. , Tharakeswar, Y. , Kalyan, Y. and Naidu, G. (2015) Biosorption of Cd (II), Cr (VI) & Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Mirabilis jalapa as Adsorbent. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 5, 93-104. doi: 10.4236/jeas.2015.52007.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00102.x [2] Igwe, J.C. and Abia, A.A. (2003) Maize Cob and Husk as Adsorbents for Removal of Cd, Pb and Zn Ions from Waste-water. The physical Science, 2, 83-94. [3] Nordberg, G.F., Kjellstrom, T., Nordberg, M., In Friberg, C. and Elinder, G. (1985) Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [4] Oehme, F.W. (1978) Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York. [5] Fergusson, J.E. (1989) The Toxicity of Heavy Elements to Human Beings. In: The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 548. [6] Ullah, M.R. and Enamul Haque, M. (2010) Spectrophotometric Determination of Toxic Elements (Cadmium) in Aqueous Media. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 1-2. [7] Barnhart, J. (1997) Occurrences, Uses, and Properties of Chromium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 26, S3-S7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1997.1132 [8] Costa, M. (2003) Potential Hazards of Hexavalent Chromate in Our Drinking Water. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 118, 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00011-5 [9] Ko, D.C.K., Porter, J.F. and Mckay, G. (2000) Optimized Correlation for the Fixed Bed Adsorption of Metal Ions on Bone Char. Chemical Engineering Science, 55, 5819-5829.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00416-4 [10] Koller, K.B.T., Spurgeon, A. and Levy, L. (2004) Recent Development in Low Level Exposure and Intellectual Impairment in Children. Environmental Health Perspective, 112, 987-994.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6941 [11] Axtell, N.R., Sternberg, S.P.K. and Claussen, K. (2003) Lead and Nickel Removal Using Microspora and Lemna minor. Bioresource Technology, 89, 41-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00034-8 [12] Qiu, Y., Cheng, H., Xu, C. and Sheng, S.D. (2008) Surface Characteristics of Crop-Residue-Derived Black Carbon and Lead (II) Adsorption. Water Resource, 42, 567-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.051 [13] Patterson, J.W. (1985) Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology. 2nd Edition, Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham. [14] Bhatti, H.N., Mumtaz, B., Hanif, M.A. and Nadeem, R. (2007) Removal of Zinc Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Moringa oleifera Lam. (Horseradish Tree) Biomass. Process Biochemistry, 42, 547-553.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.10.009 [15] Schumann, K. (1990) [The Toxicological Estimation of the Heavy Metal Content (Cd, Hg, Pb) in Food for Infants and Small Children]. Z Ernahrunqswiss, 29, 54-73. [16] Aziz, A., Ouali, M.S., Elanddaloussi, E.H., De Menorval, L.C. and Lindheimer, M. (2009) Chemically Modified Olive Stone: A Low-Cost Sorbent for Heavy Metals and Basic Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 441-447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.117 [17] Schiewer, S. and Volesky, B. (1997) Ionic Strength and Electrostatic Effects in Biosorption and Protons. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1863-1871.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960434n [18] Subhankar, C., Sujoy K., D., Rjdeep, C., Adrita, C., Subrata, G. and Arun K., G. (2010) Interactive of Malathion, an Organophosphorus Pesticide with Rhizopus Oryzae Biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174, 47-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.014 [19] Yadamari, T., Yakkala, K., Battala, G. and Gurijala, R.N. (2011) Biosorption of Malathion from Aqueous Solutions Using Herbal Leaves Powder. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2, 37-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2011.228122 [20] Mathew, S.B., Pillai, A.K. and Gupta, V.K. (2007) A Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay of Some Organo Phosphorus Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 67, 1430-1432.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.11.020 [21] Verma, A., Chakraborty, S. and Basu, J.K. (2006) Adsorption Study of Hexavalent Chromium Using Tamarind Hull-Based Adsorbents, Separation and Purification Technology, 50, 336-341.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.12.007
[1] Volesky, B. (1994) Advances in Biosorption of Metal: Selection of Biomass Types. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 14, 291-302.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00102.x [2] Igwe, J.C. and Abia, A.A. (2003) Maize Cob and Husk as Adsorbents for Removal of Cd, Pb and Zn Ions from Waste-water. The physical Science, 2, 83-94. [3] Nordberg, G.F., Kjellstrom, T., Nordberg, M., In Friberg, C. and Elinder, G. (1985) Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [4] Oehme, F.W. (1978) Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York. [5] Fergusson, J.E. (1989) The Toxicity of Heavy Elements to Human Beings. In: The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 548. [6] Ullah, M.R. and Enamul Haque, M. (2010) Spectrophotometric Determination of Toxic Elements (Cadmium) in Aqueous Media. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 1-2. [7] Barnhart, J. (1997) Occurrences, Uses, and Properties of Chromium. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 26, S3-S7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1997.1132 [8] Costa, M. (2003) Potential Hazards of Hexavalent Chromate in Our Drinking Water. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 118, 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00011-5 [9] Ko, D.C.K., Porter, J.F. and Mckay, G. (2000) Optimized Correlation for the Fixed Bed Adsorption of Metal Ions on Bone Char. Chemical Engineering Science, 55, 5819-5829.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00416-4 [10] Koller, K.B.T., Spurgeon, A. and Levy, L. (2004) Recent Development in Low Level Exposure and Intellectual Impairment in Children. Environmental Health Perspective, 112, 987-994.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6941 [11] Axtell, N.R., Sternberg, S.P.K. and Claussen, K. (2003) Lead and Nickel Removal Using Microspora and Lemna minor. Bioresource Technology, 89, 41-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00034-8 [12] Qiu, Y., Cheng, H., Xu, C. and Sheng, S.D. (2008) Surface Characteristics of Crop-Residue-Derived Black Carbon and Lead (II) Adsorption. Water Resource, 42, 567-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.051 [13] Patterson, J.W. (1985) Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology. 2nd Edition, Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham. [14] Bhatti, H.N., Mumtaz, B., Hanif, M.A. and Nadeem, R. (2007) Removal of Zinc Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Moringa oleifera Lam. (Horseradish Tree) Biomass. Process Biochemistry, 42, 547-553.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.10.009 [15] Schumann, K. (1990) [The Toxicological Estimation of the Heavy Metal Content (Cd, Hg, Pb) in Food for Infants and Small Children]. Z Ernahrunqswiss, 29, 54-73. [16] Aziz, A., Ouali, M.S., Elanddaloussi, E.H., De Menorval, L.C. and Lindheimer, M. (2009) Chemically Modified Olive Stone: A Low-Cost Sorbent for Heavy Metals and Basic Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 441-447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.117 [17] Schiewer, S. and Volesky, B. (1997) Ionic Strength and Electrostatic Effects in Biosorption and Protons. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 1863-1871.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960434n [18] Subhankar, C., Sujoy K., D., Rjdeep, C., Adrita, C., Subrata, G. and Arun K., G. (2010) Interactive of Malathion, an Organophosphorus Pesticide with Rhizopus Oryzae Biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 174, 47-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.014 [19] Yadamari, T., Yakkala, K., Battala, G. and Gurijala, R.N. (2011) Biosorption of Malathion from Aqueous Solutions Using Herbal Leaves Powder. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2, 37-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2011.228122 [20] Mathew, S.B., Pillai, A.K. and Gupta, V.K. (2007) A Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay of Some Organo Phosphorus Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 67, 1430-1432.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.11.020 [21] Verma, A., Chakraborty, S. and Basu, J.K. (2006) Adsorption Study of Hexavalent Chromium Using Tamarind Hull-Based Adsorbents, Separation and Purification Technology, 50, 336-341.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.12.007