Effect of Source to Camera Distance and Count Rate on Intrinsic Uniformity of SPECT Gamma Camera
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
1 Department of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT
In this research, the excellent parameter for regular Quality Control (QC) testing of intrinsic uniformity for dual-head Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) gamma camera is determined. The integral and differential intrinsic uniformity tests for both Useful Field Of View (UFOV) and Centre Field Of View (CFOV) were done by insertion a point-source of 99mTc in front of the detectors with detached collimators to measure the effect of source to camera distance and a count rate on intrinsic uniformity. The result reveals that the best intrinsic uniformity image is obtained at source-to-camera distance of 3 m and a count rate between 16 and 60 M.
In this research, the excellent parameter for regular Quality Control (QC) testing of intrinsic uniformity for dual-head Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) gamma camera is determined. The integral and differential intrinsic uniformity tests for both Useful Field Of View (UFOV) and Centre Field Of View (CFOV) were done by insertion a point-source of 99mTc in front of the detectors with detached collimators to measure the effect of source to camera distance and a count rate on intrinsic uniformity. The result reveals that the best intrinsic uniformity image is obtained at source-to-camera distance of 3 m and a count rate between 16 and 60 M.
KEYWORDS
Quality Control (QC), Intrinsic Uniformity, Useful Field of View (UFOV), Centre Field of View (CFOV), Source to Camera Distance, Count Rate
Quality Control (QC), Intrinsic Uniformity, Useful Field of View (UFOV), Centre Field of View (CFOV), Source to Camera Distance, Count Rate
Cite this paper
Sarah, S. , Prodhan, M. , Hamid, K. and Huq, F. (2015) Effect of Source to Camera Distance and Count Rate on Intrinsic Uniformity of SPECT Gamma Camera. Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 5, 78-84. doi: 10.4236/ojmi.2015.52012.
Sarah, S. , Prodhan, M. , Hamid, K. and Huq, F. (2015) Effect of Source to Camera Distance and Count Rate on Intrinsic Uniformity of SPECT Gamma Camera. Open Journal of Medical Imaging, 5, 78-84. doi: 10.4236/ojmi.2015.52012.
References
[1] Paris, P., Hine, G.L. and Adams, R. (1981) BRH Test Pattern for the Evaluation of Gamma-Camera Performance. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 22, 468-470. [2] Lewellen, T.K. and Grahan, M.M. (1981)A Low-Contrast Phantom for Daily Quality Control. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 22, 279-282. [3] Hasegawa, B.H., Kirch, D.L., Lefree, M.T., Vogel, R.A., Steele, P.P. and Hendee, W.R. (1981) Quality Control of Scintillation Cameras Using a Minicomputer. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 22, 1075-1080. [4] National Electrical Manufacturers Association (2001) NEMA NU 1-2001: Performance Measurements of Scintillation Cameras.
http://www.nema.org/stds/nu1.cfm [5] IAEA-TECDOC-602 (1991) Quality Control of Nuclear Medicine Instruments.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_602_web.pdf [6] International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Standard 61675-2 (2005) Radionuclide Imaging Devices—Characteristics and Test Conditions—Part 2: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographs.
http://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61675-2%7Bed1.1%7Den.pdf [7] O’Connor, M.K., Clinic, M. and Rochester, M.N. (1999) Quality Control of Scintillation Cameras (Planar and SPECT).
http://www.aapm.org/meetings/99AM/pdf/2741-51264.pdf [8] American Association of Physicists in Medicine-Nuclear Medicine Committee (1980) Scintillation Camera Acceptance Testing and Performance Evaluation. AAPM Report No. 6. American Institute of Physics, AIP Publishing, One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 (301) 209-3100.
https://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_06.pdf [9] Zobly, S.M.S. and Osman, A.O. (2010) Effect of Different Parameters on Intrinsic Uniformity Test for MEDISO Single-Head Gamma Camera. Journals of University of Gezira, 5, 1-9. [10] Bushberg, J.T., Seibert, J.A., Leidholdt, E.M. and Boone, J.M. (2002) Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. 2nd Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. [11] Ejeh, J.E., Adedapo, K.S., Akinlade, B.I. and Osifo, B.O.A. (2011) Gamma Camera Intrinsic Uniformity in an Unstable Power Supply Environment. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 14. [12] Anger, H.O. (1964) Scintillation Camera with Multichannel Collimators. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 5, 515-531. [13] Cherry, S.R., Sorenson, J.A. and Phelps, M.E. (2012) Physics in Nuclear Medicine. 4th Edition, Elsevier Inc., Philadelphia. [14] Abdelhalim, M.A.K., Rizk, R.A.M., Farag, H.I. and Reda, S.M. (2009) Effect of Energy Window Width on Planer and SPECT Image Uniformity. Journal of King Saud University—Science, 21, 145-150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2009.06.001 [15] Liu, Y.H., Sinusas, A.J., DeMan, P., Zaret, B.L. and Wackers, F.J. (1999) Quantification of SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Images: Methodology and Validation of the Yale_CQ Method. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 6, 190-204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1071-3581(99)90080-6
[1] Paris, P., Hine, G.L. and Adams, R. (1981) BRH Test Pattern for the Evaluation of Gamma-Camera Performance. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 22, 468-470. [2] Lewellen, T.K. and Grahan, M.M. (1981)A Low-Contrast Phantom for Daily Quality Control. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 22, 279-282. [3] Hasegawa, B.H., Kirch, D.L., Lefree, M.T., Vogel, R.A., Steele, P.P. and Hendee, W.R. (1981) Quality Control of Scintillation Cameras Using a Minicomputer. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 22, 1075-1080. [4] National Electrical Manufacturers Association (2001) NEMA NU 1-2001: Performance Measurements of Scintillation Cameras.
http://www.nema.org/stds/nu1.cfm [5] IAEA-TECDOC-602 (1991) Quality Control of Nuclear Medicine Instruments.
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/te_602_web.pdf [6] International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Standard 61675-2 (2005) Radionuclide Imaging Devices—Characteristics and Test Conditions—Part 2: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomographs.
http://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61675-2%7Bed1.1%7Den.pdf [7] O’Connor, M.K., Clinic, M. and Rochester, M.N. (1999) Quality Control of Scintillation Cameras (Planar and SPECT).
http://www.aapm.org/meetings/99AM/pdf/2741-51264.pdf [8] American Association of Physicists in Medicine-Nuclear Medicine Committee (1980) Scintillation Camera Acceptance Testing and Performance Evaluation. AAPM Report No. 6. American Institute of Physics, AIP Publishing, One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 (301) 209-3100.
https://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_06.pdf [9] Zobly, S.M.S. and Osman, A.O. (2010) Effect of Different Parameters on Intrinsic Uniformity Test for MEDISO Single-Head Gamma Camera. Journals of University of Gezira, 5, 1-9. [10] Bushberg, J.T., Seibert, J.A., Leidholdt, E.M. and Boone, J.M. (2002) Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. 2nd Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. [11] Ejeh, J.E., Adedapo, K.S., Akinlade, B.I. and Osifo, B.O.A. (2011) Gamma Camera Intrinsic Uniformity in an Unstable Power Supply Environment. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 14. [12] Anger, H.O. (1964) Scintillation Camera with Multichannel Collimators. The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 5, 515-531. [13] Cherry, S.R., Sorenson, J.A. and Phelps, M.E. (2012) Physics in Nuclear Medicine. 4th Edition, Elsevier Inc., Philadelphia. [14] Abdelhalim, M.A.K., Rizk, R.A.M., Farag, H.I. and Reda, S.M. (2009) Effect of Energy Window Width on Planer and SPECT Image Uniformity. Journal of King Saud University—Science, 21, 145-150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2009.06.001 [15] Liu, Y.H., Sinusas, A.J., DeMan, P., Zaret, B.L. and Wackers, F.J. (1999) Quantification of SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Images: Methodology and Validation of the Yale_CQ Method. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 6, 190-204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1071-3581(99)90080-6