Checklist of the First Recorded Spider Fauna in Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Affiliation(s)
Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU), Main Campus, Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (SBBU), Main Campus, Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
The spiders are the member of the class Arachnida of the phylum Arthropoda with a hard cephalothorax and soft abdomen. They are environmental indicators and play an important role in biological control of insect population. The present study was conducted to prepare the checklist of the first recorded spider fauna of the 6 quadrates, i.e., Daramdala, Doki, Guryaal, Samang, Shahoor and Sia-Sheringal of Sheringal, Dir Upper (DU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan during June 2013-July 2014. Ten species (spp) belonging to 7 families, and 10 genera (n = 123: total; n = 77: identified; n = 46: unidentified) were recorded. The family Opilionidae (n = 12): harvestmen spider, Hadrobunus grandis Sundevall, 1833; family, Hersiliidae (n = 6): two-tailed spider, Harsilia savignyi Lucas, 1836; family, Pholcidae (n = 10): cellar spider, Crossopriza lyoni Blackwall, 1867; family, Araneidae (n = 5): garden spider, Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757; family, Gnaphosidae (n = 3): ground spider, Gnaphosa eucalyptus Ghafoor and Beg, 2002 were with one species; family, Sparassidae (n = 19), huntsman spider with 2 spp including Halconia insignis Thorell, 1836, and Isopeda tuhogniga Barrion and Litsinger, 1995; while the highest number of species caught from family Lycosidae (n = 20): wolf spider with 3 spp including Arctosa littorali Simon, 1897; Hippasa partita Takidar, 1970 and Pardosa distincta Backwall, 1867 were recorded. It was concluded that 7 families with 10 genera and species each, respectively, were identified from the study area. A detail study is required for further enhancing of the biodiversity of the spider fauna of Sheringal, KP, Pakistan for synthesis of the ethnozoopharmaco-products.
The spiders are the member of the class Arachnida of the phylum Arthropoda with a hard cephalothorax and soft abdomen. They are environmental indicators and play an important role in biological control of insect population. The present study was conducted to prepare the checklist of the first recorded spider fauna of the 6 quadrates, i.e., Daramdala, Doki, Guryaal, Samang, Shahoor and Sia-Sheringal of Sheringal, Dir Upper (DU), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan during June 2013-July 2014. Ten species (spp) belonging to 7 families, and 10 genera (n = 123: total; n = 77: identified; n = 46: unidentified) were recorded. The family Opilionidae (n = 12): harvestmen spider, Hadrobunus grandis Sundevall, 1833; family, Hersiliidae (n = 6): two-tailed spider, Harsilia savignyi Lucas, 1836; family, Pholcidae (n = 10): cellar spider, Crossopriza lyoni Blackwall, 1867; family, Araneidae (n = 5): garden spider, Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757; family, Gnaphosidae (n = 3): ground spider, Gnaphosa eucalyptus Ghafoor and Beg, 2002 were with one species; family, Sparassidae (n = 19), huntsman spider with 2 spp including Halconia insignis Thorell, 1836, and Isopeda tuhogniga Barrion and Litsinger, 1995; while the highest number of species caught from family Lycosidae (n = 20): wolf spider with 3 spp including Arctosa littorali Simon, 1897; Hippasa partita Takidar, 1970 and Pardosa distincta Backwall, 1867 were recorded. It was concluded that 7 families with 10 genera and species each, respectively, were identified from the study area. A detail study is required for further enhancing of the biodiversity of the spider fauna of Sheringal, KP, Pakistan for synthesis of the ethnozoopharmaco-products.
Cite this paper
Perveen, F. and Khan, N. (2015) Checklist of the First Recorded Spider Fauna in Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Advances in Entomology, 3, 94-100. doi: 10.4236/ae.2015.33011.
Perveen, F. and Khan, N. (2015) Checklist of the First Recorded Spider Fauna in Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Advances in Entomology, 3, 94-100. doi: 10.4236/ae.2015.33011.
References
[1] Marc, P., Canard, A. and Ysnel, F. (1999) Spiders (Araneae) Useful for Pest Limitation and Bio-Indication. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74, 229-273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00038-9 [2] Young, O.P. and Edwards, G.B. (1990) Spiders in United States Field Crops and Their Potential Effect on Crop Pests. Journal of Arachnology, 18, 1-27. [3] Marc, P. and Canard, A. (1997) Maintaining Spider Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems as a Tool in Pest Control. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 62, 229-235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01133-4 [4] Gill, H.K., McSorley, R. and Buss. L. (2010) The Insect Community on the Soil Surface.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in876 [5] Ferguson, H.J, Mcpherson, R.M. and Allen, W.A. (1984) Ground and Foliage-Dwelling Spiders in Four Soybean Cropping Systems. Environmental Entomology, 13, 975-980.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/13.4.975 [6] Sunderland, K.D. (1999) Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Spiders on Pest Populations. Journal of Arachnology, 27, 308-316. [7] Karren, J.B. (2002) Spiders. Utah University, Salt Lake City, 22-34. [8] Nieuwenhuys, A. (2008) Spider Information. http://ednieuw.home.xs4all.nl/Spiders [9] Kingsley, R. (1999) The Spiders. New Star Standard Industries (Pvt) Ltd., Singapore, 1-34. [10] Hazrat, A., Shah, J. and Nisar, M. (2011) Medicinal plants of Sheringal Valley, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan. Fuuast Journal of Biology, 1, 131-133. [11] Online Maps (2013) www.google.com [12] Levi, H.W. Randolph, D.E. (1975) A Key and Checklist of American Spiders of the Family Theridiidae North of Mexico (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology, 3, 31-51. [13] Namkung, J., Im, M.S., Kim, S.T. and Lee, J.H. (2002) Spider Fauna of Jeju Island in Korea. Journal Asia-Pacific Entomology, 5, 55-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60133-8 [14] Arshad, M., Jan G.A. and Iqbal, M. (1984) Some Spiders of Peshawar and Adjoining Areas. Zoological Survey of Pakistan, 10, 83-89. [15] Tahir, M. and Butt, A. (2009) Some New Species of Family Lycosidae from Agricultural Fields of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 38, 185-189. [16] Mukhtar, M.K. (2004) Taxonomic studies on the foliage Spider Fauna of Punjab. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 1-76. [17] Ursani, T.J. and Soomro, N.M. (2010) Checklist of Spider Fauna of Sindh Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Entomology, Karachi, Pakistan, 32, 61-73. [18] Sebata, S. (2015) Species Composition and Abundance of the Spider Fauna of the Hillside Dams Conservancy, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Researcher, 7, 44-49. [19] Turnbull, A.C. (1973) Ecology of the True Spiders (Araneomorphae). Annual Review of Entomology, 18, 305-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.18.010173.001513 [20] Whitmore, C., Slotow, R., Crouch, T.E. and Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. (2002) Diversity of Spiders (Araneae) in a Savanna Reserve, Northern Province, South Africa. Journal of Arachnology, 30, 344-356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0344:DOSAIA]2.0.CO;2
[1] Marc, P., Canard, A. and Ysnel, F. (1999) Spiders (Araneae) Useful for Pest Limitation and Bio-Indication. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74, 229-273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00038-9 [2] Young, O.P. and Edwards, G.B. (1990) Spiders in United States Field Crops and Their Potential Effect on Crop Pests. Journal of Arachnology, 18, 1-27. [3] Marc, P. and Canard, A. (1997) Maintaining Spider Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems as a Tool in Pest Control. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 62, 229-235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01133-4 [4] Gill, H.K., McSorley, R. and Buss. L. (2010) The Insect Community on the Soil Surface.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in876 [5] Ferguson, H.J, Mcpherson, R.M. and Allen, W.A. (1984) Ground and Foliage-Dwelling Spiders in Four Soybean Cropping Systems. Environmental Entomology, 13, 975-980.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/13.4.975 [6] Sunderland, K.D. (1999) Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Spiders on Pest Populations. Journal of Arachnology, 27, 308-316. [7] Karren, J.B. (2002) Spiders. Utah University, Salt Lake City, 22-34. [8] Nieuwenhuys, A. (2008) Spider Information. http://ednieuw.home.xs4all.nl/Spiders [9] Kingsley, R. (1999) The Spiders. New Star Standard Industries (Pvt) Ltd., Singapore, 1-34. [10] Hazrat, A., Shah, J. and Nisar, M. (2011) Medicinal plants of Sheringal Valley, Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan. Fuuast Journal of Biology, 1, 131-133. [11] Online Maps (2013) www.google.com [12] Levi, H.W. Randolph, D.E. (1975) A Key and Checklist of American Spiders of the Family Theridiidae North of Mexico (Araneae). Journal of Arachnology, 3, 31-51. [13] Namkung, J., Im, M.S., Kim, S.T. and Lee, J.H. (2002) Spider Fauna of Jeju Island in Korea. Journal Asia-Pacific Entomology, 5, 55-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60133-8 [14] Arshad, M., Jan G.A. and Iqbal, M. (1984) Some Spiders of Peshawar and Adjoining Areas. Zoological Survey of Pakistan, 10, 83-89. [15] Tahir, M. and Butt, A. (2009) Some New Species of Family Lycosidae from Agricultural Fields of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 38, 185-189. [16] Mukhtar, M.K. (2004) Taxonomic studies on the foliage Spider Fauna of Punjab. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 1-76. [17] Ursani, T.J. and Soomro, N.M. (2010) Checklist of Spider Fauna of Sindh Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Entomology, Karachi, Pakistan, 32, 61-73. [18] Sebata, S. (2015) Species Composition and Abundance of the Spider Fauna of the Hillside Dams Conservancy, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Researcher, 7, 44-49. [19] Turnbull, A.C. (1973) Ecology of the True Spiders (Araneomorphae). Annual Review of Entomology, 18, 305-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.18.010173.001513 [20] Whitmore, C., Slotow, R., Crouch, T.E. and Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S. (2002) Diversity of Spiders (Araneae) in a Savanna Reserve, Northern Province, South Africa. Journal of Arachnology, 30, 344-356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0344:DOSAIA]2.0.CO;2