Biological Management of Damping-Off, Buckeye Rot and Fusarial Wilt of Tomato (cv. Solan Lalima) under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh
ABSTRACT
Disease management is often complicated by the presence of multiple types of pathogens; in an organic system, it is appropriate to develop disease control strategies. The available literature so far reflects that the management of important disease of tomato is through the integrated approaches and very few organic approaches have been tried with various degree of success. Boiopriming of seeds with biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in combination with different biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB) and organic manures (FYM and vermi-compost) were tested against disease incidence and health management of tomato seedling under nursery as well as field conditions. The studies were conducted during two successive years (2012-2013) at farmer’s field with the objective to combat with the increasing disease incidence of three major disease damping-off, fusarium wilt and buckeye rot from nursery stage to the final harvesting. The study focused on the use of biocontrol agents as the suitable alternative to chemical pesticides with sustainable disease management without pesticide residues in foodstuff. The bio priming of seeds with fungal antagonist Trichoderma viridae and harzianum and bacterial antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly improved the germination behavior of tomato seeds as compared to untreated control. Highest mean germination (93.1%) and seedling vigour (953.33) was recorded in Treatment 3 (FYM @ 200 q/ ha + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma herzianum (4 kg/ha each) and lowest in control (60.3%) and (304.83), thus indicating a significant per cent increase in seedling emergence (54.4%) and seedling vigour (95.23%). A considerable reduction in disease incidence (pre and post) of damping off was observed in treatment T? and T? (VC @ 50 q/ha + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma herzianum @ (4 kg/ha) with 45.6% and 35.4% respectively). Treatment T? proved highest in terms of yield (665 Kg/Ha), Hence these diseases can be managed by successful application of Biocontrol agents.
Disease management is often complicated by the presence of multiple types of pathogens; in an organic system, it is appropriate to develop disease control strategies. The available literature so far reflects that the management of important disease of tomato is through the integrated approaches and very few organic approaches have been tried with various degree of success. Boiopriming of seeds with biocontrol agents (Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) in combination with different biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB) and organic manures (FYM and vermi-compost) were tested against disease incidence and health management of tomato seedling under nursery as well as field conditions. The studies were conducted during two successive years (2012-2013) at farmer’s field with the objective to combat with the increasing disease incidence of three major disease damping-off, fusarium wilt and buckeye rot from nursery stage to the final harvesting. The study focused on the use of biocontrol agents as the suitable alternative to chemical pesticides with sustainable disease management without pesticide residues in foodstuff. The bio priming of seeds with fungal antagonist Trichoderma viridae and harzianum and bacterial antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly improved the germination behavior of tomato seeds as compared to untreated control. Highest mean germination (93.1%) and seedling vigour (953.33) was recorded in Treatment 3 (FYM @ 200 q/ ha + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma herzianum (4 kg/ha each) and lowest in control (60.3%) and (304.83), thus indicating a significant per cent increase in seedling emergence (54.4%) and seedling vigour (95.23%). A considerable reduction in disease incidence (pre and post) of damping off was observed in treatment T? and T? (VC @ 50 q/ha + Azospirillum + PSB + Trichoderma herzianum @ (4 kg/ha) with 45.6% and 35.4% respectively). Treatment T? proved highest in terms of yield (665 Kg/Ha), Hence these diseases can be managed by successful application of Biocontrol agents.
Cite this paper
Thakur, N. and Tripathi, A. (2015) Biological Management of Damping-Off, Buckeye Rot and Fusarial Wilt of Tomato (cv. Solan Lalima) under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 535-544. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.65053.
Thakur, N. and Tripathi, A. (2015) Biological Management of Damping-Off, Buckeye Rot and Fusarial Wilt of Tomato (cv. Solan Lalima) under Mid-Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 535-544. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.65053.
References
[1] Someshwar, B., Bambawale, O.M., Tripathi, A.K., Ahmad, I. and Srivastava, R.C. (2013) Biological Management of Fusarial Wilt of Tomato by Trichoderma spp. in Andamans. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 70, 397-403. [2] Kabdal, P., Hooda, K.S., Joshi, D., Hedau, N.K. and Pandey, K.N. (2010) Biocontrol Agents in the Health Management of Capsicum Nursery. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 67, 70-72. [3] Sharma, P. and Sain, S.K. (2005) Use of Biotic Agents and Abiotic Compounds against Damping off of Cauliflower Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Indian Journal of Phytopathology, 58, 395-401. [4] Pietr, S.J., Wojtkowiak, E., Slusarski, C., Stankiewicz, M., Lewicka, T., Biesiada, A., Elad, Y., (ed.), Kohl, J. (ed.) and Shtienberg, D. (2002) The Possible Systemic Induction of Resistance in Some Vegetables by Fungicide Resistant Trichoderma Isolates. Proceedings of the 7th Working Group Meeting, “Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Biocontrol Agents at Pine Bay, Kusadasi, Turkey”, 22-25 May 2002. Bulletin-OIL-SROP. 25, 10, 331. [5] Windham, M.T., Elad, Y. and Baker, R. (1986) A Mechanism for Increased Plant Growth Induced by Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 76, 518-521.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-518. [6] Kleifeld, O. and Chet, I. (1992) Trichoderma harzia-num—Interaction with Plants and Effect on Growth Response. Plant Soil, 144, 267-272.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012884 [7] 7Hooda, K.S., Bhatt, J.C., Joshi, D., Sushil, S.N. and Gupta, H.S. (2008) Biocontrol Agent’s vis-à-vis Fungicides in Managing Various Diseases of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Hills of Uttarakhand. Indian Journal of Phytopathology, 61, 331-336. [8] Manorangitham, S.K., Preakasam, V. and Rajoppan, A.K. (2001) Biocontrol of Damping off of Tomato Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Indian Journal of Phytopathalogy, 54, 59-61. [9] Ramesh, R. (2004) Management of Damping-Off in Brinjal Using Biocontrol Agents. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 34, 666-670. [10] Bunkar, R.N. and Mathur, K. (2001) Integration of Biocontrol Agents and Fungicides for Suppression of Dry Rot Root of Capsicum Frutescens. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 31, 33-34.
[1] Someshwar, B., Bambawale, O.M., Tripathi, A.K., Ahmad, I. and Srivastava, R.C. (2013) Biological Management of Fusarial Wilt of Tomato by Trichoderma spp. in Andamans. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 70, 397-403. [2] Kabdal, P., Hooda, K.S., Joshi, D., Hedau, N.K. and Pandey, K.N. (2010) Biocontrol Agents in the Health Management of Capsicum Nursery. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 67, 70-72. [3] Sharma, P. and Sain, S.K. (2005) Use of Biotic Agents and Abiotic Compounds against Damping off of Cauliflower Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Indian Journal of Phytopathology, 58, 395-401. [4] Pietr, S.J., Wojtkowiak, E., Slusarski, C., Stankiewicz, M., Lewicka, T., Biesiada, A., Elad, Y., (ed.), Kohl, J. (ed.) and Shtienberg, D. (2002) The Possible Systemic Induction of Resistance in Some Vegetables by Fungicide Resistant Trichoderma Isolates. Proceedings of the 7th Working Group Meeting, “Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Factors on Biocontrol Agents at Pine Bay, Kusadasi, Turkey”, 22-25 May 2002. Bulletin-OIL-SROP. 25, 10, 331. [5] Windham, M.T., Elad, Y. and Baker, R. (1986) A Mechanism for Increased Plant Growth Induced by Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 76, 518-521.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-518. [6] Kleifeld, O. and Chet, I. (1992) Trichoderma harzia-num—Interaction with Plants and Effect on Growth Response. Plant Soil, 144, 267-272.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012884 [7] 7Hooda, K.S., Bhatt, J.C., Joshi, D., Sushil, S.N. and Gupta, H.S. (2008) Biocontrol Agent’s vis-à-vis Fungicides in Managing Various Diseases of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Hills of Uttarakhand. Indian Journal of Phytopathology, 61, 331-336. [8] Manorangitham, S.K., Preakasam, V. and Rajoppan, A.K. (2001) Biocontrol of Damping off of Tomato Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Indian Journal of Phytopathalogy, 54, 59-61. [9] Ramesh, R. (2004) Management of Damping-Off in Brinjal Using Biocontrol Agents. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 34, 666-670. [10] Bunkar, R.N. and Mathur, K. (2001) Integration of Biocontrol Agents and Fungicides for Suppression of Dry Rot Root of Capsicum Frutescens. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 31, 33-34.