Educational Activities at the Sami Folk High School 1942-1982
Author(s)
Johan Hansson
Affiliation(s)
Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
ABSTRACT
The Sami folk high school started in 1942 as a school for young Sami that needed more education that the Swedish folk school or nomadic school offered its pupils. The school was managed by the Swedish mission society, an organization within the Swedish church. The school was successful but struggled with financial problems. The result was that a foundation with Sami representation managed the school instead after 1972. The following year was even more successful. The number of students increased, and the management could offer more courses and their curriculum had more Sami elements than earlier. However, there was also some conflicts during the 1970s. The largest one being the language boycott addressing the issue of Sami languages at the Sami folk high school as a subject in the school, and as an important part of the Sami culture and identity. This article describes the education of the Sami folk high school’s first 40 years with the help of a model for Sami pedagogy developed by Keskitalo and Määttä. The model shows that the education is to a large extent affected by outer factors—self determination, as well as inner factors—language issues and the curriculum.
The Sami folk high school started in 1942 as a school for young Sami that needed more education that the Swedish folk school or nomadic school offered its pupils. The school was managed by the Swedish mission society, an organization within the Swedish church. The school was successful but struggled with financial problems. The result was that a foundation with Sami representation managed the school instead after 1972. The following year was even more successful. The number of students increased, and the management could offer more courses and their curriculum had more Sami elements than earlier. However, there was also some conflicts during the 1970s. The largest one being the language boycott addressing the issue of Sami languages at the Sami folk high school as a subject in the school, and as an important part of the Sami culture and identity. This article describes the education of the Sami folk high school’s first 40 years with the help of a model for Sami pedagogy developed by Keskitalo and Määttä. The model shows that the education is to a large extent affected by outer factors—self determination, as well as inner factors—language issues and the curriculum.
Cite this paper
Hansson, J. (2015) Educational Activities at the Sami Folk High School 1942-1982. Creative Education, 6, 880-897. doi: 10.4236/ce.2015.69090.
Hansson, J. (2015) Educational Activities at the Sami Folk High School 1942-1982. Creative Education, 6, 880-897. doi: 10.4236/ce.2015.69090.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61219-8 [7] Östlund, B. (1971). Samernas folkhögskola 1970-1971 (The Sami Folk High School 1970-1971). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [8] Samernas Utbildningscentrum (2013). “Samernas” 70 år i samernastjänst: Jubileumstidning, Sámijåhpadusguovdasj (“The Sami’s” 70 Years of Service to the Sami: Anniversary Magazine). Jokkmokk: Samernasutbildningscentrum. [9] Sametinget (2005). The Sami: An Indigenous People in Sweden. Kiruna: Sami Parliament.
http://www.samer.se/2137 [10] SCB (1977). Elever i icke-obligatoriska skolor 1864-1970 (Pupils in Secondary Schools in Sweden 1864-1970).
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Dokument/Elever-i-icke-obligatoriska-skolor-1864-1970.pdf [11] Sjögren, D. (2010). Den säkra zonen: Motiv, åtgärdsförslag och verksamhet i den särskiljande utbildningspolitiken för inhemska minoriteter 1913-1962 (The Safety Zone : Motives, Suggested Measures and Activities in the Separative Education Policy Targeted at Native Minorities [in Sweden] 1913-1962). Ph.D. Thesis, Umeå: Umeå Universitet. [12] Sjölander, P., Edin-Liljegren, A., & Daerga, L. (2009). Samernas hälsosituation i Sverige: En kunskapsöversikt (The Health Situation of the Sami: An Evaluation of Knowledge). Lycksele: Södra Lapplands forskningsenhet, på uppdrag av Same-tinget.
http://www.sametinget.se/40268 [13] Svenska Missionssällskapet (1942). Samernas folkhögskola (The Sami Folk High School). Sorsele, 3-6. [14] Toivalainen, T. (1995). A Comparative Study of Nordic Folk High Schools and the Highlander Folk School. Convergence, 28, 5-24. [15] Wallmark, L. (1956). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1955-1956 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1955-1956). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [16] Wallmark, L. (1961). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1960-1961 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1960-1961). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [17] Wallmark, L. (1966). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1965-1966 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1965-1966). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [18] Wallmark, L. (1969). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1968-1969 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1968-1969). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [19] Wallmark, L. (1970). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1969-1970 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1969-1970). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola.
[1] Burgman, H. (1968). Folkskolanoch den pedagogiskautvecklingen 1868-1918 (The Folk School and the Pedagogical Development). In A. Degerman, H. Burgman, & P. Terning (Eds.), Svenskfolkhögskola 100 år. D. 3. (Swedish Folk High School 100 years) (pp. 123-139). Stockholm: Liber. [2] Hirvonen, V. (2004). Sami culture and the School: Reflections by Sami Teachers and the Realization of the Sami School. Kárásjohka: Saami University College. [3] Keskitalo, P., & Määttä, K. (2011). Sámi pedagogihkaiesvuodat, Saamelaispedagogiikanperusteet, The basics of Sámi pedagogy, Grunderna i samiskpedagogik, Osnovysaamskojpedagogiki. Rovaniemi: Lapin yliopistokustannus. [4] Keskitalo, P., Määttä, K., & Uusiautti, S. (2011). Toward the Practical Framework of Sámi Education. British Journal of Educational Research, 1, 84-106. [5] Lantto, P. (2000). Tiden börjar på nytt: en analys av samernas etnopolitiska mobilisering i Sverige 1900-1950 (Time Begins Anew. An Analysis of the Ethnopolitical Mobilization among the Sami in Sweden 1900-1950). Ph.D. Thesis, Umeå: Umeåuniversitet. [6] Morris, K. (2009). Loss of Land Could Threaten the Sami People. The Lancet, 374, 15-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61219-8 [7] Östlund, B. (1971). Samernas folkhögskola 1970-1971 (The Sami Folk High School 1970-1971). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [8] Samernas Utbildningscentrum (2013). “Samernas” 70 år i samernastjänst: Jubileumstidning, Sámijåhpadusguovdasj (“The Sami’s” 70 Years of Service to the Sami: Anniversary Magazine). Jokkmokk: Samernasutbildningscentrum. [9] Sametinget (2005). The Sami: An Indigenous People in Sweden. Kiruna: Sami Parliament.
http://www.samer.se/2137 [10] SCB (1977). Elever i icke-obligatoriska skolor 1864-1970 (Pupils in Secondary Schools in Sweden 1864-1970).
http://www.scb.se/Grupp/Hitta_statistik/Historisk_statistik/_
Dokument/Elever-i-icke-obligatoriska-skolor-1864-1970.pdf [11] Sjögren, D. (2010). Den säkra zonen: Motiv, åtgärdsförslag och verksamhet i den särskiljande utbildningspolitiken för inhemska minoriteter 1913-1962 (The Safety Zone : Motives, Suggested Measures and Activities in the Separative Education Policy Targeted at Native Minorities [in Sweden] 1913-1962). Ph.D. Thesis, Umeå: Umeå Universitet. [12] Sjölander, P., Edin-Liljegren, A., & Daerga, L. (2009). Samernas hälsosituation i Sverige: En kunskapsöversikt (The Health Situation of the Sami: An Evaluation of Knowledge). Lycksele: Södra Lapplands forskningsenhet, på uppdrag av Same-tinget.
http://www.sametinget.se/40268 [13] Svenska Missionssällskapet (1942). Samernas folkhögskola (The Sami Folk High School). Sorsele, 3-6. [14] Toivalainen, T. (1995). A Comparative Study of Nordic Folk High Schools and the Highlander Folk School. Convergence, 28, 5-24. [15] Wallmark, L. (1956). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1955-1956 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1955-1956). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [16] Wallmark, L. (1961). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1960-1961 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1960-1961). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [17] Wallmark, L. (1966). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1965-1966 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1965-1966). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [18] Wallmark, L. (1969). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1968-1969 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1968-1969). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola. [19] Wallmark, L. (1970). Samernas folkhögskola—Redogörelseförläsåret 1969-1970 (The Sami Folk High School—Report from the School Year 1969-1970). Jokkmokk: Samernas folkhögskola.